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Electromagnetic fields in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 103-109页

作者： Jie Zhao Jin-Hui Chen xu-guang huang Yu-Gang Ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions(UPCs)offer unique opportunities to study processes under strong electromagnetic *** these collisions,highly charged fast-moving ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that can be effectively treated as photon *** exchange of photons can induce photonuclear and two-photon interactions and excite *** excitation of the ions results in Coulomb dissociation with the emission of photons,neutrons,and other ***,the electromagnetic fields generated by the ions can be sufficiently strong to enforce mutual interactions between the two colliding ***,the two colliding ions experience an electromagnetic force that pushes them in opposite directions,causing a back-to-back correlation in the emitted *** a Monte Carlo simulation,we qualitatively demonstrate that the above electromagnetic effect is large enough to be observed in UPCs,which would provide a clear means to study strong electromagnetic fields and their effects.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields Neutrons Ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions(UPC)

Applying deep learning technique to chiral magnetic wave search

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 170-176页

作者： Yuan-Sheng Zhao xu-guang huang Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics National Natural Science Foundation of China and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

The chiral magnetic wave(CMW)is a collective mode in quark-gluon plasma originated from the chiral magnetic effect(CME)and chiral separation *** detection in heavy-ion collisions is challenging owing to significant background ***[*** et al.,***.C 106,L051901(2022)],we constructed a neural network that accurately identifies the CME-related signal from the final-state pion *** this study,we have generalized this neural network to the case of CMW *** show that,after an updated training,the neural network effectively recognizes the CMW-related ***,we have assessed the performance of the neural network in comparison with other known methods for CMW search.

关键词： deep learning chiral magnetic wave relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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夸克胶子等离子体的手征与自旋物理

科学通报 2024年第15期69卷 1989-2007页

作者：王帅黄旭光复旦大学物理学系上海200438 复旦大学粒子物理与场论中心上海200438 复旦大学核物理与离子束应用教育部重点实验室上海200433 复旦大学上海理论核物理中心上海200438

相对论重离子碰撞可以产生极端高温的夸克胶子等离子体(quark gluon plasma,QGP),同时也可以产生极强的电磁场和流体涡旋场.这些场直接影响QGP中微观粒子的自旋和轨道运动,诱导出新奇的宏观量子现象,比如手征磁效应、手征涡效应、手征... 详细信息

相对论重离子碰撞可以产生极端高温的夸克胶子等离子体(quark gluon plasma,QGP),同时也可以产生极强的电磁场和流体涡旋场.这些场直接影响QGP中微观粒子的自旋和轨道运动,诱导出新奇的宏观量子现象,比如手征磁效应、手征涡效应、手征分离效应、手征电分离效应等手征反常输运现象,以及超子自旋极化、矢量介子自旋排列等现象,并有可能对量子色动力学(quantum chromodynamics,QCD)相结构产生重要影响.这些现象一方面提供了在重离子碰撞中探测QCD的非平庸规范场拓扑结构、强相互作用的电荷-宇称(charge-parity,CP)破坏、夸克胶子物质中的自旋动力学等的实验手段,另一方面也与粒子物理、凝聚态物理、天体物理等发生紧密联系,形成活跃的交叉研究领域.本文对上述宏观量子现象的产生机制以及它们在重离子碰撞中的实验信号等进行了回顾和展望,重点介绍了如下内容:(1)重离子碰撞中强电磁场和流体涡旋场的产生;(2)手征反常输运现象的理论基础和实验信号;(3)手征磁效应和涡效应引起的等离子体不稳定性;(4)QGP中的自旋极化现象.

关键词：夸克胶子等离子体相对论重离子碰撞手征反常输运自旋极化现象

Spin polarization formula for Dirac fermions at local equilibrium

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 121-128页

作者： Yu-Chen Liu xu-guang huang Physics Department and Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

We derive a Cooper-Frye type spin polarization formula for Dirac fermions at local thermal equilibrium described by a grand canonical ensemble specified by temperature, fluid velocity, chemical potential, and spin potential. We discuss the physical meaning of different contributions to spin polarization and compare them with previous work. The present formula provides machinery to convert the spin potential computed in, e.g., relativistic spin hydrodynamics to the spin polarization observable in,e.g., heavy-ion collisions.

关键词： spin polarization local equilibrium spin kinetic theory

Novel quantum phenomena induced by strong magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第2期28卷 70-98页

作者： Koichi Hattori xu-guang huang Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China RIKEN-BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973-5000 USA Department of Physics Brookhaven National LaboratoryUpton NY 11973-5000 USA

The relativistic heavy-ion collisions create both hot quark–gluon matter and strong magnetic fields, and provide an arena to study the interplay between quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics. In recent years, it has been shown that such an interplay can generate a number of interesting quantum phenomena in hadronic and quark–gluon matter. In this short review, we first discuss some properties of the magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions and then give an overview of the magnetic fieldinduced novel quantum effects. In particular, we focus on the magnetic effect on the heavy flavor mesons, the heavyquark transports, and the phenomena closely related to chiral anomaly.

关键词： Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Strong magnetic fields Anomalous transports Quarkonium Heavy quark diffusion dynamics

Anomalous chiral transports and spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第6期31卷 30-51页

作者： Yu-Chen Liu xu-guang huang Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions create hot quark–gluon plasma as well as very strong electromagnetic(EM)and fluid vortical *** strong EM field and vorticity can induce intriguing macroscopic quantum phenomena such as chiral magnetic,chiral separation,chiral electric separation,and chiral vortical effects as well as the spin polarization of *** phenomena provide us with experimentally feasible means to study the nontrivial topological sector of quantum chromodynamics,the possible parity violation of strong interaction at high temperature,and the subatomic spintronics of quark–gluon *** studies,both in theory and in experiments,are strongly connected with other subfields of physics such as condensed matter physics,astrophysics,and cold atomic physics,and thus form an emerging interdisciplinary research *** give an introduction to the aforementioned phenomena induced by the EM field and vorticity and an overview of the current status of experimental research in heavy-ion *** also briefly discuss spin hydrodynamics as well as chiral and spin kinetic theories.

关键词： Heavy-ion collision Chiral magnetic effect Spin polarization Quark–gluon plasma

Effect of Acupuncture on Endometrial Blood Flow in Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization Embryo Transfer: A Single Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 10-17页

作者： DONG Hao-xu Wu Xiao ZHOU Qin huang Dong-mei ZHANG Ming-min huang guang-ying YANG Wei Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan(430030)China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecoiogy Tongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan(430030)China Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan(430030)China Department of Reproductive Medicine Tongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan(430030)China

Objective: To evaluate the effect of manual acupuncture on endometrial blood flow parameters by three-dimensional(3D) power Doppler ultrasound in women undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transfer(IVF-ET). Methods: Seventy patients undergoing IVF-ET were equally randomized into traditional or sham acupuncture treatment group for totally 4 days(from the day of oocyte aspiration to the day of embryo transfer) of treatment by random envelope method at the Reproductive Medicine Center and Outpatient Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2013 to December 2015. Patients in the traditional acupuncture group accepted traditional acupuncture methods with manual acupuncture, and Zhongji(CV3), Qihai(CV 6), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Taichong(LR 3), Tianshu(ST 25), Guilai(ST 29) and Zusanli(ST 36) were chosen. Patients at the sham acupuncture group accepted shallow acupuncture methods at 4 non-meridian points at each shoulder and upper arm. Outcome measures included endometrial ultrasonic indices such as vascularization index(VI), flow index(FI) and vascularization flow index(VFI), endometrial thickness and volume, subendometrial VI(sVI), subendometrial FI(sFI), subendometrial VFI(sVFI), implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and number of live births. Results: Finally, 34 patients in the traditional acupuncture group and 35 in the sham acupuncture group completed this trial. VI, FI and VFI of the traditional acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the sham acupuncture group(P0.05). Conclusions: Manual acupuncture performed after oocyte aspiration and before transplantation improved the endometr

关键词： acupuncture endometrial blood flow endometrial receptivity in vitro fertilization randomized controlled trial

Counterion-Mediated Hydrogen Bonding Making Strong Polyelectrolytes pH-Responsive:Current Understanding and Perspectives

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1270-1277,I0005页

作者： Yue huang guang-Tao Mei Zan Hua guang-Ming Liu Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical PhysicsKey Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Educationand Department of Materials ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu214002China

The counterion-mediated hydrogen bonding(CMHB)is related to the hydrogen bonding between bound counterions and polyelectrolyte chains in polyelectrolyte systems,where the counterions can both electrostatically bind to the charged groups of polyelectrolyte chains and act as hydrogen bond donors or acceptors to form hydrogen bonds with the hydrogen bond sites associated with polyelectrolyte chains simultaneously.A large number of literatures illustrate that strong polyelectrolytes(SPs)are insensitive to pH,which severely limmits the applications of SPs as smart ***,our studies have demonstrated that the CMHB makes SPs *** perspective discusses the mechanism of pH responsiveness of SPs and the pH-tunable properties of SPs,based on the pH-controlled CMHB *** future research directions on the pH responsiveness of SPs are also discussed *** is anticipated that the study of the pH responsiveness of SPs not only will provide a new understanding of the fundamental properties of SPs,but also will greatly expand the applications of SPs in the field of smart materials.

关键词： Counterion binding Hydrogen bond Polyelectrolyte brush Polyelectrolyte complexation

Novel aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth battery based on highly porous Bi_(2)WO6 and Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)MoO_(4) microspheres

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Rare Metals 2023年第3期42卷 902-915页

作者： Wei-Wei Kang Ya-Nan Zhao Wen-Qing Zhang Ying Sun xue-Qin Zhang Gui-Yun Yi guang-xu huang Bao-Lin Xing Chuan-Xiang Zhang Bao-Ping Lin College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

Developing high performances aqueous rechargeable batteries is imperative and ***,a novel aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth battery is developed based on highly porous Bi_(2)WO_(6) and Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)MoO_(4) microspheres as electrode active *** Bi_(2)WO6 microspheres assembled from nanosheets as anode active materials can afford a specific capacity of179.2 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1),rate capability of 74.7%in 1-20 A·g^(-1),and capacity retention of 57.2%for 1500 cycles at 15 A·g^(-1).Owing to the highly porous microsphere with’ribbon’-like and intertwined nanolayers morphology,the screened Co0.5Ni0.5MoO4 cathode active materials present an outstanding specific surface area of 293 m^(2)·g^(-1)and excellent electrochemical performance(such as superior specific capacity of 113.2 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1),high rate performance of 51.8%in 1-15 A·g^(-1),and good capacity retention of 48.5%for 4600 cycles at15 A·g^(-1)).The corresponding aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth battery delivers the maximum energy density and power density of 35.8 Wh·kg^(-1) and3238.5 W·kg^(-1),*** present research would offer a worthwhile guidance for the effective construction of electrode active materials for aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth batteries.

关键词： Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs) Porous Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)MoO_(4) Bi_(2)WO microspheres Energy storageandconversion