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Evaluation of water management on arsenic methylation and volatilization in arsenic-contaminated soils strengthened by bioaugmentation and biostimulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 515-526页

作者： Peng Chen yi liu Guo-xin Sun State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Arsenic(As) fate in paddy fields has been one of the most significant current issues due to the strong As accumulation potential of rice plants under fooded conditions. However,no attempt was done to explore As methylation and volatilization under non-fooded conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of water management on As methylation and volatilization in three arsenic-contaminated soils enhanced by biostimulation with strawderived organic matter and bioaugmentation with genetic engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440(GE P. putida). Under fooded conditions, the application of biochar(BC), rice straw(RS)and their combination(BC+RS) increased total As in porewater. However, these effects were greatly attenuated under non-fooded conditions. Compared with RS amendment alone, the combination of GE P. putida and RS further promoted the As methylation and volatilization,and the promotion percentage under non-fooded conditions were significantly higher than that under fooded conditions. The combined GE P. putida and RS showed the highest efficiency in As methylation(88 μg/L) and volatilization(415.4 μg/(kg·year)) in the non-fooded soil with moderate As contamination. Finally, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis presented that methylated As, DOC and p H in porewater were the most important factors contributing to As volatilization. Overall, our findings suggest that combination of bioaugmentation with GE P. putida and biostimulation with RS/BC+RS is a potential strategy for bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by enhancing As methylation and volatilization under non-fooded conditions.

关键词： Arsenic methylation Arsenic volatilization Water management Straw incorporation Bioaugmentation

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Astrocyte polarization in glaucoma: a new opportunity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2582-2588页

作者： yi-xin liu Hao Sun Wen-yi Guo Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology ShanghaiChina

Astrocyte polarization is a new concept which is similar to microglia polarization and in which astrocytes are classified as A1(neurotoxic)and A2(neuroprotective).Several studies on astrocyte polarization have focused mainly on neurodegenerative diseases,trauma,and infections.However,the role of astrocyte polarization in glaucoma,a neurodegenerative disease,has not been fully explored.In this review,we first describe the characteristics of astrocyte astrogliosis in glaucoma,including morphological,molecular,proliferative and functional changes.We then summarize understanding of astrocyte polarization in other diseases,and show that A1 astrocytes are involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma,and that their neurotoxins kill only damaged retinal ganglion cells.Based on this,we propose new interesting conjecture on astrocyte polarization in glaucoma:(1)That the neurotoxin from A1 astrocytes is a product of the complement system(membrane-attacking complex),since this system is known to mediate synaptic elimination and the C3 expression is clearly increased in A1 astrocytes;(2)that reactive scar-forming astrocytes in the optic nerve head may be classified as A2 astrocytes since their ablation leads to a worse prognosis in glaucoma.Finally,current therapeutic research progress on astrocyte polarization in other diseases is also addressed.Regulation of astrocyte polarization can be achieved by extracellular microglia-related and intracellular pathways.Reduced A1 or increased A2 astrocytes can rescue the nerve.For example,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist rescues retinal ganglion cells by reducing A1 astrocytes via the extracellular microglia-related pathway in an ocular hypertension model,suggesting that regulation of astrocyte polarization as a therapeutic target in glaucoma is feasible.

关键词： astrocytes glaucoma heterogeneity microglia neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation neuroprotection optic nerve retina therapy

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Data fusing and joint training for learning with noisy labels

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第6期16卷 63-70页

作者： yi WEI Mei XUE xin liu Pengxiang XU College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China Beijing Seetatech Technology Co. LtdBeijing100029China

It is well known that deep learning depends on a large amount of clean data.Because of high annotation cost,various methods have been devoted to annotating the data automatically.However,a larger number of the noisy labels are generated in the datasets,which is a challenging problem.In this paper,we propose a new method for selecting training data accurately.Specifically,our approach fits a mixture model to the per-sample loss of the raw label and the predicted label,and the mixture model is utilized to dynamically divide the training set into a correctly labeled set,a correctly predicted set,and a wrong set.Then,a network is trained with these sets in the supervised learning manner.Due to the confirmation bias problem,we train the two networks alternately,and each network establishes the data division to teach the other network.When optimizing network parameters,the labels of the samples fuse respectively by the probabilities from the mixture model.Experiments on CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100 and Clothing1M demonstrate that this method is the same or superior to the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： deep learning noisy labels data fusing

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Metal-organic frameworks as photocatalysts for aerobic oxidation reactions

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第6期66卷 1634-1653页

作者： Kun Wu Xin-Yi Liu Pei-Wen Cheng Mo Xie Weigang Lu Dan Li College of Chemistry and Materials Science Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and ApplicationsJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are emerging as one of the most intriguing classes of heterogeneous photocatalysts owing to their abundant structures,tunable porosity,and versatile functions.The advantages of bottom-up design and reticular synthesis render MOF materials with desired photocatalytic properties for targeted reactions.In this review,we discussed the design and synthesis of MOF-based photocatalysts as well as strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance.Recent progress on MOFs as platforms for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions was summarized and categorized according to the types of bond formation.We hope this review will give an in-depth insight into MOF-based photocatalytic systems for not only aerobic oxidation reactions but also other organic transformations.A brief outlook on the challenges and opportunities of MOFs as heterogeneous photocatalysts is provided at the end of the review.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks heterogeneous photocatalyst reactive oxygen species aerobic oxidation organic synthesis

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Clinical characteristics and management of coexistent cardiomyopathy in patients with bicuspid aortic valve

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第3期20卷 205-213页

作者： Di ZHANG yi-Ting LU Ze-Min ZHOU Yu-Xiao HU xin-Chang liu yi QU Ya-xin liu Xian-Liang ZHOU Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Emergency and Critical Care Center Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve(BAV)is the most common congenital heart disease.However,the prevalence,clinical characteristics,and current management of BAV associated with inherited cardiomyopathy,including hypertrophic cardiomy-opathy(HCM),dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM),and left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC)have not been well described.METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with BAV at a large tertiary cardiovascular referral center between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively assessed for HCM,DCM,and LVNC based on clinical and echocardiographic criteria.Patients with coexist-ent conditions were investigated further.RESULTS Of 3533 patients with BAV screened,57(1.6%)had concomitant cardiomyopathy.BAV was combined with HCM in 30 of these patients,with DCM in 19,and with LVNC in eight.Forty-six patients(80.7%)were male,and the mean age at first dia-gnosis was 47 years for BAV with HCM,49 years for BAV with DCM,and 35 years for BAV with LVNC.Heart failure and aortic valve dysfunction were common in these patients,and the prevalence of coexisting aortopathy was 43.3%,26.3%and 25.0%,re-spectively,for BAV with HCM,DCM and LVNC.During the index hospitalization,24 of the 57 patients(42.1%)underwent sur-gery,16(28%)underwent aortic valve and/or aortic surgery,and 16 of the 30 patients with HCM had a Morrow procedure.There were no deaths or other major adverse cardiovascular events.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of inherited cardiomyopathy was higher in our patients with BAV than in the general popula-tion.Aortopathy and heart failure were common,with almost half of patients requiring surgery at diagnosis.

关键词： patients cardiomyopathy aortic

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Participants Recruitment for Coverage Maximization by Mobility Predicting in Mobile Crowd Sensing

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China Communications 2023年第8期20卷 163-176页

作者： Yuanni liu Xi liu xin Li Mingxin Li yi Li School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China School of Cyber Security and Information Law Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Beijing Research Institute China UnicomBeijing 100048China

Mobile Crowd Sensing(MCS)is an emerging paradigm that leverages sensor-equipped smart devices to collect data.The introduction of MCS also poses some challenges such as providing highquality data for upper layer MCS applications,which requires adequate participants.However,recruiting enough participants to provide the sensing data for free is hard for the MCS platform under a limited budget,which may lead to a low coverage ratio of sensing area.This paper proposes a novel method to choose participants uniformly distributed in a specific sensing area based on the mobility patterns of mobile users.The method consists of two steps:(1)A second-order Markov chain is used to predict the next positions of users,and select users whose next places are in the target sensing area to form a candidate pool.(2)The Average Entropy(DAE)is proposed to measure the distribution of participants.The participant maximizing the DAE value of a specific sensing area with different granular sub-areas is chosen to maximize the coverage ratio of the sensing area.Experimental results show that the proposed method can maximize the coverage ratio of a sensing area under different partition granularities.

关键词： data average entropy human mobility prediction markov chain mobile crowd sensing

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Scattering Analysis and Optimization of Spherical Acoustic Cloak with Unideal Pentamode Material

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2020年第3期33卷 347-360页

作者： xin Nie yi Chen Xiaoning liu Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle Ministry of EducationSchool of Aerospace EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The acoustic scattering is theoretically studied in this paper for three-dimensional spherical cloak composed of unideal pentamode material,for which small shear rigidity is always inevitable for a real designed microstructure.A theoretical formulation is developed to efficiently evaluate the cloaking performance.The generic scattering feature of the cloak and the efTects of material imperfectness and inner cloak boundary constraints are systematically examined.The preferable constraint type and the critical imperfectness parameter of the material are identified for possible broadband invisibility.In addition,a very practical lining shell scheme is proposed to tune the constraint strength on the inner boundary.By combining the theoretical model with optimization algorithm,it is further proved that the cloak can be reduced by several piecewiseuniform layers and optimized to achieve excellent invisibility in targeted frequency bands.The study will provide valuable guidance for the future microstructural design of cloaks.

关键词： Pentamode material Spherical acoustic cloak Scattering calculation Boundary effect Optimization

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Design a Hybrid Energy-Supply for the Electrically Driven Heavy-Duty Hexapod Vehicle

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1434-1448页

作者： Zhenyu Xu Haoyuan yi Dan liu Ru Zhang xin Luo State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Research Institute Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Co.LtdBaotou014030China

Increasing the power density and overload capability of the energy-supply units(ESUs)is always one of the most challenging tasks in developing and deploying legged vehicles,especially for heavy-duty legged vehicles,in which significant power fluctuations in energy supply exist with peak power several times surpassing the average value.Applying ESUs with high power density and high overload can compactly ensure fluctuating power source supply on demand.It can avoid the ultra-high configuration issue,which usually exists in the conventional lithium-ion battery-based or engine-generator-based ESUs.Moreover,it dramatically reduces weight and significantly increases the loading and endurance capabilities of the legged vehicles.In this paper,we present a hybrid energy-supply unit for a heavy-duty legged vehicle combining the discharge characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and peak energy release/absorption characteristics of supercapacitors to adapt the ESU to high overload power fluctuations.The parameters of the lithium-ion battery pack and supercapacitor pack inside the ESU are optimally matched using the genetic algorithm based on the energy consumption model of the heavy-duty legged vehicle.The experiment results exhibit that the legged vehicle with a weight of 4.2 tons can walk at the speed of 5 km/h in a tripod gait under a reduction of 35.39%in weight of the ESU compared to the conventional lithium-ion battery-based solution.

关键词： Heavy-duty legged vehicles Hybrid energy-supply unit Power fluctuation Optimal matching of lithium-ion battery pack and supercapacitor pack

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A hybrid model for high spatial and temporal resolution population distribution prediction

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 2268-2295页

作者： Yuhang Zhang yi Zhang Bo Huang xin liu Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Future Human Habitats Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongPeople's Republic of China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.ShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China

The accurate prediction of population distribution is crucial for numerous applications,from urban planning to epidemiological modelling.Using one-week data collected from open and multiple sources,including telecommunication activity,weather,point of interest,buildings,roads,and land use in Milan,Italy,we develop a hybrid method combining cellular automata(CA)and long short-term memory(LSTM)to predict population distribution with fine temporal and spatial granularity.Specifically,the convolutional autoencoder and LightGBM are applied to identify missing building types based on the pedestrian shed.The LSTM learns the transition rules of CA and Shapley additive explanations value is used for variable importance analysis.Results demonstrate that the combination of convolutional autoencoder and LightGBM is effective in building type prediction.The proposed model for population distribution prediction outperforms LSTM,the combination of CA and neural network,and the combination of CA and LightGBM by at least 5–10%.A variable importance analysis reveals that temporal variables are the most significant for prediction,followed by spatial and natural variables.The order of hour,housing-related variables,and types of precipitation are the most important variables in each category.

关键词： Cellular automata long short-term memory spatial and temporal analysis big data population distribution

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Rational distribution of Ru nanodots on 2D Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterostructures for boosted photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 6652-6660页

作者： Wen-Jing yi xin Du Meng Zhang Sha-Sha yi Rui-Hao Xia Chuan-Qi Li Yan liu Zhong-yi liu Wen-Lei Zhang xin-Zheng Yue College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Incorporating metal nanodots(NDs)into heterostructures for high charge separation and transfer capacities is one of the most effective strategies for improving their photocatalytic activities.However,controlling the space distribution of metal NDs for optimizing charge transport pathways remains a significant challenge,particularly in two-dimensional(2D)face-to-face heterostructures.Herein,we develop a simple targeted self-reduction strategy for selectively loading Ru NDs onto the Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)(TC)surface of 2D TC/g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN)heterojunction based on the reductive Ti vacancy defects creatively increased during the preparation of TC/CN by reducing calcination.Notably,the optimized Ru/TC/CN photocatalyst exhibits an outstanding H_(2)evolution rate of 3.21 mmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1)and a high apparent quantum efficiency of 30.9%at 380 nm,which is contributed by the unidirectional transfer of the photogenerated electrons from CN to Ru active sites(CN→TC→Ru)and the suppressed backflow of electrons from Ru sites to CN,as revealed by comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work provides a novel strategy for synthesizing the highly efficient photocatalysts with a controllable charge transfer paths,which will boost the development of photocatalysis.

关键词： Ru/Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)/g-C_(3)N_(4) targeted self-reduction strategy selective growth unidirectional electron migration photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

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