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Challenges and Suggestions of Ethical Review on Clinical Research Involving Brain-Computer Interfaces

Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2024年第2期39卷 131-139页

作者： xue-qin Wang Hong-Qiang Sun jia-Yue Si Zi-Yan Lin Xiao-Mei Zhai Lin Lu Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit(No.2018RU006)Beijing 100191China Department of Psychology University of CaliforniaDavis 95616USA Department of Psychology University of TorontoToronto M5S 1A1Canada School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and Peking University-International Development Group/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and *** an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental ***,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical *** this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical *** the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in *** ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.

关键词： brain-computer interface clinical research bioethics ethical governance ethical review

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Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers:An open-label,non-randomized,phase II clinical trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3564-3573页

作者： Ling-Xiao Xu jia-jia Yuan Ran xue Jun Zhou Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142China

BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with high malignancy,poor prognosis,and limited treatment *** To explore the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic *** This open-label,non-randomized,double-center,phase II clinical trial recruited systemic therapy-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic BTCs between April 2019 and June 2022 at Beijing Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of China Medical *** patients were administered nab-paclitaxel(150 mg/m^(2),day 1)and capecitabine(2000 mg/m^(2),twice daily,days 1-7)in 14-day cycles until experiencing intolerable toxicity or disease *** primary outcome was the objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included the disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and *** A total of 44 patients successfully completed the trial,with a median age of 64.00 years(interquartile range,35.00-76.00),and 26(59.09%)were *** response assessment was impeded for one patient due to premature demise from tumor *** the remaining 43 patients undergoing at least one imaging assessment,the ORR was 23.26%[95%confidence interval(CI):11.80%-38.60%],and the DCR was 69.77%(95%CI:53.90%-82.80%).The median OS was 14.1 months(95%CI:8.3-19.9),and the median PFS was 4.4 months(95%CI:2.5-6.3).A total of 41 patients(93.18%)experienced at least one adverse event(AE),with 10 patients(22.73%)encountering grade≥3 AEs,and the most frequent AEs of any grade were alopecia(79.50%),leukopenia(54.55%),neutropenia(52.27%),and liver dysfunction(40.91%),and no treatment-related deaths were *** Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine may be an effective and safe first-line treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic BTCs.

关键词： Nab-paclitaxel Capecitabine Biliary tract cancer Objective response rate Phase II clinical trial

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A condition-based maintenance policy for reconfigurable multi-device systems

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 252-269页

作者： Shu-Lian Xie Feng xue Wei-Min Zhang jia-Wei Zhu School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai201804People’s Republic of China

The exploration of component states for optimizing maintenance schedules in complex systems has garnered significant interest from ***,current literature usually overlooks the critical aspects of system flexibility and *** implementation of system reconfiguration can effectively mitigate system downtime and enhance production *** study proposes a dynamic condition-based maintenance policy considering reconfiguration for reconfigurable systems.A double-layer decision rule was constructed for the devices and *** achieve the best overall maintenance effect of the system,the remaining useful life probability distribution and recommended maintenance time of each device were used to optimize the concurrent maintenance time window of the devices and determine whether to reconfigure them.A comprehensive maintenance efficiency index was introduced that simultaneously considered the maintenance cost rate,reliability,and availability of the system to characterize the overall maintenance *** reconfiguration cost was included in the maintenance *** proposed policy was tested through numerical experiments and compared with different-level *** results show that the proposed policy can significantly reduce the downtime and maintenance costs and improve the overall system reliability and availability.

关键词： Condition-based maintenance(CBM) Reconfigurable system Remaining useful life Maintenance cost System reliability

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Experimental and numerical investigation of the impacts of rotor tip-rake on excitation forces of pump-jet propulsors

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 142-157页

作者： xue-qin Ji Xiao-song Zhang Chen-jun Yang Xiao-qian Dong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Marine Numerical Experiment CentreSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China CSSC Shanghai Marine Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai200011China China Ship Scientific Research Center Shanghai Branch Shanghai200011China

The tip-clearance flow in a pump-jet propulsor exerts great impacts on the fluctuating pressures and resultant unsteady forces,which are important sources of structural vibrations and radiated noise *** blade geometry close to the tip is an important factor determining the vortex strength in the tip-clearance *** the open-water condition,the effects of raking the rotor tips on the duct-surface fluctuating pressures and the resultant unsteady forces acting on different components of the propulsor are investigated via physical model experiments and the numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations coupled with the SST k-ωturbulence *** measured and simulated results of hydrodynamic pressures are consistent to each other,and the simulated flows help better understand why the fluctuating pressures change with the tip *** strong fluctuations of duct-surface pressures are caused by intensive tip separation *** duct-surface pressure fluctuations are effectively reduced by using the rake distribution near the tip towards blade back side and,for the combination of the five-bladed rotor and the seven-bladed stator,the resultant unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on the duct and stator are also reduced;while increasing rake leads to negative effect on pressure fluctuations and unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on all the components of the propulsor.

关键词： Pump-jet tip-clearance tip-rake fluctuating pressures excitation forces

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An efficient data-driven global sensitivity analysis method of shale gas production through convolutional neural network

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2475-2484页

作者： Liang xue Shuai Xu Jie Nie Ji qin jiang-Xia Han Yue-Tian Liu qin-Zhuo Liao State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Department of Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd. China National Petroleum Corporation

The shale gas development process is complex in terms of its flow mechanisms and the accuracy of the production forecasting is influenced by geological parameters and engineering parameters. Therefore, to quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of model parameters on the production forecasting performance, sensitivity analysis of parameters is required. The parameters are ranked according to the sensitivity coefficients for the subsequent optimization scheme design. A data-driven global sensitivity analysis(GSA) method using convolutional neural networks(CNN) is proposed to identify the influencing parameters in shale gas production. The CNN is trained on a large dataset, validated against numerical simulations, and utilized as a surrogate model for efficient sensitivity analysis. Our approach integrates CNN with the Sobol' global sensitivity analysis method, presenting three key scenarios for sensitivity analysis: analysis of the production stage as a whole, analysis by fixed time intervals, and analysis by declining rate. The findings underscore the predominant influence of reservoir thickness and well length on shale gas production. Furthermore, the temporal sensitivity analysis reveals the dynamic shifts in parameter importance across the distinct production stages.

关键词： Shale gas Global sensitivity Convolutional neural network Data-driven

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Polymorphic cerium-based Prussian blue derivatives with in situ growing CNT/Co heterojunctions for enhanced microwave absorption via polarization and magnetization

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2050-2060页

作者： Jixi Zhou Xinmeng Huang Di Lan Yuhang Cheng Fengyi xue Chenyu jia Guanglei Wu Zirui jia Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textilesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China

In this paper,the structure evolution of cerium cobaltohexanoate(Ce[Co(CN)6],Ce-Co Prussian blue analog(PBA))has been realized by solvent catalysis at room *** hexagonal bipyramidal microcrystals of Ce-Co PBA can be gradually transformed into dendrites by different proportions of ethanol(EtOH)and *** the same time,the porous dendrites CeO_(2)/Co@carbon nanotub(CNT)with oxygen-rich vacancies(OVs)can be obtained by annealing Ce-Co PBA at 700℃.The microstructure study shows that carbon nanotubes will be catalyzed after annealing at high temperature,and the cobalt metal particles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes will be anchored in the matrix,regulating the impedance matching and multi-polarization suppression of the material,and its unique structure,vacancies,and strong interface effect make the material exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption *** the matching thickness is 2.5 mm,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of the composite is-51.68 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth(RL<-10 dB)is 7.76 *** results show that the prepared CeO_(2)/Co@CNT composite has excellent EMW absorption *** is expected to be a candidate material for EMW absorption.

关键词： Ce-Co Prussian blue analog(PBA) carbon nanotubes(CNTs) CeO_(2)/Co@CNT solvent catalysis electromagnetic wave absorption

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Influence of pressure disturbance wave on dynamic response characteristics of liquid film seal for multiphase pump

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2048-2065页

作者： qing-Ping Li Jin-Ya Zhang jia-Xiang Zhang Yong-xue Zhang CNOOC Research Institute Company Limited Beijing100028China State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate Beijing100028China College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing2249China

Slug flow or high GVF(Gas Volume Fraction)conditions can cause pressure disturbance waves and alternating loads at the boundary of mechanical seals for multiphase pumps,endangering the safety of multiphase pump *** mechanical seal model is simplified by using periodic boundary conditions and numerical calculations are carried out based on the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation ***(User Define Function)programs such as structural dynamics equations,alternating load equations,and pressure disturbance equations are embedded in numerical calculations,and the dynamic response characteristics of mechanical seal are studied using layered dynamic mesh *** results show that when the pressure disturbance occurs at the inlet,as the amplitude and period of the disturbance increase,the film thickness gradually *** the fundamental reason for the hysteresis of the film thickness change is that the pressure in the high-pressure area cannot be restored in a timely *** maximum value of leakage and the minimum value of axial velocity are independent of the disturbance period and determined by the disturbance *** mutual interference between enhanced waves does not have a significant impact on the film thickness,while the front wave in the attenuated wave has a promoting effect on the subsequent film thickness changes,and the fluctuation of the liquid film cavitation rate and axial velocity under the attenuated wave condition deviates from the initial *** with pressure disturbance conditions,alternating load conditions have a more significant impact on film thickness and *** actual operation,it is necessary to avoid alternating load conditions in multiphase pump mechanical seals.

关键词： Multiphase pump Liquid film seal Pressure disturbance wave Dynamic response characteristics

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Prevalence of Cannabis Use around the World:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,2000-2024

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China CDC weekly 2024年第25期6卷 597-604,I0013,I0014页

作者： Qianning Wang Zhen qin Xing Xing He Zhu Zhongwei jia National Institute of Health Data Science Center for Drug Abuse Prevention and ControlPeking UniversityBeijingChina School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of cannabis use to inform drug prevention strategies,policy-making,and resource *** study initially screened 177,843 studies published between January 1,2000,and January 15,2024,using peer-reviewed databases including Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,Embase,and Cochrane ***,595 studies were identified for data extraction,and 39 of these were selected as country-representative *** among the selected studies was assessed using the chi-squared test and I2 statistic,while sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the *** prevalence of cannabis use varied between 0.42%and 43.90%across 33 European countries,1.40%to 38.12%across 15 North and South American countries,0.30%to 19.10%across 16 Asian countries,and 1.30%to 48.70%across 18 Oceania and African *** pooled prevalence of cannabis use was 12.0%[95%confidence interval(CI):10.0,14.3]in countries where cannabis is legalized,compared to 5.4%(95%CI:4.3,6.9)in non-legalized *** findings indicate that the prevalence of cannabis use has disproportionately increased in most countries with the implementation of medical or recreational cannabis legalization policies and relevant geographic *** efforts are needed to monitor newly cannabis-legalized countries and prevent initial use.

关键词： prevention legal initially

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Optimization of the co-closing law of guide vanes and blades for bulb turbines based on CFD

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 363-377页

作者： Hui Liu Yun-fa Lin Yong-guang Cheng Song xue Mao-jia Tang jian Zhang jia-yi Fan State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Dongfang Electric Machinery Co. Ltd.Deyang618000China

The load rejection transient process of bulb turbine units is critical to safety of hydropower stations,and determining appropriate closing laws of guide vanes(GVs)and runner blades(RBs)for this process is of *** this study,we proposed a procedure to optimize the co-closing law of GVs and RBs by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),combined with the design of experiment(DOE)method,approximation model,and genetic optimization *** sensitivity of closing law parameters on the histories of head,speed,and thrust was analyzed,and a two-stage GVs’closing law associating with a linear RBs’closing law was *** results show that GVs dominate the transient characteristics by controlling the change of *** GVs’first-stage closing speed while shortening first-stage closing time can not only significantly reduce the maximum rotational speed but also suppress the water hammer pressure;slowing GVs’second-stage closing speed is conducive to controlling the maximum reverse axial *** directly affect the runner *** RBs’closing speed can further reduce the rotational speed and the maximum reverse axial *** safety margin of each control parameter,flow patterns,and pressure pulsations of a practical hydropower station were all improved after optimization,demonstrating the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： Bulb turbine load rejection transient process double regulation closing law optimization computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

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New strategies for asymmetric photocatalysis: asymmetric organocatalytic/photoredox relay catalysis for efficient synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing vicinal amino alcohols

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 945-952页

作者： jia-Lu Zhang Wen-Bo He Xiu-qin Hu Peng-Fei Xu State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology College of Veterinary MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhou Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730000China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

An asymmetric catalytic strategy in photocatalysis utilizing a chirality-induced approach through an organocatalytic/photoredox relay catalysis strategy is successfully achieved for the rapid construction of polycyclic compounds containing vicinal amino alcohols in a one-pot protocol. This methodology facilitates the efficient synthesis of diverse substituted polycyclic tetrahydroquinoline and benzofuran-derived vicinal amino alcohols, each containing five consecutive chiral centers, with high yields,excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities(up to 95% yield, >20:1 dr and 98% ee), under mild reaction conditions driven by sequential bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst-catalyzed [4+2] annulation and photocatalyst-catalyzed ketyl radical addition cyclization reaction process. Furthermore, investigations into the stereoselectivity mechanism and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) experiments on free radical trapping have provided evidence for elucidating the detailed mechanism of chirality-induced processes and chiral intermediate conversions in this procedure.

关键词： enantioselective photocatalysis asymmetric organocatalytic/photocatalysis relay catalysis five consecutive chiral centers chirality-induced strategy chirality vicinal amino alcohols

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