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Upgraded durian genome reveals the role of chromosome reshuffling during ancestral karyotype evolution,lignin biosynthesis regulation,and stress tolerance

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Science China(life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1266-1279页

作者： Wanwan li xin chen Jianing Yu Yuxian Zhu College of life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Gene Research College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Durian(Durio zibethinus)is a tropical fruit that has a unique flavor and *** occupies a significant phylogenetic position within the Malvaceae *** core-eudicot plants are reported to share seven ancestral karyotypes that have undergone reshuffling,resulting in an abundant genomic ***,the ancestral karyotypes of the Malvaceae family,as well as the evolution trajectory leading to the28 chromosomes in durian,remain poorly ***,we report the high-quality assembly of the durian genome with comprehensive comparative genomic *** analyzing the collinear blocks between cacao and durian,we inferred 11 Malvaceae ancestral *** blocks were present in a single-copy form in cacao and mainly in triplicates in durian,possibly resulting from a recent whole genome triplication(WGT)event that led to hexaploidization of the durian genome around 20(17–24)million years ago.A large proportion of the duplicated genes in durian,such as those involved in the lignin biosynthesis module for phenylpropane biosynthesis,are derived directly from whole genome duplication,which makes it an important force in reshaping its genomic *** studies have revealed that genes involved in feruloyl-Co A formations were highly preferentially expressed in fruit peels,indicating that the thorns produced on durian fruit may comprise guaiacyl and syringyl *** all the analyzed transcription factors(TFs),members of the heat shock factor family(HSF)were the most significantly upregulated under heat *** subfamilies of genes encoding heat shock proteins(HSPs)in the durian genome appear to have undergone *** potential interactions between HSF Dzi05.397 and HSPs were examined and experimentally *** study provides a high-quality durian genome and reveals the reshuffling mechanism of ancestral Malvaceae chromosomes to produce the durian *** also provide insights into the mechanism underlying lignin bi

关键词： Durio zibethinus whole genome duplication whole genome triplication Malvaceae ancestral karyotypes chromosome reshuffling lignin biosynthesis heat stress

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Health diagnosis of ultrahigh arch dam performance using heterogeneous spatial panel vector model

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 177-186页

作者： Er-feng Zhao xin li Chong-shi Gu The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China NationalEngineering Research Centerof Water Resources Eficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Hohai UniversityNanjing 20098China

Currently,more than ten ultrahigh arch dams have been constructed or are being constructed in *** control is essential to long-term operation of these *** study employed the flexibility coefficient and plastic complementary energy norm to assess the structural safety of arch dams.A comprehensive analysis was conducted,focusing on differences among conventional methods in characterizing the structural behavior of the Xiaowan arch dam in ***,the spatiotemporal characteristics of the measured performance of the Xiaowan dam were explored,including periodicity,convergence,and time-effect *** findings revealed the governing mechanism of main ***,a heterogeneous spatial panel vector model was developed,considering both common factors and specific factors affecting the safety and performance of arch *** model aims to comprehensively illustrate spatial heterogeneity between the entire structure and local regions,introducing a specific effect quantity to characterize local deformation ***,the proposed model was applied to the Xiaowan arch dam,accurately quantifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dam ***,the spatiotemporal distri-bution characteristics of environmental load effects on different parts of the dam were reasonably *** of the model prediction enhances its credibility,leading to the formulation of health diagnosis criteria for future long-term operation of the Xiaowan *** findings not only enhance the predictive ability and timely control of ultrahigh arch dams'performance but also provide a crucial basis for assessing the effectiveness of engineering treatment measures.

关键词： Ultrahigh arch dam Structural performance Deformation behavior Diagnosis criterion Panel data model

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Memory Trace for Fear Extinction:Fragile yet Reinforceable

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 777-794页

作者： Ying liu Shuai Ye xin-Ni li Wei-Guang li Department of Rehabilitation Medicine State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceHuashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Fear extinction is a biological process in which learned fear behavior diminishes without anticipated reinforcement,allowing the organism to re-adapt to ever-changing *** on the behavioral hypothesis that extinction is new learning and forms an extinction memory,this new memory is more readily forgettable than the original fear *** brain’s cellular and synaptic traces underpinning this inherently fragile yet reinforceable extinction memory remain *** questions are about the whereabouts of the engram neurons that emerged during extinction learning and how they constitute a dynamically evolving functional construct that works in concert to store and express the extinction *** this review,we discuss recent advances in the engram circuits and their neural connectivity plasticity for fear extinction,aiming to establish a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamic competition between fear and extinction memories in adaptive control of conditioned fear responses.

关键词： Fear extinction memory Memory trace Fear relapse Medial prefrontal cortex Basolateral amygdala Ventral hippocampus Insular cortex Synaptic adaptations

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Palladium-catalyzed multi components oxy-aminofluorination and aminofluorination of gem-difluoroalkenes

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Chinese chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 420-425页

作者： Fen Wu xin li Junbiao Chang Dachang Bai State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative DrugKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and ReactionsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPingyuan LaboratoryHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Organofluorine compounds are widely used in the realm of drug discovery and material ***,we developed palladium catalyzed intermolecular aminofluorination and oxy-aminofluorination of gem‑difluoroalkenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide(NFSI),in which NFSI was used as the nitrogen source and *** reaction provides an efficient and straightforward synthesis route of a series ofα-trifluoromethyl benzylic ***,three/four components oxy-aminofluorination processes were realized to giveα-trifluoromethyl benzylic ether with a terminal amino group,which proceed through C(sp^(3))-O bond cleavage of easily available ether and simultaneous introduced a fluorine,an amino and an oxy substituent in one pot with excellent *** divergent reactivity not only included the incorporation of one ether molecular,but also much more challenged two ether insertion with excellent selectivity through succession C(sp^(3))-O bonds *** protocol allows for concise synthesis of high value amines with fluoroalkyl-substituents and selectively transformation of easily available ethers by high-valent palladium catalysis.

关键词： Palladium Multi components Aminofluorination Oxy-aminofluorination C(sp^(3))-O bond cleavage

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NHC-derived carbon-centered luminescent radicals with shortwavelength emission via suppression of Kasha's rule

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Science China chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2679-2685页

作者： Can chen xin li xinhua Ouyang Ying-Feng Han Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule chemistry of the Ministry of Education Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710127China College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350108China

Luminescent organic radicals have garnered increasing attention owing to their versatile applications in sensing, imaging, and organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs), attributed to their unique emission properties originating from the doublet spin ***, the natural narrow bandgap of organic free radicals typically limits their emission to the long-wavelength *** luminescent organic radicals with short-wavelength emission remains a significant challenge. Herein, a series of carbon-centered radicals with short-wavelength emission(383–476 nm) by combining N-heterocyclic carbenes with various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)(2-naphthyl, 2a~Ⅰ and 2b~Ⅰ;2-phenanthryl, 2a~Ⅱand 2b~Ⅱ;2-anthryl, 2a~Ⅲand 2b~Ⅲ;3-phenanthryl, 2a~Ⅳand 2b~Ⅳ). Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of PAHs significantly increases the ΔE_(D2-D1) in 2a^(Ⅰ–Ⅲ)and 2b^(Ⅰ–Ⅲ)compared to that in phenyl-derived radical congeners. Consequently, the internal transition from D2 to D1 is impeded, leading to a high yield of D2 emission and a suppressed Kasha's rule, thereby overcoming the limitations imposed by their narrow bandgap. For 2a~Ⅳ and 2b~Ⅳ, despite a moderately large ΔED2-D1value, the ΔED3-D1value exceeds 1 e V, indicating that their emission likely originates from the D3 state. Furthermore, we utilized 2a~Ⅲand 2b~Ⅲ as emissive materials in OLEDs,resulting in blue emissions with external quantum efficiencies of 7.5% and 6.5%, respectively.

关键词： N-heterocyclic carbenes luminescent organic molecules carbon-centered radicals short-wavelength emission

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Height and body mass index trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and prevalence of stunting,underweight and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese cities:findings from five rounds of a national survey

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 404-412页

作者： xin‑Nan Zong Hui li Ya‑Qin Zhang Department of Growth and Development Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

Background A more comprehensive assessment of growth and nutrition in children is required in China due to rapid socioeconomic *** aimed to investigate height and body mass index(BMI)trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and the prevalence of stunting and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese *** A total of 904,263 children from birth to 6.9 years were collected from a series of nationally representative surveys in *** and BMI trajectories and prevalence of stunting,underweight,overweight and obesity were *** The average height level of Chinese urban children under 7 years presented a positive secular trend from 1975 to 2015;however,a slowing tendency occurred in 2005‒*** apparent increase was observed at the 5th,50th and 95th percentiles of BMI in urban children aged 3 years and older,with a more prominent increase at the 95th *** total prevalence of stunting and underweight under 7 years was 1.4%and 2.0%,*** total prevalence of overweight and obesity under 7 years was 12.6%and 4.3%,respectively,with 12.7%and 4.9%for boys,12.6%and 3.6%for girls,12.1%and 4.0%in urban areas and 13.1%and 4.5%in suburban rural *** The average height level of Chinese urban children has reached World Health Organization child growth standards since 2005 and presented a slowing tendency in secular trend in 2005‒*** attention and efforts and public health interventions should be urgently made to combat overweight and obesity among preschool children.

关键词： Body mass index Children Height Obesity Stunting

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Influence of Sub-Cloud Secondary Evaporation Effects on the Stable Isotopes in Precipitation of Urumqi Glacier No.1,Eastern Tianshan

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 177-189页

作者： Mengyuan Song Zhongqin li Feiteng Wang xin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesTianshan Glaciological StationChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Sciences Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China

In arid regions,the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition in raindrops is often modified by sub-cloud secondary evaporation when they descend from cloud base to ground through the unsaturated *** a result of kinetic fractionation,the slope and intercept of the δ^(2)H-δ^(18)O correlation equation *** variation of deuterium excess from cloud base to the ground is often used to quantitatively evaluate the influence of secondary evaporation effect on isotopes in *** on the event-based precipitation samples collected at Urumqi Glacier No.1,eastern Tianshan during four-year observation,the existence and impact of secondary evaporation effects were analyzed by the methods of isotope-evaporation *** high air temperature,small raindrop diameter and precipitation amount,and low relative humidity conditions,the remaining rate of raindrops is small and the change of deuterium excess is large relatively,and the slope and intercept of δ^(2)H-δ^(18)O correlation equation are much lower than those of Global Meteoric Water line,which mean that the influence secondary evaporation on precipitation *** on the conditions of low air temperature,high relative humidity,heavy rainfall,and large raindrop diameter,the change of deuterium excess is small relatively and the remaining rate of raindrops is large,and the slope and intercept of δ^(2)H-δ^(18)O correlation equation increase,the secondary evaporation is *** isotope-evaporation model described a good linear correlation between changes of deuterium excess and evaporation proportion with the slope of 0.90‰/%,which indicated that an increase of 1%in evaporation may result in a decrease of deuterium excess about 0.90‰.

关键词： stable isotopes meteoric water line deuterium excess sub-cloud secondary evaporation effect precipitation glaciers

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Spacelike Framed Curves with lightlike Components and Singularities of Their Evolutes and Focal Surfaces in Minkowski 3-space

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第6期40卷 1521-1532页

作者： Peng cheng li Dong He PEI xin ZHAO School of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024P.R.China Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai 264209P.R.China School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071P.R.China

In this paper,we define the evolute and focal surface of a spacelike framed curve with lightlike components in Minkowski *** is a generalization of the previous results of regular spacelike curves,since singularities are allowed in the original spacelike curves studied by spacelike framed curves with lightlike ***,we show a new geometric invariant to characterise singularities of the focal ***,the classification theorem and recognition theorem for the singularities of the focal surface in generic are also given.

关键词： Evolutes focal surfaces spacelike framed curves singularities

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A Bird’s Eye View of Quantitative Proteome of Tumor Tissues from Lung Cancer Patients by a High Precision Mass Spectrometry Method

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chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第1期40卷 136-144页

作者： DU Xiaohui li Encheng WANG Qi YOU xin Lung Cancer Transitional Medicine Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023P.R.China Department of Scientific Research Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023P.R.China Department of Respiratory Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023P.R.China

Lung cancer produces a high incidence of malignant *** have been many studies on lung cancer using mass spectrometry(MS)***,most studies have focused on humoral *** this work,26 pairs of tissue samples(tumor ***-tumor)from patients with lung cancer were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem MS(LC-MS/MS)with data-independent acquisition *** total,3152 proteins were quantified from tissue samples with high confidence,including 189 up-regulated and 522 down-regulated proteins(tumor ***-tumor).In addition,79 and 690 proteins were identified only in para-cancerous samples and cancerous samples,*** results from bio-informatics tools indicated that altered proteins like PEBP1,HRG and LYZ could be ideal reservoirs for screening the potential biomarkers for lung *** is believed these tissue-specific proteomics results will assist in the studies of lung cancer.

关键词： Lung cancer Proteome Data-independent aquisition

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Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb and Hf Isotopes of Early Devonian Hardawu Granites in the Eastern Segment of the Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt, Northern Qaidam Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 866-877页

作者： Hua li Ming Wang Jiqing li Haikui Tong Jiaxiang Dong Minggang Tian Xiaolin chen Leguang li Ting Xie Xiong li Yuying che Qinghai Geological Survey Xining 810000China Technology Innovation Center for Exploration and Exploitation of Strategic Mineral Resources in Plateau Desert Region Ministry of Natural ResourcesXining 810000China Qinghai Geological Survey Institute Xining 810000China Geological Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan Jinan 271000China School of Earth Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The Hardawu granites in the eastern segment of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,the northern Qaidam Basin,were studied by whole-rock major and trace elements and in-situ zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic *** results show that the granites have a crystallization age of 401±3 Ma,suggesting that they were formed in the Early *** granites have SiO2 contents of 75.32 wt.%-76.05 wt.%,total alkali contents of 8.23 wt.%-8.36 wt.%,and K2O/Na2O ratios of *** were rich in K2O,poor in TiO2,MnO,MgO,and P2O5,and have A/CNK values of 1.05-1.07,Rittmann indexδvalues of 2.05-2.14,and differentiation index(DI)values of *** are high potassium calc-alkaline,weakperaluminum,and highly differentiated I-type *** granites also show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(liLE)such as Rb,Ba,and Th,and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSE)such as Nb,Ta,and *** total REE concentrations range from 169 ppm to 232 ppm,with enrichments of light rare earth elements and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.39-0.55).The zirconεHf(t)values range from-0.65 to-2.29,and the two-stage model ages(tDM2)changed within a small range of 1.44 to 1.54 Ga,indicating that the magma of the Hardawu granites was originated from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crustal *** with previous studies,we suggest that the Hardawu granites were formed in the extensional tectonic setting after the collision between the Qaidam Block and the central and southern Qilian Block in the Early Devonian.

关键词： granite Early Devonian petrogenesis tectonic implication Qaidam Basin geochemistry

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