Astrocyte polarization in glaucoma: a new opportunity

作     者：Yi-Xin Liu Hao Sun Wen-Yi Guo Yi-Xin Liu;Hao Sun;Wen-Yi Guo

作者机构：Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第17卷第12期

页      面：2582-2588页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100212[医学-眼科学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970796 (to WYG) Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,No.201940330 (to WYG) Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,No.JYLJ201905 (to WYG) the Research Grant of the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,No.20DZ2270800 

主　　题：astrocytes glaucoma heterogeneity microglia neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation neuroprotection optic nerve retina therapy 

摘      要：Astrocyte polarization is a new concept which is similar to microglia polarization and in which astrocytes are classified as A1(neurotoxic)and A2(neuroprotective).Several studies on astrocyte polarization have focused mainly on neurodegenerative diseases,trauma,and ***,the role of astrocyte polarization in glaucoma,a neurodegenerative disease,has not been fully *** this review,we first describe the characteristics of astrocyte astrogliosis in glaucoma,including morphological,molecular,proliferative and functional *** then summarize understanding of astrocyte polarization in other diseases,and show that A1 astrocytes are involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma,and that their neurotoxins kill only damaged retinal ganglion *** on this,we propose new interesting conjecture on astrocyte polarization in glaucoma:(1)That the neurotoxin from A1 astrocytes is a product of the complement system(membrane-attacking complex),since this system is known to mediate synaptic elimination and the C3 expression is clearly increased in A1 astrocytes;(2)that reactive scar-forming astrocytes in the optic nerve head may be classified as A2 astrocytes since their ablation leads to a worse prognosis in ***,current therapeutic research progress on astrocyte polarization in other diseases is also *** of astrocyte polarization can be achieved by extracellular microglia-related and intracellular *** A1 or increased A2 astrocytes can rescue the *** example,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist rescues retinal ganglion cells by reducing A1 astrocytes via the extracellular microglia-related pathway in an ocular hypertension model,suggesting that regulation of astrocyte polarization as a therapeutic target in glaucoma is feasible.