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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第3期14卷 180-189页

作者： xinhua yin Department of Plant Sciences The University of Tennessee Jackson USA

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

关键词： Humic Acid Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Corn Leaf Burn N rate Ratio

变形量对半固态CuSn10合金组织和性能的影响

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稀有金属材料与工程 2024年第2期53卷 424-434页

作者：文科李永坤周荣锋殷新华熊文韬刘程祥张亚真昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院云南昆明650093 昆明理工大学城市学院云南昆明650051

材料的组织形态直接影响零件的性能,采用自主研发的熔体约束诱导形核半固态制浆装置制备Cu Sn10半固态浆料并流变挤压成薄板,然后在350℃下轧制变形,研究变形量对微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着变形量增加,变形板件内部缩松缩孔... 详细信息

材料的组织形态直接影响零件的性能,采用自主研发的熔体约束诱导形核半固态制浆装置制备Cu Sn10半固态浆料并流变挤压成薄板,然后在350℃下轧制变形,研究变形量对微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着变形量增加,变形板件内部缩松缩孔等铸造缺陷逐渐减少减小、晶粒呈现压缩拉长趋势、平均晶粒厚度从初始未变形时30.58μm到变形量ε=0.4时的22.12μm。随变形量的加大在初生相内部产生的形变孪晶数量逐渐增加。在变形量从ε=0增加到ε=0.4的过程中,Cu Sn10合金组织内小角度晶界占比逐渐占优,引入了大量的亚结构和位错密度。在变形量ε=0.4时,可以发现极图{110}和{111}存在[101]、[111]和[001]织构。在板材力学性能方面,板材的屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度不断增加;但塑性呈现下降的趋势。变形量ε=0.4时,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和布氏硬度(HBW)分别达到了443 MPa、554MPa、1901.2MPa,相较于初始未变形薄板其屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度分别提高了106.1%、66.4%、41.6%,延伸率降低至0.82%。半固态Cu Sn10合金在变形过程中随变形量的增加强度、硬度不断提高、塑性持续降低,这主要是归功于在轧制变形过程中产生的晶粒细化和加工强化。

关键词：铜锡合金半固态轧制变形微观结构 EBSD

TA2纯钛热压缩过程中形变对相变与再结晶的影响

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稀有金属材料与工程 2024年第4期53卷 1120-1129页

作者：刘程祥黄东亚周荣锋刘昆李永坤殷新华文科张亚真昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院云南昆明650093 云南钛业股份有限公司云南楚雄651209

使用Gleeble-1500热力学模拟实验机对TA2纯钛在相变点前后以10 s^(-1)的变形速率进行热压缩变形,研究热压缩对相变的影响。研究发现形变作用在相变点附近时,相变首先发生在板条之间,新形成的β晶粒多为球状或短棒状。随着压缩量的增大,... 详细信息

使用Gleeble-1500热力学模拟实验机对TA2纯钛在相变点前后以10 s^(-1)的变形速率进行热压缩变形,研究热压缩对相变的影响。研究发现形变作用在相变点附近时,相变首先发生在板条之间,新形成的β晶粒多为球状或短棒状。随着压缩量的增大,相邻的β晶核逐渐连接并变为条状组织。相变存在临界值,当压缩温度分别为860、890和920℃时,压缩量达到40%、30%和20%时,相变趋于饱和,取而代之的是动态再结晶的大量发生。温升效应对相变的影响不大,当变形量较大时温升效应相应提高,动态再结晶数目显著增多,而相变却几乎不发生。温度越高,形变促进相变的现象就越明显,当压缩温度在相变点之后时,很小的压缩量就可以使相变快速发生。

关键词：纯钛热压缩 EBSD 微观结构

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大中型灌区用水精细化管理模式研究

江苏水利 2024年第10期 6-9页

作者：黄明华殷新华苏依凡徐绪堪泰州市姜堰区水利局江苏泰州225300 河海大学商学院江苏南京210000 常州市大数据挖掘与知识管理重点实验室江苏常州213022

在全面实施农村水价综合改革过程中,存在农业灌溉用水存在水量计量方式有待改进、灌溉最后一公里管理缺失、灌溉用水调度需要优化等问题,亟待更为有效、快捷、成本低、精准度高的灌溉用水精细化管理模式,以提高水资源在农业灌溉中的效... 详细信息

在全面实施农村水价综合改革过程中,存在农业灌溉用水存在水量计量方式有待改进、灌溉最后一公里管理缺失、灌溉用水调度需要优化等问题,亟待更为有效、快捷、成本低、精准度高的灌溉用水精细化管理模式,以提高水资源在农业灌溉中的效率。选取泰州市周山河灌区作为研究对象,旨在通过精细化管理理论,优化其用水管理制度。评估灌区现有用水管理体系,构建一个涵盖农田用水点至省级水利厅的5级灌溉用水管理模式,探讨该模式的示范应用及其在其他灌区的推广策略,以期为我国农业用水管理提供理论和实践指导。

关键词：大中型灌区灌区用水精细化管理

Small Scale Spatio-Temporal Variabilities in Soil Nitrogen, Leaf Nitrogen, and Canopy Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of Cotton

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第12期4卷 56-74页

作者： xinhua yin Department of Plant Sciences The University of Tennessee Jackson TN USA

Strip plots have been increasingly used in agricultural field experiments to better reflect the true situation of crop production on farmers’ fields, but failure to account for spatially and temporally related errors when present in the data analysis of strip plot field experiments may cause inefficient assessment of treatment effect significance. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns and degrees of the spatial and temporal variabilities in soil inorganic N level, leaf N concentration, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of cotton under no-tillage and the influences of N treatments on these variabilities. A strip plot experiment was conducted on a private farm near Brazil, Gibson County, Tennessee from 2009 through 2011. Five N treatments of 0, 45, 90, 134, and 179 kg N ha-1 were implemented as side dress N in strip plots under a randomized complete block design with three replicates after 45 kg N ha-1 was applied in the form of chicken litter before cotton planting. Spatial variability was present in soil inorganic N before cotton planting and after harvest, and in leaf N and canopy NDVI at the early square and early, mid-, and late bloom stages although the patterns and degrees of the spatial variabilities sometimes varied with growth stages and years. Application of the in-season side-dress N treatments often reduced the spatial variations of leaf N and NDVI, but increased those of post-harvest soil inorganic N. Out results suggest that the spatial and temporal variabilities of soil inorganic N, leaf N, and NDVI are high, and should be taken into account if possible in the data analyses of N treatment effects on related soil properties and plant characteristics of cotton in strip plot field experiment research.

关键词： Variability Soil N Leaf N NDVI N Rate Cotton

Geostatistical Analyses of Field Spatial Variability of Cotton Yield

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第12期4卷 75-87页

作者： xinhua yin Department of Plant Sciences The University of Tennessee Jackson TN USA

More information is needed on the spatial variability of soil properties and plant characteristics at the field strip plot experiment scale for accurate evaluation of treatment effect significance. The objective of this study was to examine the pattern and degree of field spatial variability of cotton yield and the relationship between cotton yield and canopy Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A strip plot trial was carried out on a private farm near Brazil, Gibson County, TN from 2009 to 2011. Five side dress N treatments of 0, 45, 90, 134, and 179 kg N ha-1 were imposed on cotton in strip plots under a RCB design with three replications after 45 kg N ha-1 was applied as pre-plant N in the form of chicken litter. Spatial variability was high in lint yield although its pattern and degree varied with year. The correlation of lint yield with NDVI was almost always statistically significant but not strong during early square to late bloom irrespective of year. There was significant global spatial autocorrelation of residual lint yield (N treatment effects on yield excluded) within the test field in 2010 and 2011 based on the Moran’s I statistic. The Localized Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) cluster map showed that there were some significant local clusters of residual lint yield within the field each year. In conclusion, spatial variability needs to be included in data analyses of N treatment effects on cotton yield in strip plot field studies. Cotton yield from farmers’ fields could be expected to have noticeable annual and within field spatial variations in the region, which will significantly influence cotton yields.

关键词： Analysis Variability Yield Nitrogen Cotton

In-Season Side-Dressing of Urea and Ammonium Nitrate to Cotton on No-Till Soils with High Residual Nitrogen and Pre-Plant Nitrogen Application

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第11期5卷 276-286页

作者： xinhua yin Department of Plant Sciences The University of Tennessee Jackson TN USA

It is essential to develop innovative approaches that can apply N more efficiently. The objective of this study was to examine in-season side-dress urea and ammonium nitrate (UAN) applications to cotton on no-till soils with high residual N fertility. A field trial was conducted near Milan, TN in 2011 and 2012 with strip plots in a RCB design with three replicates. The following six in-season side-dress fluid UAN treatments were compared: 1) zero N;2) low uniform-rate N application of 56 kg·N·haǃ3) high uniform-rate N application of 78.4 kg·N·haǃ4) ordinary variable-rate N application algorithm for each sub plot based on the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value in that sub plot;5) reversed variable-rate N application algorithm for each sub plot based on average NDVI of that sub plot;and 6) N application rate based on the average NDVI value in each strip plot. All plots received 26 kg·N·haǃ as diammonium phosphate before cotton planting each year. Leaf N concentrations were mostly enhanced with all side-dress N applications ranging from 56 to 78 kg·N·haǃ relative to zero N during early to late bloom although this upland field had high initial soil N fertility and received pre-plant application of 26 kg·N·haǃ across the treatments each year. However, NDVI, plant height, and lint yield were rarely improved with side-dress N application. The three variable-rate N application algorithms consumed 7.8 to 12.3 kg·haǃ more N than the low uniform-rate application of 56 kg·N·haǃ, but 10.1 to 14.6 kg·haǃ less N than the high uniform rate of 78.4 kg·N·haǃ. Our results indicate that the current N recommendations for cotton in Tennessee may be too high on upland soils with high initial N fertility.

关键词： UAN Side-Dress Cotton Yield N Consumption

Long-Term Cropping System, Tillage, and Poultry Litter Application Affect the Chemical Properties of an Alabama Ultisol

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 180-194页

作者： Zhongqi HE Irenus A.TAZISONG xinhua yin Dexter B.WATTS Zachary N.SENWO Henry Allen TORBERT United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) Southern Regional Research Center Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) National Soil Dynamics Laboratory

Sustainable agricultural practices have been steadily increasing in the last couple of decades. These management practices frequently involve cover crops, less or no-tillage, and organic fertilization. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cropping systems,tillage and no-tillage, and the application of poultry litter(PL) on selected soil physicochemical properties and soil test nutrients. Soil samples were collected from the topmost surface(0–5 cm) and subsurface(5–10 cm) layers. The general effect trend was PL application > no-tillage > cover crop > cropping type. There were more statistically significant(P ≤ 0.05) correlations between the 18 soil attributes at the topmost surface than at the subsurface. This could be due to the accumulation of external C inputs and nutrients by crop residues and PL application as well as the retaining effects of no-tillage on less mobile nutrient components. Because of their high mobility and volatile nature, total nitrogen(N), ammonia-N(NH_4^+-N), and nitrate-N(NO_3^--N) levels varied greatly(high standard deviations), showing no consistent patterns among the treatments. Compared to the soybean cropping system, corn, especially with the wheat cover crop, contributed more to the total carbon(C) and sulfur(S) in the topmost surface soils(0–5 cm). Poultry litter application greatly increased pH, cation exchange capacity(CEC), base saturation, magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), calcium(Ca),sodium(Na), potassium(K), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), and zinc(Zn) in both soil layers. Contrast comparisons revealed that PL application had more of an effect on these soil chemical properties than no-tillage and cropping systems. These results will shed light on developing better nutrient management practices while reducing their runoff potentials.

关键词： conventional tillage cover crop Mehlich-3 extraction no-tillage nutrient management practice organic fertilization soil attributes soil test nutrients

Calcium-Sensing Receptor of Immune Cells and Diseases

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2021年第2期5卷 257-266页

作者： Wenxiu Liu Yutong Guo MM Yue Liu Jiaxing Sun xinhua yin Department of Cardiology The First Affi liated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin150001 HeilongjiangChina

Calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR),which was initially found in the parathyroid gland,is ubiquitously expressed and exerts specifi c functions in multiple cells,including immune *** is functionally expressed on neutrophils,monocytes/macrophages,and T lymphocytes,but not B lymphocytes,and regulates cell functions,such as cytokine secretion,chemotaxis,phenotype switching,and ligand *** these immune cells,CaSR is involved in the development of many diseases,such as sepsis,cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes,rheumatism,myocardial infarction,diabetes,and peripheral artery *** its discovery,it has been controversial whether CaSR is expressed and plays a role in immune *** article reviews current knowledge of the role of CaSR in immune cells.

关键词： Calcium-sensing receptor neutrophil monocyte/macrophage T lymphocyte B lymphocyte

Feasibility of using polypropylene ground cover upon consideration of long-term responses of sweet cherry nutrition and profitability

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 594-601页

作者： xinhua yin Clark F. Seavert Assistant Professor Department of Plant Sciences The University of Tennessee 605 Airways Blvd. Jackson TN 38301 Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics Ballard Extension Hall Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

The impacts of synthetic polypropylene ground cover in the row area of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees (‘Regina’/’Gisela 6’) on soil nutrient availability, tree mineral nutrition and productivity, and economic returns were investigated on a Van Horn fine sandy loam soil at Hood River OR, from 2000 to 2007. Treatments included 2.44-m wide synthetic fabric ground cover made of black, woven poly-propylene over the row area of cherry trees (woven fabric), and no ground cover but with herbicide applications in the row area with the same width as the polypropylene ground cover (herbicide strip) – standard industry practice. This article reports the plant nutrition and soil fertility results of 2006 and 2007 and profitability and feasibility results of 2000 to 2007. Tree leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations were significantly higher with 9 to 14% increases using woven fabric compared with herbicide strip in 2006 and 2007. However, leaf sulfur (S) concentrations were significantly lowered with woven fabric in the two seasons. Woven fabric resulted in fruit with comparable quality and possible greater storability under enhanced fruit yields than herbicide strip in both years. Woven fabric was more profitable than herbicide strip based on an additional net present value of $2,606 ha-1 by the end of this study. Woven fabric had annual gross returns greater than annual costs in the fourth year after planting by $8,181 ha-1 relative to herbicide strip, and had cumulative net returns greater than total costs of all previous years in the sixth year after planting by $17,796 ha-1 over herbicide strip. However, to establish a sweet cherry orchard with woven fabric, the grower would spend an additional $4,332 ha-1 over herbicide strip. In conclusion, woven fabric is a profitable and sustainable in-row ground management alternative to herbicide strip for orchards from a long-term perspective.

关键词： Polypropylene Ground Cover Sweet Cherry Leaf Nutrition Fruit Storability Annual Gross Returns Annual Cost Annual Net Returns Cumulative Net Returns Present Value