Cilia are hair-like cellular projections essential for development and homeostasis,which can be grouped into either immotile or motile cilia based on their *** vertebrates,motile cilia that line the brain ventricles,r...
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Cilia are hair-like cellular projections essential for development and homeostasis,which can be grouped into either immotile or motile cilia based on their *** vertebrates,motile cilia that line the brain ventricles,respiratory tracts,and reproductive tracts exist as multiple cilia and beat in a coordinated fashion to generate a directional fluid flow across the epithelial surfaces(Lyu et al.,2024).In contrast,sperm cells have a single flagellum that shares a similar axoneme arrangement but possesses unique accessory structures,including the mitochondrial sheath,the fibrous sheath,and the outer dense fibers(Linck et al.,2016).Some ciliary proteins display distinct cellular distributions in multiple motile cilia and sperm *** instance,outer dense fiber protein 2(ODF2)associates with basal bodies in tracheal motile cilia but is abundant in sperm flagella(Zhao et al.,2021;Zhu et al.,2022).These differences potentially grant sperm flagella distinctive properties.
Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global ...
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Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global climate *** to the increased popularity of consumer electronics and electric vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have quickly become the most successful rechargeable batteries in the past three decades,yet growing demands in diversified application scenarios call for new types of rechargeable *** efforts are made to developing the next-generation post-Li-ion rechargeable batteries,which include,but are not limited to solid-state batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,organic batteries,magnesium-/zinc-ion batteries,aqueous batteries and flow *** the great achievements,challenges persist in precise understandings about the electrochemical reaction and charge transfer process,and optimal design of key materials and interfaces in a *** roadmap tends to provide an overview about the current research progress,key challenges and future prospects of various types of rechargeable *** computational methods for materials development,and characterization techniques will also be discussed as they play an important role in battery research.
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