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Regulatory functions of innate-like B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第2期10卷 113-121页

作者： Xiaoming ZHANG Unit of Innate Defense and Immune Modulation Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology I nstitut Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy ofSciences Shanghai China

Innate-like B cells （ILBs） are heterogeneous populations of unconventional B cells with innate sensing and responding properties. ILBs in mice are composed of B1 cells, marginal zone （MZ） B cells and other related B cells. ILBs maintain natural IgM levels at steady state, and after innate activation, they can rapidly acquire immune regulatory activities through the secretion of natural IgM and IL-IO. Thus, ILBs constitute an important source of IL-lO-producing regulatory B cells （Bregs）, which have been shown to play critical roles in autoimmunity, inflammation and infection. The present review highlights the latest advances in the field of ILBs and focuses on their regulatory functions. Understanding the regulatory activities of ILBs and their underlying mechanisms could open new avenues in manipulating their functions in inflammatory, infectious and other relevant diseases.

关键词： immune regulation innate-like B cells interleukin 10 natural antibody regulatory B cells

Promoting wetting of Mg on the SiC surfaces by addition of Al,Zn and Zr elements:A study via first-principle calculations

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1663-1671页

作者： Weibing Guo Wenshan Bian Haitao Xue Xiaoming ZHANG School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

When preparing SiC/Mg composites,alloy elements play key roles in the nucleation and interfacial wetting.In this paper,effects of Al,Zn and Zr additions on the Mg/SiC interfacial bonding properties were investigated comprehensively via method of first-principle calculations.Mg(0001)/SiC(0001)interfaces with different terminations and stacking sequences were built and CⅡ-T CⅡtop interface has the largest work of adhesion(W_(ad)).Zn dopants can not improve the W_(ad)for both C-T and Si-T interfaces.Al atom can only strengthen the C-T interface.Zr addition can greatly improve the W_(ad)for both C-T and Si-T interfaces.W_(ad)of C-T interfaces can reach up to 11.55 J/m^(2) and 12.55 J/m^(2) after doping 1 monolayer(ML)of Al and Zr atoms.Larger W_(ad)can lead to lower contact angles of Mg on SiC surfaces,which can improve wetting and nucleation in SiC/Mg composites.Analysis of electronic structure shows that Al-C and Zr-C bonds have more covalent composition than the Mg-C bond,which is responsible for the improvement of interfacial bonding strength.Experimental results in references were also analyzed,which are in well agreement with our calculation results.

关键词： Mg alloy SiC Wetting Electronic structure First-principle calculations

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东亚共同体建设：历史模式与秩序观念

世界经济与政治论坛 2011年第1期 37-47页

作者：张小明北京市海淀区颐和园路5号 100871

在东亚的历史上曾经出现过不同的地区共同体建设模式,其中包含着不同的地区秩序观念。东亚共同体建设,就是如何把东亚塑造成一个地区和建立某种地区秩序的过程,或者说,就是怎么样实现东亚政治、经济、文化的一体化。东亚共同体之成为现... 详细信息

在东亚的历史上曾经出现过不同的地区共同体建设模式,其中包含着不同的地区秩序观念。东亚共同体建设,就是如何把东亚塑造成一个地区和建立某种地区秩序的过程,或者说,就是怎么样实现东亚政治、经济、文化的一体化。东亚共同体之成为现实,需要满足三个基本条件:一系列国家组成一个地理区域、一系列共有的行为规范和制度、共有的地区意识或地区认同。有史以来,东亚地区先后出现过几种不同的模式或秩序,即以中国为中心的东亚"朝贡体系"、以日本为中心的"大东亚共荣圈"以及当代的东亚共同体模式。这些模式具有完全不同的历史背景和具体特征:第一个模式是稳定的,但却是不平等的;第二个模式是征服性的,也是不平等的,并且导致了大规模的武力冲突;第三个模式有着很大的不确定性。当前和未来的东亚共同体建设,必须回答和解决以下几个重要问题:未来的东亚共同体是开放的还是封闭的?是由大国主导的还是成员国完全平等的?东亚地区共同体的共有观念、规则和制度如何形成?因此,东亚国家需要吸取历史经验和教训,在实践中探索符合本地区特点和利益的地区共同体建设模式。

关键词：东亚地区共同体历史模式秩序观念

CPFinder: Finding an unknown caller's profession from anonymized mobile phone data

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第3期8卷 324-332页

作者： Jiaquan zhang Hui Chen xiaoming Yao xiaoming Fu Institution of Computer Science University of GöttingenGöttingen37077Germany Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing100089China Cloud Branch China TelecomBeijing100033China

Identifying an unfamiliar caller's profession is important to protect citizens' personal safety and property. Owing to the limited data protection of various popular online services in some countries, such as taxi hailing and ordering takeouts, many users presently encounter an increasing number of phone calls from strangers. The situation may be aggravated when criminals pretend to be such service delivery staff, threatening the user individuals as well as the society. In addition, numerous people experience excessive digital marketing and fraudulent phone calls because of personal information leakage. However, previous works on malicious call detection only focused on binary classification, which does not work for the identification of multiple professions. We observed that web service requests issued from users' mobile phones might exhibit their application preferences, spatial and temporal patterns, and other profession-related information. This offers researchers and engineers a hint to identify unfamiliar callers. In fact, some previous works already leveraged raw data from mobile phones (which includes sensitive information) for personality studies. However, accessing users' mobile phone raw data may violate the more and more strict private data protection policies and regulations (e.g., General Data Protection Regulation). We observe that appropriate statistical methods can offer an effective means to eliminate private information and preserve personal characteristics, thus enabling the identification of the types of mobile phone callers without privacy concerns. In this paper, we develop CPFinder —- a system that exploits privacy-preserving mobile data to automatically identify callers who are divided into four categories of users: taxi drivers, delivery and takeouts staffs, telemarketers and fraudsters, and normal users (other professions). Our evaluation of an anonymized dataset of 1,282 users over a period of 3 months in Shanghai City shows that the CPFinder can achieve accuracies of more than 75.0% a

关键词： Mobile big data Profession prediction Machine learning Classification Privacy protection

Mechanical,expansion and rheological properties of circulating fluidized bed fly ash based ecological cement:A critical review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第9期29卷 1670-1682页

作者： Wei zhang xiaoming Liu Zengqi zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Circulating fluidized bed fly ash(CFBFA)is a solid waste product from circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers in power plants,and the storage of CFBFA is increasingly become an environmental problem.Previous scholars have made contributions to improve the resource utilization of CFBFA.Especially,ecological cement is prepared by CFBFA,which is more conducive to its large-scale utilization.In recent years,a lot of effort has been paid to improve the properties of ecological cement containing CFBFA.In this work,the physicochemical properties of CFBFA are introduced,and recent research progress on the mechanical,expansion,and rheological properties of CFBFA based ecological cement(CEC)is extensively reviewed.The problem of over-expansion of f-CaO is summarized,which limits the scale application of CFBFA in ecological cement.Hence,the challenge for f-CaO in CFBFA to compensate for cement volume shrinkage is proposed,which is beneficial to the utilization of CFBFA in ecological cement,and the reduction of CO_(2) emissions from the cement industry.In addition,the environmental performance,durability,and economy of CEC should be valued in future research,especially the environmental performance,because the CFBFA contains heavy metals,such as Cr,As,which may pollute groundwater.

关键词： circulating fluidized bed fly ash ecological cement expansion durability compensation shrinkage

Glioblastoma stem cells and Wnt signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2020年第4期6卷 235-240页

作者： Ruoyu Guan Xiaoming ZHANG Mian Guo Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University246 Xuefu RoadNangangHarbin 150086Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumor.Glioblastoma stem cells play an important role in tumor formation by activation of several signaling pathways.Wnt signaling pathway is one such important pathway which helps cellular differentiation to promote tumor formation in the brain.Glioblastoma remains to be a highly destructive type of tumor despite availability of treatment strategies like surgery,chemotherapy,and radiation.Advances in the field of cancer biology have revolutionized therapy by allowing targeting of tumor-specific molecular deregulation.In this review,we discuss about the significance of glioblastoma stem cells in cancer progression through Wnt signaling pathway and highlight the clinical targets being potentially considered for therapy in glioblastoma.

关键词： Glioblastoma chemotherapy surgery

Expression of mapk1 and egr1 genes in Onchidium reevesii under tidal stimulation

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 42-49页

作者： Rongyu Wu Rongcheng Rao Xiaoming ZHANG Heding Shen Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization of Ministry of Education Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Aquaculture Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Classification and Evolution of Marine Animal System Shanghai Ocean University Key Laboratory of Shanghai UniversitiesShanghai201306China

Previous studies have speculated that tidal rhythm of Onchidium reevesii was linked to its memory ability, which has not been well explained. Mapk1 and egr1 genes are closely related to memory formation in the MAPK signaling pathway that have been extensively studied in vertebrates. These two genes are involved in Long-term potentiation (LTP), which is generally regarded as one of the main molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. To investigate the relationship between tidal rhythm of O. reevesii and its memory ability, we studied the molecular mechanism of mapk1 and egr1 genes cooperating with tidal rhythm. The full-length cDNA sequence of mapk1 gene was cloned by RACE method and analyzed by bioinformatics, then qRT-PCR was used to analyze its expression levels in each tissue. A homology analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed that O. reevesii is most closely related to the Biomphalaria glabrata. The qRT-PCR showed that mapk1 was expressed in all the tissues, but the highest expression was in the ganglion. We speculated that mapk1 is related to memory formation of O. reevesii. Then we used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of mapk1 and egr1 in ganglion of O. reevesi under tidal stimulation. The expression of mapk1 and egr1 at the rising tide points were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that at the previous one lowest tide points on May 15-21, except the rising tide point on May 20 and May 21 of mapk1. The expression of mapk1 and egr1 genes in the ganglion sampled for 7-day were basically the same as that of the tide change of the same day. The expression of the two genes were upregulated at raising tide and downregulated at the lowest tide, it is presumed that the O. reevesii was affected by the tide for a long time and formed the tide memory.

关键词： Onchidium reevesii Tide rhythm mapk1 egr1

Recent advances of microbial metabolism analysis:from metabolic molecules to environments

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第11期66卷 2941-2950页

作者： Na Chen Xiaoming ZHANG Jing Xi Yanbing Yang Quan Yuan College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Institute of Molecular MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Microbial metabolism analysis is of great significance to the biosynthesis industries and the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms.However,it remains a grand challenge to offer deep insight into microbial metabolism due to the particularly complex and dynamic processes.Analytical methods are recognized as the critical bottleneck that constrains the in-depth understanding of microbial metabolism.Specific and real-time analytical tools for microbial metabolic processes have currently drawn increasing attention.Here,we summarized the major advances over the past 5 years focusing on the following three aspects including real-time and dynamic analysis of metabolic molecules,selective analysis of specific metabolic pathways and quantitative analysis of the microbial metabolism.Finally,the remaining challenges and perspectives on microbial analysis are discussed and outlooked.

关键词： microorganism metabolites metabolic pathway real-time quantification

The function of small RNAs in plant biotic stress response

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 312-327页

作者： Juan Huang Meiling Yang Xiaoming ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Small RNAs（s RNAs） play essential roles in plants upon biotic stress. Plants utilize RNA silencing machinery to facilitate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to defend against pathogen attack or to facilitate defense against insect herbivores. Pathogens, on the other hand, are also able to generate effectors and s RNAs to counter the host immune response. The arms race between plants and pathogens/insect herbivores has triggered the evolution of s RNAs,RNA silencing machinery and pathogen effectors. A great number of studies have been performed to investigate the roles of s RNAs in plant defense, bringing in the opportunity to utilize s RNAs in plant protection. Transgenic plants with pathogen-derived resistance ability or transgenerational defense have been generated, which show promising potential as solutions for pathogen/insect herbivore problems in the field. Here we summarize the recent progress on the function of s RNAs in response to biotic stress, mainly in plant-pathogen/insect herbivore interaction,and the application of s RNAs in disease and insect herbivore control.

关键词： Small RNA plant immunity transgenerational defense pathogen-derived resistance