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Cost-effective natural graphite reengineering technology for lithium ion batteries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第1期35卷 547-551页

作者： Pei Liu Hongbin Wang Tao Huang Liewu Li Wei Xiong Shaoluan Huang Xiangzhong Ren xiaoping ouyang Jiangtao Hu Qianling Zhang Jianhong Liu Graphene Composite Research Center College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Eigen-Equation Graphene Technology Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

Graphite tailings produced by natural graphite is usually regarded as garbage to be buried underground,which would result in a certain waste of resources.Here,in order to explore the utilization of natural graphite tailings(NGT),a liquid-polyacrylonitrile(LPAN)is used to modify the NGT fragments and aggregate them together to form secondary graphite particles with low surface area and high tap density.Moreover,the modified NGT show much better electrochemical performances than those of original one.When tested in full cells coupled with NMC532 cathode,the material achieves a high rate capability and cycle stability at the cutoff voltage of 4.25 V as well as 4.45 V,which maintains 84.32%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C rate(4.25 V),higher than that of the pristine one(73.65%).The enhanced performances can be attributed to the use of LPAN to create a unique carbon layer upon graphite tailings to reconstruct surface and repair defects,and also to granulate an isotropic structure of secondary graphite particles,which can help to weaken the anisotropy of Li^(+)diffusion pathway and form a uniform,complete and stable solid-electrolyte-interface(SEI)on the surface of primary NGT fragments to promote a fast Li+diffusion and suppress lithium metal dendrites upon charge and discharge.

关键词： Natural graphite Reengineering technology Liquid-polyacrylonitrile Lithium ion batteries High performance

Latest developments in room-temperature semiconductor neutron detectors: Prospects and challenges

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第3期66卷 11-31页

作者： Linyue Liu Xiao ouyang Runlong Gao Pengying Wan xiaoping ouyang State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi’an 710024China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Microelectronics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Semiconductor-based neutron-detectors are characterized by small size, high energy-resolution, good spatial resolution, and stable response(at the depletion voltage). Consequently, these neutron-detectors are important for the fields of nuclear proliferation prevention, oil exploration, monitoring neutron-scattering experiments, cancer treatments, and space radiation effect research. However, there are some well-known problems for conventional silicon-based neutron detectors: low neutron-detection efficiency and limited resistance to radiation. Therefore, critical improvements are needed to enable sufficiently effective and practical neutron detection. To address these problems, direct-conversion neutron detectors as well as wide bandgap semiconductor-based detectors have been developed and studied intensely during the past years. Significant progress with respect to detection efficiency, radiation resistance, and room temperature operation was achieved. This paper reviews the latest research highlights, remaining challenges, and emerging technologies of direct-conversion neutron detectors as well as wide-bandgap semiconductor neutron detectors. This compact review serves as a reference for researchers interested in the design and development of improved neutron detectors in the future.

关键词： fusion reaction neutron convertor neutron detectors wide bandgap semiconductor detection efficiency radiation resistance

Breaking efficiency limit of thermal concentrators by conductivity couplings

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第11期65卷 68-77页

作者： Pengfei Zhuang Liujun Xu Peng Tan xiaoping ouyang Jiping Huang Department of Physics State Key Laboratory of Surface Physicsand Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures(MOE)FudanUniversityShanghai200438China Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Materials Scienceand Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

The concentrating efficiency of a thermal concentrator can be reflected in the ratio of its interior to exterior temperature gradients,which, however, has an upper limit in existing schemes. Here, we manage to break this upper limit by considering the couplings of thermal conductivities and improve the concentrating efficiency of thermal concentrators. For this purpose, we first discuss a monolayer scheme with an isotropic thermal conductivity, which can break the upper limit but is still restricted by its geometric configuration. To go further, we explore another degree of freedom by considering the monolayer scheme with an anisotropic thermal conductivity or by adding the second shell with an isotropic thermal conductivity, thereby making the concentrating efficiency completely free from the geometric configuration. Nevertheless, apparent negative thermal conductivities are required, and we resort to external heat sources realizing the same effect without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Finite-element simulations are performed to confirm the theoretical predictions, and experimental suggestions are also provided to improve feasibility. These results may have potential applications for thermal camouflage and provide guidance to other diffusive systems such as static magnetic fields and dc current fields for achieving similar behaviors.

关键词： thermal concentrator concentrating efficiency conductivity coupling apparent negative conductivity

Black-hole-inspired thermal trapping with graded heat-conduction metadevices

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National Science Review 2023年第2期10卷 131-138页

作者： Liujun Xu Jinrong Liu Peng Jin Guoqiang Xu Jiaxin Li xiaoping ouyang Ying Li Cheng-Wei Qiu Jiping Huang Department of Physics State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE) Fudan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang University International Joint Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University

The curved space-time produced by black holes leads to the intriguing trapping effect.So far,metadevices have enabled analogous black holes to trap light or sound in laboratory spacetime.However,trapping heat in a conductive environment is still challenging because diffusive behaviors are directionless.Inspired by black holes,we construct graded heat-conduction metadevices to achieve thermal trapping,resorting to the imitated advection produced by graded thermal conductivities rather than the trivial solution of using insulation materials to confine thermal diffusion.We experimentally demonstrate thermal trapping for guiding hot spots to diffuse towards the center.Graded heat-conduction metadevices have advantages in energy-efficient thermal regulation because the imitated advection has a similar temperature field effect to the realistic advection that is usually driven by external energy sources.These results also provide an insight into correlating transformation thermotics with other disciplines,such as cosmology,for emerging heat control schemes.

关键词： thermal trapping graded metadevices imitated advection

Cs_(2)TiI_(6):A potential lead-free all-inorganic perovskite material for ultrahigh-performance photovoltaic cells and alpha-particle detection

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2697-2705页

作者： Peng Zhao Jie Su Yujia Guo Lu Wang Zhenhua Lin Yue Hao xiaoping ouyang Jingjing Chang State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of GrapheneSchool of MicroelectronicsXidian University2 South Taibai RoadXi’an 710071China Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source School of ScienceXijing UniversityXi’an 710123China State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi’an 710024China

The lead contamination and long-term stability are the two important problems limiting the commercialization of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites.In this study,through an innovative multi-scale simulation strategy based on the first-principle calculations coupling with drift-diffusion model and Monte Carlo method,a new discovery is shed on the vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs_(2)TiI_(6),a potential nontoxic and stable perovskite material for high-performance solar cell andα-particle detection.The excellent photon absorption character and ultrahigh carrier mobility(μn=2.26×10^(4)cm^(2)/Vs,μp=7.38×10^(3)cm^(2)/Vs)of Cs_(2)TiI_(6)induce ultrahigh power conversion efficiency(PCE)for both single-junction solar cell(22.70%)and monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cell(26.87%).Moreover,the outstanding device performance can be remained even in high energy charge particle detection(α-particle)with excellent charge collection efficiency(CCE=99.2%)and mobility-lifetime product(μτh=1×10^(–3)cm^(2)/V).Furthermore,to our surprise,the solar cell andα-particle detector based on Cs_(2)TiI_(6)material are able to withstand ultrahigh fluence proton beam up to 1013 and 1015 p/cm2 respectively,which strongly suggests that semiconductor devices based on Cs_(2)TiI_(6)material are able to apply in the astrospace.The multi-scale simulation connecting from material to device reveals that Cs_(2)TiI_(6)perovskite has the great potential for photovoltaic cells,α-particle detection and even their space application.

关键词： Cs_(2)TiI_(6) first-principle theory drift-diffusion model Monte Carlo method alpha-particle detection

Chemical vapor deposited diamond with versatile grades:from gemstone to quantum electronics

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2022年第1期16卷 17-54页

作者： Yuting ZHENG Chengming LI Jinlong LIU Junjun WEI Xiaotong ZHANG Haitao YE xiaoping ouyang Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology(IAMT) State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Graduate School University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Engineering University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

Chemical vapor deposited(CVD)diamond as a burgeoning multifunctional material with tailored quality and characteristics can be artificially synthesized and controlled for various applications.Correspondingly,the application-related“grade”concept associated with materials choice and design was gradually formulated,of which the availability and the performance are optimally suited.In this review,the explicit diversity of CVD diamond and the clarification of typical grades for applications,i.e.,from resplendent gem-grade to promising quantum-grade,were systematically summarized and discussed,according to the crystal quality and main consideration of ubiquitous nitrogen impurity content as well as major applications.Realizations of those,from quantum-grade with near-ideal crystal to electronic-grade having extremely low imperfections and then to optical,thermal as well as mechanical-grade needing controlled flaws and allowable impurities,would competently fulfill the multi-field application prospects with appropriate choice in terms of cost and quality.Exceptionally,wide range defects and impurities in the gem-grade diamond(only indicating single crystal),which are detrimental for technology applications,endows CVD crystals with fancy colors to challenge their natural counterparts.

关键词： CVD diamond synthesis and characterization quality and impurity grading application

Carbon materials:The burgeoning promise in electronics

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第3期29卷 404-423页

作者： Yuting Zheng Junjun Wei Jinlong Liu Liangxian Chen Kang An Xiaotong Zhang Haitao Ye xiaoping ouyang Chengming Li Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology(IAMT State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Graduate School University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Engineering University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUnited Kingdom School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

Current electronic technology based on silicon is approaching its physical and scientific limits. Carbon-based devices have numer- ous advantages for next generation electronics (e.g., fast speed, low power consumption and simple process), that when combined with the unique nature of the versatile allotropes of carbon elements, are creating an electronics revolution. Carbon electronics are greatly advancing with new preparations and sophisticated designs. In this perspective, representatives with various dimensions, e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, bulk diamond, and their extraordinary performance, are reviewed. The associated state-of-the-art devices and composite hybrid all-carbon structures are also emphasized to reveal their potential in the electronics field. Advances in commercial production have improved the cost effi-ciency, material quality, and device design, accelerating the promise of carbon materials.

关键词： carbon materials nanotube graphene diamond electronic devices

Challenges and approaches of single-crystal Ni-rich layered cathodes in lithium batteries

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 203-222页

作者： Jiangtao Hu Hongbin Wang Biwei Xiao Pei Liu Tao Huang Yongliang Li Xiangzhong Ren Qianling Zhang Jianhong Liu xiaoping ouyang Xueliang Sun Graphene Composite Research Center College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen University 2. GRINM(Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology

High energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today’s energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides(NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content(≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes.

关键词： single-crystal NMC attenuation mechanism modification strategy developing route

Investigation on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Ce-xMn(x=0 and 1)wrought magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第4期10卷 993-1003页

作者： Caihong Hou Hongshuai Cao Fugang Qi Qing Wang Lianhui Li Nie Zhao Dingfei Zhang xiaoping ouyang School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105PR China China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.Ltd. Chengdu 610000PR China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045PR China

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–0.5Ce–xMn(x=0 and 1 wt.%)wrought magnesium alloys were researched,and the morphologies and role of Mn element in the experimental alloys were analyzed.The research shows that all of Mn elements form theα-Mn pure phases,which do not participate in the formation of other phases,such as theτ-phases.The mechanical properties of Mn-containing alloys in as-extruded and aged states are superior to Mn-free alloys.During the hot extrusion process,the dispersed fineα-Mn particle phase hinders the migration of grain boundaries and inhibits dynamic recrystallization,which mainly takes effect of grain refining and dispersion hardening.During the aging treatments,the dispersed fineα-Mn particle phase not only hinders the growth of the solution-treated grains,but also becomes the nucleation cores ofβ1 rod-like precipitate phase,which is conducive to increasing the nucleation rate of the precipitate phase.For the aged alloy,the Mn addition mainly takes effect of grain refining and promoting aging strengthening.

关键词： Mg–6Zn–0.5Ce alloy Microstructure evolution Mechanical property Mn element Aging precipitation