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Ionic liquid [bmim][BF_4] as a Green Medium for Passerini Reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2006年第5期17卷 578-580页

作者： xin ying zhang Yah zhen li xue sen fan gui rong qu jian ji wang xue yuan hu School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007

The Passerini three-component reaction of carboxylic acid, aromatic aldehyde and isocyanide was carried out smoothly and efficiently in ionic liquid [bmim]BF4. Through this reaction, a series of α-acyloxycarboxamides were obtained in high yields. Advantages of this proccedure include a green nature, high efficiency and operational simplicity

关键词： Passerini reaction acyloxycarboxamides ionic liquid green synthesis.

A novel synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives through multi-component reaction in ionic liquid

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第2期19卷 153-156页

作者： xin ying zhang Xiao yan li xue sen fan Xia wang jian ji wang gui rong qu School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 PR China

An efficient and novel procedure for the preparation of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives through multi-component reaction of aldehyde, 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole and malononitrile or cyanoacetate in [bmim][BF4] is described in this paper. Advantages of the method presented here include mild conditions, high yields together with a green nature and ease of recovery and reuse of the reaction medium.

关键词： Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Multi-component reaction Ionic liquid

CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao jianshe Cao Antoine Chance xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen hua-xing Chen huirun Chen jinhui Chen ji-yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng huajie Cheng Shan Cheng Tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi ling-Yun Dai xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong jianin AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui University HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu University Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Bandirma Beihang University Beijing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research Institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal University Beijing Brown University ProvidenceRI Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo University Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central China Normal University WuhanHubei Central South University ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan China academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan China building materials academy Beijing China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China jiliang University HangzhouZhejiang China Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing China University of Geosciences Beijing China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei China University of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu China West Normal University NanchongSichuan Chongqing University Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn University Bangkok City University of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Cornell University IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhu&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian Minzu University DalianLiaoning Dalian University of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP jiNR) Dubna East China University Of Science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

离子液体介质中FeCl_3·6H_2O催化下芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮的缩合反应

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有机化学 2005年第11期25卷 1482-1486页

作者：范学森李艳贞张新迎胡雪原王键吉河南师范大学化学与环境科学学院河南省环境污染控制重点实验室新乡453007

考察了在离子液体1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim][BF4])介质中,芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮的缩合反应.实验结果表明,在催化量的FeCl3?6H2O存在下,该反应可高产率地生成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物3;而在TMSCl/FeCl3?6H2O复合催化... 详细信息

考察了在离子液体1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim][BF4])介质中,芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮的缩合反应.实验结果表明,在催化量的FeCl3?6H2O存在下,该反应可高产率地生成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物3;而在TMSCl/FeCl3?6H2O复合催化体系的催化下,则得到氧杂蒽二酮类化合物的开环衍生物4,反应具有非常好的选择性.该论文提供的方法操作简单、产率高、选择性好而且对环境友好.在反应结束后,所用催化剂及离子液体都很容易回收,并能有效重复使用.

关键词： FeCl3·6H2O 离子液体氧杂蒽二酮催化复合催化体系缩合反应 FeCl3 液体介质环己二酮芳香醛

An Efficient and Green Preparation of 9-Arylacridine-1,8-dione Derivatives

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An Efficient and Green Preparation of 9-Arylacridine-1,8-dio...

Association of Overlapped and Un-overlapped Comorbidities with COVID-19 Severity and Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nine Provinces in China

中国化学会第四届有机化学学术会议

作者： fan,xue-sen li, yan-zhen zhang, xin-ying wang, jian-ji hu,xue-yuan (Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, xinxiang 453007)

＜正＞Recently, room temperature ionic liquids have shown great predominance as green reaction media in the realm of synthetic organic chemistry due to their favorable properties, such as non-volatile, non-explosive, recyclable, easy to handle and thermally robust. 9-Arylacridine-1,8-dione derivatives, which have been reported to be used as laser dyes with very high lasing efficiencies, were prepared in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium

关键词：

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期33卷 893-905页

作者： MA yan Zhu Dong Shan CHEN Ren Bo SHI Nan Nan liU Si Hong fan Yi Pin WU gui hui yanG Pu Ye BAI jiang Feng CHEN Hong CHEN li ying FENG Qiao GUO Tuan Mao HOU Yong hu gui Fen hu Xiao Mei hu Yun Hong huANG jin huANG Qiu hua huANG Shao zhen ji liang jiN Hai Hao LEI Xiao li Chun yan li Min Qing li qun Tang li Xian Yong liU Hong De liU jin Ping liU zhang MA Yu Ting MAO Ya MO liu Fen NA hui wang jing Wei SONG fang li SUN Sheng wang Dong Ting wang Ming Xuan wang Xiao yan wang Yin zhen wang Yu Dong WU Wei WU Lan Ping XIAO yan hua XIE Hai Jun XU Hong Ming XU Shou fang xue Rui Xia yanG Chun yanG Kai Jun yuan Sheng li zhang Gong Qi zhang jin Bo zhang lin Song ZHAO Shu sen ZHAO Wan ying zhenG Kai ZHOU ying Chun Zhu Jun Teng Zhu Tian Qing zhang hua Min wang yan Ping wang Yong yan 无 Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Centre for Health Management and Policy Research School of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012ShandongChina Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Department of Tuberculosis The Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengdu 610066SichuanChina Department of Infectious Disease Shaanxi Infectious Disease HospitalXi'an 610113ShaanxiChina Department of Infectious Disease Yulin Chinese Medicine HospitalYulin 719000ShaanxiChina President's Office The First Hospital of QiqiharQiqihar 161005HeilongjiangChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shangluo Central HospitalShangluo 726000ShaanxiChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The People's Hospital of QitaiheQitaihe 154603HeilongjiangChina Department of Scientific Research Xianyang Central HospitalXianyang 712000ShaanxiChina Department of traditional Chinese medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012AnhuiChina Department of Infectious Disease Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi 046000ShanxiChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Langfang Hospital of Chinese MedicineLangfang 065000HeibeiChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xingtai Hospital of Chinese MedicineXingtai 054001HeibeiChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanning 168600GuangxiChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The First People'sHospital of FangchenggangFangchenggang 538001GuangxiChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineMianyang 621000SichuanChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Liuzhou People's HospitalLiuzhou 545006GansuChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medici

Objective Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains *** A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95% CI) of the associations between comorbidities(cardiometabolic or non-cardiometabolic diseases), clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of *** Overall, 158(13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32(2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension(2.87, 1.30–6.32), type 2 diabetes(T2 DM)(3.57, 2.32–5.49),cardiovascular disease(CVD)(3.78, 1.81–7.89), fatty liver disease(7.53, 1.96–28.96), hyperlipidemia(2.15, 1.26–3.67), other lung diseases(6.00, 3.01–11.96), and electrolyte imbalance(10.40, 3.00–26.10)were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2 DM(6.07, 2.89–12.75), CVD(8.47,6.03–11.89), and electrolyte imbalance(19.44, 11.47–32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission(5.46,3.25–9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes(6.58, 1.46–29.64) within two *** Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.

关键词： Comorbidities COVID-19 Severity Gender Age Treatment outcome

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population:Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort(4C)Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期34卷 9-18页

作者： Zhu yuan Yue zhenG Rui Zhi wang gui Xia CHEN li SHI li xin SU Qing XU Min XU Yu CHEN Yu Hong YU xue Feng yan li wang Tian Ge ZHAO Zhi Yun QIN gui Jun WAN Qin CHEN Gang GAO zheng Nan SHEN Fei Xia LUO Zuo jie QIN ying Fen huO Ya Nan li Qiang YE zhen zhang Yin Fei liU Chao wang You Min WU Sheng li yanG Tao DENG hua Cong ZHAO jia Jun CHEN Lu Lu MU Yi Ming TANG Xu Lei hu Ru ying wang Wei Qing NING Guang li Mian LU jie li BI Yu fang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineRuijin Hospital.Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghai 200025China The First Hospital of jilin University Changchun 130021JinlinChina Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012ShandongChina Affiliated Hospital of guiyang Medical College Guiyang 550004GuizhouChina xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092China Tongji Hospital.Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030HubeiChina Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120GuangdongChina The First Affiliated Hospital of zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052HenanChina The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 646099SichuanChina Fujian Provincial Hospital Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350001FujianChina Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Dalian 116003LiaoningChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000ZhejiangChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021GuangxiChina jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University Nanchang 330006JiangxiChina The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086HeilongjiangChina Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou 310051ZhejiangChina Central Hospital of Shanghai jiading District Shanghai 201800China jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine Nanjing 210028JiangsuChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022AnhuiChina Karamay Municipal

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains *** aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese *** The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid *** nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive *** A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current *** additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and *** thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.

关键词： Cross-sectional study Serum uric acid Glycemic index Glycemic status

离子液体中4-芳基-7,7-二甲基-5-氧代-3,4,5,6,7,8-六氢香豆素的绿色合成

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河南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2006年第4期34卷 99-101,105页

作者：李艳贞苏永祥薛万新范学森张新迎渠桂荣河南师范大学化学与环境科学学院河南省环境污染控制重点实验室河南新乡453007 焦作大学生化与环境工程系河南焦作454003

以离子液体[bmim]BF4为介质,通过芳香醛(1)、麦氏酸(2)和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(3)的3组分反应,采用一锅法制得了一系列4-芳基-7,7-二甲基-5-氧代-3,4,5,6,7,8-六氢香豆素(4).该方法反应条件温和,操作简便,产物易分离,产率高,环境友好... 详细信息

以离子液体[bmim]BF4为介质,通过芳香醛(1)、麦氏酸(2)和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(3)的3组分反应,采用一锅法制得了一系列4-芳基-7,7-二甲基-5-氧代-3,4,5,6,7,8-六氢香豆素(4).该方法反应条件温和,操作简便,产物易分离,产率高,环境友好,且反应介质离子液体可方便地回收并重复使用.

关键词：离子液体六氢香豆素化合物绿色合成

Consensus statement on layout and delivery of automatic external defibrillator in China

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Journal of Hainan Medical University 2020年第15期26卷 18-23页

作者： Yu Cao Song Chen yan-Fen Chai Xiao-hui Chen Yu-Guo Chen Shao-Wen Cheng Wen-Wei Cheng Bang-Han Ding yang Deng jie Fu Bang-jiang fang Mai-ying fan li gui Ping Gong Wei Guo Shu-Bin Guo liang huang ji-yuan Han Zhong ji Xian-Fei ji xin-Cai ji Hong-Xu jin xin-Jun jiang wang-Xiang jiang jia-liang liu Xiao-Ran liu Zhi liu Chuan-Zhu Lv Feng Lu Tan-Shi li xin li Yong li Shang-Lun li Shuang-Ming li Xiao-Gang li Bao-Jun li Pei-Wu li Chun-Sheng li Zhi-Jun li Chang-Luo li Xiang-Min li Yin-Ping li Zong-Jun Lu Zu-Xun Lu Zhong-Qiu Lu Zhi-Qian Luo Xiao-xing liao jian-Bo Lei Tao Ma Yu Ma Yue-Feng Ma Qing-Bian Ma lin-Hao Ma Jun-Qi Ma Shi-Nan Nie jie-Miao Ou-yang Peng Peng Qiao Pei Shu-Ming Pan Guo-Zhong Qing li-jie Qin Wu-ying Qiao Fei Shao Wei Song xing-Yue Song zhen-Ju Song rong-Ju Sun De-Ya Shang Du-Juan Sha gui-Lan Tao Guo-Gang Tian ying-Ping Tian jian-Guang Tian Chao-yang Tong Zi-Ren Tang Meng-Xiong Tang Guo-Ping Wu Zhi Wan Tao wang xin wang Peng wang Zhong wang Tong wang Ri-xing wang Yi-xin wang Xiao-Dan wang ling Wu Wei Wei hua Xiang Feng Xu Jun Xu jie Xu Miao-rong Xie Shuo-gui Xu Tie Xu Feng Yu Wen Yi li-Shan yang Shi-jiao yan jin-jian Yao Shou-Chun yan xue-Zhong Yu Xian-Zhi Ye Xian-liang yan Fu-Bing Zhou rong-Bin Zhou Ming Zhou Qiang Zhou jin Zhou Ping Zhou Chang-Ju Zhu hua-Dong Zhu ji-Hong Zhu Hong zhang Mao zhang hua zhang Na zhang Guo-Qiang zhang Guo-Xiu zhang jin-Song zhang Wen-Wu zhang Wen-Zhong zhang jian-Feng zhang Yi-Min Zhu Jun Zeng yuan zheng Zhi-jie zheng Shen Zhao yan Zhao Min Zhao Bin Zhao Xiao-Dong Zhao Xiao-jing Zhao Hong-Ke Zeng Sheng-Qiang Zou The Chinese Society of Emergency Medicine Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesHainan Medical University Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainanChina Emergency and Trauma College Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainanChina Department of Emergency Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainanChina Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue Key Laboratory of Trauma of Hainan Medical University

*** Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac *** is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].

关键词： cardiac death respiratory