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Future extreme climate changes linked to global warming intensity

Science Bulletin 2017年第24期62卷 1673-1680页

作者： xiaoxin wang Dabang Jiang Xianmei Lang Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Joint Laboratory for Climate and Environmental Change at Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) daily dataset, we investigate changes of the terrestrial extreme climates given that the global mean temperature increases persistently under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5(RCP8.5) scenario. Compared to preindustrial conditions, more statistically significant extreme temperatures, precipitations, and dry spells are expected in the 21 st century. Cold extremes decrease and warm extremes increase in a warmer world, and cold extremes tend to be more sensitive to global warming than the warm ones. When the global mean temperature increases, cold nights, cold days, and warm nights all display nonlinear relationships with it,such as the weakening of the link projected after 3 °C global warming, while the other indices generally exhibit differently, with linear relationships. Additionally, the relative changes in the indices related to extreme precipitation show significantly consistent linear changes with the global warming *** with the precipitation extremes, changes in temperature extremes are more strongly related to the global mean temperature changes. For the projection of the extreme precipitation changes, models show higher uncertainty than that in extreme temperature changes, and the uncertainty for the precipitation extremes becomes more remarkable when the global warming exceeds 5 °C.

关键词： Projection Global warming Climate extremes Linkage Uncertainty

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Climate Change of 4℃ Global Warming above Pre-industrial Levels

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 757-770页

作者： xiaoxin wang Dabang JIANG Xianmei LANG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of lnformation Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Joint Laboratory for Climate and Environmental Change at Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Using a set of numerical experiments from 39 CMIP5 climate models, we project the emergence time for 4？C global warming with respect to pre-industrial levels and associated climate changes under the RCP8.5 greenhouse gas concentration scenario. Results show that, according to the 39 models, the median year in which 4？C global warming will occur is *** on the median results of models that project a 4？C global warming by 2100, land areas will generally exhibit stronger warming than the oceans annually and seasonally, and the strongest enhancement occurs in the Arctic, with the exception of the summer season. Change signals for temperature go outside its natural internal variabilities globally, and the signal-tonoise ratio averages 9.6 for the annual mean and ranges from 6.3 to 7.2 for the seasonal mean over the globe, with the greatest values appearing at low latitudes because of low noise. Decreased precipitation generally occurs in the subtropics, whilst increased precipitation mainly appears at high latitudes. The precipitation changes in most of the high latitudes are greater than the background variability, and the global mean signal-to-noise ratio is 0.5 and ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 for the annual and seasonal means, respectively. Attention should be paid to limiting global warming to 1.5？C, in which case temperature and precipitation will experience a far more moderate change than the natural internal variability. Large inter-model disagreement appears at high latitudes for temperature changes and at mid and low latitudes for precipitation changes. Overall, the intermodel consistency is better for temperature than for precipitation.

关键词： 4℃ global warming timing climate change signal-to-noise ratio uncertainty

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Emerging technologies in Si active photonics

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第6期39卷 1-29页

作者： xiaoxin wang Jifeng Liu Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College

Silicon photonics for synergistic electronic-photonic integration has achieved remarkable progress in the past two decades. Active photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, and photodetectors, are the key chal- lenges for Si photonics to meet the requirement of high bandwidth and low power consumption in photonic datalinks. Here we review recent efforts and progress in high-performance active photonic devices on Si, focusing on emerging technologies beyond conventional foundry-ready Si photonics devices. For emerging laser sources, we will discuss recent progress towards efficient monolithic Ge lasers, mid-infrared GeSn lasers, and high-per- formance InAs quantum dot lasers on Si for data center applications in the near future. We will then review novel modulator materials and devices beyond the free carrier plasma dispersion effect in Si, including GeSi and graphene electro-absorption modulators and plasmonic-organic electro-optical modulators, to achieve ultralow power and high speed modulation. Finally, we discuss emerging photodetectors beyond epitaxial Ge p-i-n photo- diodes, including GeSn mid-infrared photodetectors, all-Si plasmonic Schottky infrared photodetectors, and Si quanta image sensors for non-avalanche, low noise single photon detection and photon counting. These emerging technologies, though still under development, could make a significant impact on the future of large-scale electron- icSilicon photonics for synergistic electronic-photonic integration has achieved remarkable progress in the past two decades. Active photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, and photodetectors, are the key challenges for Si photonics to meet the requirement of high bandwidth and low power consumption in photonic datalinks. Here we review recent efforts and progress in high-performance active photonic devices on Si, focusing on emerging tech- nologies beyond conventional foundry-ready Si photonics devices. For emerging laser sources, we will discuss re- c

关键词： silicon photonics laser modulator photodetector single photon detection electronic-photonic integ- ration

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An optical slot-antenna-coupled cavity (SAC) framework towards tunable free-space graphene photonic surfaces

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Nano Research 2021年第5期14卷 1364-1373页

作者： Sidan Fu xiaoxin wang Haozhe wang Xiaoxue Gao Kurt Broderick Jing Kong Jifeng Liu Thayer school of Engineering Dartmouth College14 Engineering DriveHanoverNew Hampshire03755USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMassachusetts02139USA

The optical conductivity of single layer graphene (SLG) can be significantly and reversibly modified when the Fermi level is tuned by electrical gating. However, so far this interesting property has rarely been applied to free-space two-dimensional (2D) photonic devices because the surface-incident absolute absorption of SLG is limited to 1%–2%. No significant change in either reflectance or transmittance would be observed even if SLG is made transparent upon gating. To achieve significantly enhanced surface-incident optical absorption in SLG in a device structure that also allows gating, here we embed SLG in an optical slot-antenna-coupled cavity (SAC) framework, simultaneously enhancing SLG absorption by up to 20 times and potentially enabling electrical gating of SLG as a step towards tunable 2D photonic surfaces. This framework synergistically integrates near-field enhancement induced by ultrahigh refractive index semimetal slot-antenna with broadband resonances in visible and infrared regimes, ~ 3 times more effective than a vertical cavity structure alone. An example of this framework consists of self-assembled, close-packed Sn nanodots separated by ~ 10 nm nanogaps on a SLG/SiO2/Al stack, which dramatically increases SLG optical absorption to 10%-25% at λ = 600–1,900 nm. The enhanced SLG absorption spectrum can also be controlled by the insulator thickness. For example, SLG embedded in this framework with a 150 nm-thick SiO2 insulating layer displays a distinctive red color in contrast to its surrounding regions without SLG on the same sample under white light illumination. This opens a potential path towards gate-tunable spectral reflectors. Overall, this work initiates a new approach towards tunable 2D photonic surfaces.

关键词： optical slot-antenna-coupled cavity(SAC) ultrahigh refractive index graphene photon management tunable two-dimensional(2D)photonic surfaces

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Aerodynamic map for soft and hard hypersonic level flight in near space

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2009年第4期25卷 571-575页

作者： Ruifeng Hu Ziniu Wu Zhe Wu xiaoxin wang Zhongwei Tian School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China School of Aerospace Tsinghua University Beijing China

In this note, we design a velocity-altitude map for hypersonic level flight in near space of altitude 20-100 km. This map displays aerodynamic-related parameters associated with near space level flight, schematically or quantitatively. Various physical conditions for the near-space level flight are then characterized, including laminar or turbulent flow, rarefaction or continuous flow, aerodynamic heating, as well as conditions for sustaining level flight with and without orbital effect. This map allows one to identify conditions to have soft flight or hard flight, and this identification would be helpful for making correct planning on detailed studies of aerodynamics or making initial design of near space vehicles.

关键词： Near space Aerodynamics Hypersonic Level flight Soft flow

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Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) binding-mediated gene regulation

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Cell Research 2004年第2期14卷 111-116页

作者： Gan wang, xiaoxin SXU Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 2727 Second Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit USA

Peptide nucleic acids （PNAs） are synthetic oligonucleotides with chemically modified backbones. PNAs can bind to both DNA and RNA targets in a sequence-specific manner to form PNA/DNA and PNA/RNA duplex structures. When bound to double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） targets, the PNA molecule replaces one DNA strand in the duplex by strand invasion to form a PNA/DNA/PNA [or （PNA）2/DNA] triplex structure and the displaced DNA strand exists as a singlestranded D-loop. PNA has been used in many studies as research tools for gene regulation and gene targeting. The Dloops generated from the PNA binding have also been demonstrated for its potential in initiating transcription and inducing gene expression. PNA provides a powerful tool to study the mechanism of transcription and an innovative strategy to regulate target gene expression. An understanding of the PNA-mediated gene regulation will have important clinical implications in treatment of many human diseases including genetic, cancerous, and age-related diseases.

关键词： peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) PNA binding single-stranded D-loop transcription initiation.

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Dynamic changes and early predictive value of branchedchain amino acids in gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy

Dynamic changes and early predictive value of branchedchain ...

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中国营养学会第十五届全国营养科学大会

作者： xiaoxin wang guanghui li Department of Obstetrics Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital

Branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs) have long been regarded as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM), but their roles in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) are still controversial. This study aims to explore the dynamic changes of BCAAs during pregnancy and identify potential early biomarkers for GDM. Methods As a prospective nested case-control study, 49 women with GDM and 50 ageand body mass index(BMI)-matched healthy pregnant women were enrolled. The serum levels of BCAAs, including valine(Val), isoleucine(Ile), and leucine(Leu) were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the first trimester(8-12 weeks) and second trimester(24-28 weeks). The dynamic changes of BCAAs were monitored in both GDM cases and normal controls, and the association between BCAAs and GDM was determined. Results The serum levels of Val, Ile, and Leu were significantly higher in GDM patients than in the controls in the first trimester. Compared with the first trimester, the serum levels of Val, Ile, and Leu in GDM patients were significantly decreased in the second trimester. In the control group, the serum levels of Ile and Leu were significantly higher in the second trimester than in the first trimester. In addition, Val, Ile, and Leu in the first trimester were the risk factors for GDM, and Ile presented a high predictive value for GDM. Ile + age(≥ 35) + BMI(≥ 24) in the first trimester exhibited the highest predictive value for GDM(AUC = 0.902, sensitivity = 93.9%, specificity = 80%). Conclusion Maternal serum Ile in the first trimester was a valuable biomarker for GDM. Ile combined with advanced maternal age and overweight could be used for the early prediction of GDM.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Gestational diabetes mellitus First trimester of pregnancy Prediction Biomarkers

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Modeling and Real-ti me Performance Analysis of Switched Ethernet by Network Calculus

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工程科学（英文版） 2005年第4期3卷 74-77页

作者： wang xiaoxin Liu Luyuan Liu Kun Ma Jinyan School of Electrical ＆ Automation Engineering of Tianjin University Tianjin 300072

The real-time performance of switched Ethernet is a hot research field. However, there isn’t any effective modeling to describe it until now. Through analyzing the structure of classical switch, a switch model by network calculus is proposed, in which the data flow is divided into real-time flow and non real-time flow and the arrival curve, service curve, the max delay and max storage needed are got. The max delay provides theory direction for transmitting real-time data in switched Ethernet and the max storage provides the theory reference for constructing switch in real-time industrial Ethernet.

关键词：交换以太网网络计算实时性能网络结构

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Mechanical stretching boosts expansion and regeneration of intestinal organoids through fueling stem cell self-renewal

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Cell Regeneration 2022年第1期11卷 399-412页

作者： Fanlu Meng Congcong Shen Li Yang Chao Ni Jianyong Huang Kaijun Lin Zanxia Cao Shicai Xu Wanling Cui xiaoxin wang Bailing Zhou Chunyang Xiong Jihua wang Bing Zhao Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics Institute of BiophysicsDezhou UniversityDezhou 253023China Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesOujiang LaboratoryWenzhou 325000ZhejiangChina

Intestinal organoids,derived from intestinal stem cell self-organization,recapitulate the tissue structures and behav-iors of the intestinal epithelium,which hold great potential for the study of developmental biology,disease modeling,and regenerative *** intestinal epithelium is exposed to dynamic mechanical forces which exert profound effects on gut ***,the conventional intestinal organoid culture system neglects the key role of mechanical microenvironments but relies solely on biological ***,we show that adding cyclic stretch to intestinal organoid cultures remarkably up-regulates the signature gene expression and proliferation of intestinal stem ***,mechanical stretching stimulates the expansion of SOX9+progenitors by activating the Wnt/β-Catenin *** data demonstrate that the incorporation of mechanical stretch boosts the stemness of intestinal stem cells,thus benefiting organoid *** findings have provided a way to optimize an organoid generation system through understanding cross-talk between biological and mechanical factors,paving the way for the application of mechanical forces in organoid-based models.

关键词： Mechanical stretching Intestinal organoid Lgr5+stem cell Regeneration Wnt/β-catenin signaling

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王阳明为学历程探析

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广西民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2007年第4期29卷 113-117页

作者：王晓昕贵阳学院

以"龙场悟道"及其之前的"为学"诸变为题,根据阳明《年谱》及相关记述,分析王阳明的为学历程,是"三变"、"四变"还是"五变"的话题。

关键词：王阳明为学历程三变四变五变

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