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How to Get Out of the Prisoners'Dilemma:Educational Resource Allocation and Private Tutoring

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Frontiers of Education in China 2011年第2期6卷 279-292页

作者： YU Hongxia ding xiaohao Department of Economics of Education Graduate School of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

This paper analyzes the behavior of families in China regarding private tutoring,applying game theory to its discussion of their *** finds that families will definitely give their children private tutoring after school in order to obtain better educational opportunities in situations where the distribution of educational resources is *** to game theory,overuse of private tutoring after school will waste societal resources and negatively affect all the players in the *** is argued that a key strategy to reduce private tutoring after school is to close the gaps in state provision of education.

关键词： private tutoring prisoners'dilemma equalization of educational resources

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月季新品种‘颍荷’

园艺学报 2024年第4期51卷 925-926页

作者：兰伟孟艳琼宣云朱糠宁丁晓浩樊德新康丽云阜阳师范大学生物与食品工程学院安徽阜阳236037 安徽农业大学林学与园林学院合肥230036 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所合肥230031 安徽百益花卉园艺有限公司安徽阜阳236000

‘颍荷’是从月季‘慷慨的园丁’×‘艾伦·蒂施马奇’杂交选育的新品种。生长势强,株高60~70 cm,皮刺较少。花瓣浅粉色至白色,花瓣数60~75,重瓣,花径8~9 cm,花量稠密,散发浓郁的没药香。抗黑斑病和霜霉病能力强,中抗白粉病,对红蜘蛛有... 详细信息

‘颍荷’是从月季‘慷慨的园丁’×‘艾伦·蒂施马奇’杂交选育的新品种。生长势强,株高60~70 cm,皮刺较少。花瓣浅粉色至白色,花瓣数60~75,重瓣,花径8~9 cm,花量稠密,散发浓郁的没药香。抗黑斑病和霜霉病能力强,中抗白粉病,对红蜘蛛有良好抗性,有较强的环境适应性。适宜在长江以北的地区栽培。

关键词：月季品种

Trends in the Mincerian Rates of Return to Education in Urban China:1989-2009

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Frontiers of Education in China 2013年第3期8卷 378-397页

作者： ding xiaohao YANG Suhong Wei HA Institute of Economics of Education Graduate School of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China UNICEF Dar es SalaamUnited Republic of Tanzania

This study examines the trends in the Mincerian rates of return(MRRs)to education in urban China between 1989 and 2009 using two sources of data:the China Urban Household Survey and the China Health and Nutrition Survey,and attempts to explain the underlying causes of the *** authors find that while the rates of return to education had been rising steadily since 1992 in urban China,a trend consistent with earlier studies,they have stagnated and even shown a statistically insignificant and very small decline between 2004 and *** the conceptual framework of supply,demand and institution in labor economics,the authors show evidence that the rapid rise in MRRs since 1992 has been driven by the strong relative demand for skills and productivity unleashed by the market-oriented economic reforms of the late 1980s and 1990s when relative supply of skilled labor was by and large ***,the“great leap forward”in senior secondary and tertiary education since the late 1990s produced huge numbers of graduates by the mid-2000s,outpacing the growth of relative demand for skilled labor due to the economy’s overdependence on low value-added industries such as manufacturing and *** apparent slowdown in the deepening of marketization since the mid-2000s may have also contributed to the stagnation or slight decline in the returns to education in urban China.

关键词： Mincerian rates of return(MRRs) marketization labor supply and demand

皖北乡村聚落环境景观评价——以安徽萧县为例

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山东林业科技 2024年第1期54卷 42-46页

作者：骆美安传侠偶春丁晓浩阜阳师范大学生物与食品工程学院安徽阜阳236037

乡村景观评价是乡村景观规划与设计的重要基础,为乡村景观规划建设提供依据。综合文献查阅和实地问卷调研,从便捷性、健康性、安全性、舒适性以及文化性5个准则层及24个因子层构建皖北乡村聚落环境景观评价体系。通过对安徽萧县乡村聚... 详细信息

乡村景观评价是乡村景观规划与设计的重要基础,为乡村景观规划建设提供依据。综合文献查阅和实地问卷调研,从便捷性、健康性、安全性、舒适性以及文化性5个准则层及24个因子层构建皖北乡村聚落环境景观评价体系。通过对安徽萧县乡村聚落环境景观进行主客观评价分析,结果表明村民性别与“安全性”、“舒适性”呈正相关,年龄与“健康性”、“安全性”呈正相关,与“文化性”呈负相关,家庭年收入与全部指标皆呈正相关,学历、职业与各指标无显著的相关性。乡村聚落环境景观存在基础设施不健全、景观面貌杂乱及乡村文化不突出等问题,并提出相应的对策建议,以期为皖北乡村聚落环境景观改善提供参考。

关键词：乡村聚落环境景观评价皖北

When Students Become“Prisoners”:A Game Theory Analysis of Internship by Beijing College Students

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ECNU Review of Education 2018年第2期1卷 44-73页

作者： xiaohao ding Wei Ha Le Kang W.John Morgan Graduate School of Education Peking University Cardiff University

Purpose-The oversupply of college graduates and increasing competition in the Chinese urban labor market have forced college students to undertake internships much earlier and to a greater intensity in the hope of boosting their employment *** may be argued that the considerable time and energy thus spent on internships is deleterious to their university *** paper considers the factors that determine the intensity of an internship ***/Approach/Methods-Building on a Cobb-Douglas utility function,the paper constructs a Prisoners’Dilemma game to model the internship behavior of Chinese college students,and then examines the determinants of internship using data from a 2011 survey of approximately 10,000 Chinese college students from 47 higher education institutions in the Beijing metropolitan area and multivariate regression ***-Empirical results confirm three key hypotheses derived from our model:first,students’perceptions of higher differentials across available jobs in the labor market entice them to intern excessively;second,the improving quality of college teaching and the consequent benefit for knowledge acquisition mitigates the need for excessive internship;third,student preferences for fundamental knowledge acquisition also tilts the balance towards more study and less ***/Value-These findings suggest that in the context of a tight graduate labor market,improving the quality of college teaching provides a viable alternative to excessive internship by students.

关键词： Prisoners’dilemma game theory Cobb-Douglas utility function college student internship

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北大教育经济研究:30年的起承转合

北京大学教育评论 2010年第4期8卷 12-22页

作者：丁小浩北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所北京100871

文章将30年来北大教育经济研究的历程划分为"起"、"承"、"转"、"合"四个阶段,从研究论题、调查对象、研究方法、分析单位、研究队伍、与政策制定的关系等维度提炼各个阶段研究的特点和彼此的关联,试图用学术史的眼光总结和反思北大教育... 详细信息

文章将30年来北大教育经济研究的历程划分为"起"、"承"、"转"、"合"四个阶段,从研究论题、调查对象、研究方法、分析单位、研究队伍、与政策制定的关系等维度提炼各个阶段研究的特点和彼此的关联,试图用学术史的眼光总结和反思北大教育经济研究发展的进路,获得前进的方向感。

关键词：北大教育经济研究学术史起承转合

基于制度创新实现的帕累托改进——北大平民学校模式的效率机制分析

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北京大学教育评论 2009年第4期7卷 2-9页

作者：丁小浩北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所北京100871

本文以北大平民学校的运作模式为案例,对其效率机制进行了经济学分析。作者认为该模式是一种基于制度创新实现的帕累托改进,其效率主要是高校所具有的范围经济和较低的交易成本。

关键词：帕累托改进效率机制范围经济交易成本

An Automatic Implementation of Oropharyngeal Swab Sampling for Diagnosing Respiratory Infectious Diseases via Soft Robotic End-Effectors

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 55-67页

作者： Yafeng Cui Wenjie Yu Jingjing Li Qi Shao ding Weng Guoping Yin xiaohao Zhang Xinjun Liu Jingying Ye Jiadao Wang Huichan Zhao Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Huakang Tongbang Technology Company Beijing 102609China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalSchool of Clinical MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 102218China Tianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityTianjin 300300China

The most widely adopted method for diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases is to conduct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays on patients’respiratory specimens,which are collected through either nasal or oropharyngeal *** manual swab sampling process poses a high risk to the examiner and may cause false-negative results owing to improper *** this paper,we propose a pneumatically actuated soft end-effector specifically designed to achieve all of the tasks involved in swab *** soft end-effector utilizes circumferential instability to ensure grasping stability,and exhibits several key properties,including high load-to-weight ratio,error tolerance,and variable swab-tip stiffness,leading to successful automatic robotic oropharyngeal swab sampling,from loosening and tightening the transport medium tube cap,holding the swab,and conducting sampling,to snapping off the swab tail and sterilizing *** an industrial collaborative robotic arm,we integrated the soft end-effector,force sensor,camera,lights,and remote-control stick,and developed a robotic oropharyngeal swab sampling *** this swab sampling system,we conducted oropharyngeal swab-sampling tests on 20 *** Digital PCR assay results(RNase P RNA gene absolute copy numbers for the samples)revealed that our system successfully collected sufficient numbers of cells from the pharyngeal wall for respiratory disease *** summary,we have developed a pharyngeal swab-sampling system based on an“enveloping”soft actuator,studied the sampling process,and imple-mented whole-process robotic oropharyngeal swab-sampling.

关键词： Diagnosis Medical robot Soft end-effector Swab-sampling Digital PCR

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规模扩大与高等教育入学机会均等化

北京大学教育评论 2006年第2期4卷 24-33页

作者：丁小浩北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所北京100871

中国高等教育机会均等化程度是否通过招生规模的扩大得到了改善? 本文对高等教育机会分布随时间的变化进行了研究。实证分析结果表明,如果不考虑高等院校内部分层的因素,城镇居民高等教育入学率的均等化程度在1990年代有了显著的提高;... 详细信息

中国高等教育机会均等化程度是否通过招生规模的扩大得到了改善? 本文对高等教育机会分布随时间的变化进行了研究。实证分析结果表明,如果不考虑高等院校内部分层的因素,城镇居民高等教育入学率的均等化程度在1990年代有了显著的提高;如果考虑高等院校内部分层的因素,则优质高等教育资源有更倾向于经济背景好和社会地位高的家庭的子女的趋势。文章在MMI和EMI理论的基础上进一步讨论导致中国高等教育机会变化的原因。

关键词：高等教育优质教育资源入学机会均等招生规模社会地位经济背景中国 EMI理论