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晚清论域中的卢梭式“民约”问题——基于“国民”概念的思想史考察

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山东行政学院学报 2024年第3期 77-85页

作者：谢丽萍刘云鹏复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院上海200433 南京大学政府管理学院南京210046

近代中国“国民”概念研究多追溯至晚清,学界主要沿着从臣民到国民的叙事路径展开论述。对于化臣民为国民的概念演进是否为晚清知识精英因应具体现实问题而提出的思想进路,就需要回到“国民”概念提出的思想背景进行分析。卢梭民约论传... 详细信息

近代中国“国民”概念研究多追溯至晚清,学界主要沿着从臣民到国民的叙事路径展开论述。对于化臣民为国民的概念演进是否为晚清知识精英因应具体现实问题而提出的思想进路,就需要回到“国民”概念提出的思想背景进行分析。卢梭民约论传入晚清中国是重要的思想史事件,其进入晚清论域后改变了知识精英对传统政治的理解。晚清知识精英吸收卢梭民约论中的“奴隶”论述,将“国民”塑造为要摆脱奴性争取自由的政治意象,挑战君民关系的传统基础,进而通过民约论述构建“国”与“民”之间的关联,由此形成晚清中国思考民约问题过程中不同于西洋的思想进路。然而,在晚清论域中,“国民”概念提出的缘由并不是针对“臣民”,而是一种告别“奴隶”的尝试。

关键词：国民卢梭民约奴隶臣民

Expression of Pref-1 and Related Chemokines during the Development of Rat Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期31卷 507-514页

作者： PENG Yan JIA li Min li Bao Xin xie li ping xie Zun Jiang ZHENG Jin Hua Department of Anatomy Basic Medical Science College Harbin Medical University Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy College Harbin Medical University

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Pref-1~＋ adipocyte progenitor cells to mobilize into mesenteric lymph nodes（MLNs） and the dynamic expression of related chemokines during the development of rat MLNs. Methods Immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect the expression of Pref-1 and related chemokines. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） was used to observe the changes in ultrastructure of MLNs. Results Cells containing lipid droplets were found in all rat MLNs at embryonic day（E） 18.5, 2 and 6 weeks（w） after birth, and they were similar to fibroblastic reticular cells（FRCs） or follicular dendritic cells（FDCs） under TEM. Pref-1~＋ adipocyte progenitor cells were found in all MLNs. The expression level of Pref-1 was significantly increased at 2 w after birth and decreased at 6 w after birth. The tendency of Cxcl12 expression was consistent with that of Pref-1 and was positively correlated with the expression of Pref-1（P 〈 0.01; r = 0.897）. At E18.5, Cxcl13, and Ccr7 were significantly expressed in the MLN anlage, but the expression level of Ccl21 was low. The expression level of Cxcl13, Ccr7, and Ccl21 in MLN were significantly increased at 2 w after birth（P 〈 0.05）, while the expression of Ccr7 and Ccl21 were significantly decreased at 6 w after birth（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Adipocyte progenitor cells are involved in the rat MLNs development through differentiation into FRC and FDC. The expression of the relevant chemokines during the development of MLNs is dynamic and may be related to the maintenance of lymph nodes self-balance state.

关键词： Mesenteric lymph nodes Development Rat Ultrastructure Adipocyte progenitor cells Chemokines

Petatrichol B: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid with Unusual Skeleton from Petasites tricholobus

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2005年第10期16卷 1351-1353页

作者： Wei Dong xie ping lin li Zhong Jian JIA College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering National Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000

A novel pentacyclic triterpenoid, petatrichol B, was isolated from the rhizome of Petasites tricholobus. Its structure was established by means of spectroscopic analysis （EIMS, HRSIMS, IR, 1D NMR and 2D NMR）.

关键词： Petasites tricholobus Compositae triterpenoid petatrichol B.

Effect of wastewater treatment processes on the pyrolysis properties of the pyrolysis tars from sewage sludges

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第2期20卷 167-172页

作者： Wu Xia xie li-ping li Xin-yu Dai Xiao-hong Fei Xue-ning Yuan-guangt School of Environment ＆ Chemical Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300160 China Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction Tianjin 300384 China

The pyrolysis properties of five different pyrolysis tars, which the tars from 1# to 5# are obtained by pyrolyzing the sewage sludges of anaerobic digestion and indigestion from the A2/O wastewater treatment process, those from the activated sludge process and the indigested sludge from the continuous SBR process respectively, were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere. The results show that the pyrolysis processes of the pyrolysis tars of 1#, 2#, 3# and 5# all can be divided into four stages: the stages of light organic compounds releasing, heavy polar organic compounds decomposition, heavy organic compounds decomposition and the residual organic compounds decomposition. However, the process of 4# pyrolysis tar is only divided into three stages: the stages of light organic compounds releasing, decomposition of heavy polar organic compounds and the residual heavy organic compounds respectively. Both the sludge anaerobic digestion and the "anaerobic" process in wastewater treatment processes make the content of light organic compounds in tars decrease, but make that of heavy organic compounds with complex structure increase. Besides, both make the pyrolysis properties of the tars become worse. The pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of the five pyrolysis tars have been studied with Coats-Redfern equation. It shows that there are the same mechanism functions in the first stage for the five tars and in the second and third stage for the tars of 1#, 2#, 3# and 5#, which is different with the function in the second stage for 4# tar. The five tars are easy to volatile.

关键词： sewage sludge pyrolysis tar pyrolysis wastewater treatment process anaerobic digestion

Asymmetric synthesis of pedamide using I_2-induced heterocyclization to construct the skeleton

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第7期20卷 775-778页

作者： De Gang liu Ji Jun Xue Zhi Xiang xie li ping Wei Hua Bing Zhang Ying li State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 PR China

An alternative approach to synthesize pedamide, a key building block of pederin was described. Iodine-induced asymmetric heterocyclization was used as the key step to construct the skeleton, a tetrahydropyran ring with three chiral centers. Brown＇s asymmetric allylation and Lewis acid-mediated allylation were investigated to introduce chains and chiral alcohols. Sharpless dihydroxylation decorated the side chain. And high optically pure target was obtained by removing the epimers formed in these reactions on column chromatography.C2009 Ji Jun Xue. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.

关键词： Synthesis Pedamide Pederin

Expression and functional characterization of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like gene

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第12期16卷 1465-1472页

作者： Guo, Feng-Jie Zhang, Wei-Jia li, Ya-lin liu, Yan li, Yue-Hui Huang, Jian Wang, Jia-Jia xie, ping-li li, Guan-Cheng Cent S Univ Xiangya Sch Med Canc Res Inst Changsha 410078 Hunan Peoples R China

AIM:To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like gene(PDGFRL)in the anti-cancer therapy for colorectal cancers(CRC).METHODS:PDGFRL mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunohistochemistry in CRC and colorectal normal *** prokaryotic expression vector was carried out in Escherichia coli(***),and purified by immobilized metal affinity *** effect of PDGFRL protein on CRC HCT-116 cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT),clone counting,cell cycle,and wound healing ***:Both RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PDGFRL in colorectal normal tissues was higher than in cancer *** pET22b-PDGFRL prokaryotic expression vector was successfully expressed in ***,and the target protein was expressed in the form of inclusion *** purification and refolding,recombinant human PDGFRL(rhPDGFRL)could efficiently inhibit the proliferation and invasion of CRC HCT-116 cells detected by MTT,clone counting and wound healing ***,rhPDGFRL arrested HCT-116 cell cycling at the G0/G1 ***:PDGFRL is a potential gene for application in the anti-cancer therapy for CRC.

关键词： Platelet-derived growth factor receptorlike Colorectal cancer Prokaryotic expression Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Immunohistochemistry

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy after liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第4期9卷 438-440页

作者： Zhu, Hai-Bing Jin, Yue Xu, Shao-Ting Xia, Ya-Xian xie, li-ping Zhejiang Univ Sch Med Affiliated Hosp 1 Dept Urol Hangzhou 310003 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Sch Med Affiliated Hosp 1 Dept Obstet & Gynecol Hangzhou 310003 Zhejiang Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: The number of females who undergo liver transplantation is growing and sometimes gynecologic operations are needed to control gynecologic diseases after liver transplantation. METHOD: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed in 2 patients who had undergone liver transplantation, one for adenomyosis and the other for hysteromyoma. RESULTS: It was safe to create a pneumoperitoneum through the umbilical skinfold even though mild adhesion in the pelvic cavity occurred in one patient. The operative times were 95 and 90 minutes, with blood loss of about 100 and 60 ml, respectively. Oral intake, flatus passage, and ambulation recovered within a day, after the operation. No significant changes in liver function were observed except complication of diarrhea caused by Candida albicans in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: The result of the two patients suggest that total laparoscopic hysterectomy is a safe and effective surgical approach for patients who have undergone liver transplantation.

关键词： total laparoscopic hysterectomy liver transplantation immunosuppression

Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of S1,a tetrandrine derivative,in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2016年第7期14卷 527-533页

作者： LEI Rong-Rong HU Hai-Feng BAI Fan liU Ying WU Chun-Zhen HUANG Xiao-Xing xie li-ping HU You-Jia Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai 200040China Sinopharm Health Industry Research Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200040China The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden Kochi 4200-6Japan

[ABSTRACT] The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects of S1, a novel tetrandrine derivative, in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and explore the possible mechanism of action. The anti-proliferative activity was determined by MTT assay; the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Quantitative real time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels in mitochondrial pathway. SI significantly reduced cell viability and induced a G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manner. Further studies showed that S1 increased mRNA and protein expression of Bax and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, S1 decreased the protein expression of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3, suggesting that the induction of apoptosis may be related to the alteration of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activation of caspases. These findings suggested that S1 merits further investigation as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of human gastric cancer.

关键词： Tetrandrine derivative BGC-823 cells G2/M phase arrest Apoptosis

Elemene Antitumor Drugs Development Based on "Molecular Compatibility Theory" and Clinical Application: A Retrospective and Prospective Outlook

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 62-74页

作者： JIANG Xiao-ying SHI li-ping ZHU Jun-long BAI Ren-ren xie Tian School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou(311121)China Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese MedicinesCollaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou(311121)China Good Clinical Practice Center Affliliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing(210000)China

Elemene, derived from Curcuma wenyujin, one of the "8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province," exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors. Dr. xie Tian introduced the innovative concept of "molecular compatibility theory" by combining Chinese medicine principles, specifically the "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy" theory, with modern biomedical technology. This groundbreaking approach, along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge, led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations. These novel formulations offer numerous advantages, including low toxicity, well-defined composition, synergistic effects on multiple targets, and excellent biocompatibility. Following the principles of the "molecular compatibility theory", further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms, recent clinical investigations, advancements in drug delivery systems, and structural modifications. The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers, empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of "molecular compatibility theory".

关键词： molecular compatibility theory Chinese integrative medicine elemene antitumor activity drug delivery structural modification