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Occurrence and risk assessment of azole fungicides during the urban water cycle:A year-long study along the Yangtze River,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 16-25页

作者： Yangyang Zhang Xinjie Gu Xiuwen Li Qiuyun Zhao xiaodong hu Rui huang Jixiong Xu Zilong Yin Qing Zhou Aimin Li Peng Shi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Province Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210023China

Azole fungicides(AFs)play an important role in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in agricultural crops.However,limited studies are addressing the fate and ecological risk of AFs in the urban water cycle at a large watershed scale.To address this gap,we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk of twenty AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River across four seasons.Carbendazim(CBA),tebuconazole(TBA),tricyclazole(TCA),and propiconazole(PPA)were found to be the dominant compounds.Their highest concentrations were measured in January(188.3 ng/L),and November(2197.1 ng/L),July(162.0 ng/L),and November(1801.9 ng/L),respectively.The comparison between wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)effluents and surface water suggested that industrial WWTPs are major sources of AFs in the Yangtze River.In particular,TBA and PPA were found to be the most recalcitrant AFs in industrial WWTPs,while difenoconazole(DFA)was found to be the most potent pollutant in municipal WWTPs,with an average removal rate of less than60%.The average risk quotient(RQ)for the entire AFs was 6.45 in the fall,which was higher than in January(0.98),April(0.61),and July(0.40).This indicates that AFs in surface water posed higher environmental risks during the dry season.Additionally,the exposure risk of AFs via drinking water for sensitive populations deserves more attention.This study provides benchmark data on the occurrence of AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and offers suggestions for better reduction of AFs.

关键词： Azole fungicides Spatiotemporal distribution Ecological risk Urban water cycle the Yangtze River

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Laboratory studies on the infectivity of human respiratory viruses:Experimental conditions,detections,and resistance to the atmospheric environment

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 471-483页

作者： Yaohao hu Shuyi Peng Bojiang Su Tao Wang Juying Lin Wei Sun xiaodong hu Guohua Zhang Xinming Wang Ping'an Peng Xinhui Bi State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou 510640China

The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory viruses.Different experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over the past decades have led to diverse understandings and predictions for the stability of viral infectivity in the atmospheric environment.In this paper,we review the current knowledge on the effect of simulated atmospheric conditions on the infectivity of respiratory viruses,mainly focusing on influenza viruses and coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.First,we summarize the impact of the experimental conditions on viral stability;these involve the methods of viral aerosol generation,storage during aging and collection,the virus types and strains,the suspension matrixes,the initial inoculum volumes and concentrations,and the drying process.Second,we summarize and discuss the detection methods of viral infectivity and their disadvantages.Finally,we integrate the results from the reviewed studies to obtain an overall understanding of the effects of atmospheric environmental conditions on the decay of infectious viruses,especially aerosolized viruses.Overall,this review highlights the knowledge gaps in predicting the ability of viruses to maintain infectivity during airborne transmission.

关键词： Respiratory viruses Viral infectivity Laboratory simulation Atmospheric environmental condition Airborne transmission

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Efficient and stable organic solar cells enabled by a poly(carbazole phosphonic acid)hole transporter

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1941-1945页

作者： Zhijun Ren Siwei Luo Xiaoyu Shi Yunjie Dou Tianxiao Liu Lingyuan Wang Kwok Kiu Tsang Feifei Wang Yu Zhao Yangyang Liu xiaodong hu Xiaoxiao Peng Wei Liu He Yan Shangshang Chen State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials&TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsEnergy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese NationalEngineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Conventional self-assembled monolayer(SAM)hole transporters in organic solar cells(OSCs)generally suffer from poor uniformity and limited thickness tolerance,hindering their large-scale production.To overcome these limitations,we introduce a novel polymeric hole transporter synthesized by polymerizing carbazole phosphonic acid(PACz).The resultant Poly-2PACz material exhibits exceptional conductivity,high tolerance for variations in layer thickness,and improved film uniformity compared with conventional SAMs.Consequently,the OSCs utilizing Poly-2PACz achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.1%and a high fill factor of 81.2%,surpassing the devices based on 2PACz.Moreover,Poly-2PACz-based OSCs demonstrate excellent operational stability,retaining over 80%of their initial efficiency after 1,400 h of continuous light exposure in ambient conditions.This work presents a novel strategy for designing hole transporters,paving the way for more efficient and stable OSCs.

关键词： organic solar cells hole transporters poly(carbazole phosphonic acid) stability

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Exploration and mitigation of protrusion behavior in Ga-ion doped h-BN memristors

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纳米技术与精密工程(英文) 2023年第3期6卷 10-17页

作者： Mucun Li Enxiu Wu Linyan Xu xiaodong hu Xiaopu Miao State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityNo.92 Weijin RoadTianjin 300072People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Institute of ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

Using hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)to prepare resistive switching devices is a promising strategy.Various doping methods have aroused great interest in the semiconductor field in recent years,but many researchers have overlooked the various repetitive anomalies that occur during the testing process.In this study,the basic electrical properties and additive protrusion behavior of Ga-ion-doped h-BN memristors at micro–nanoscale during the voltage scanning process are investigated via atomic force microscopy(AFM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The additive protrusion behavior is subjected to exploratory research,and it is concluded that it is caused by anodic oxidation.An approach is proposed that involves filling the AFM chamber with nitrogen gas to improve the stability of memristor testing,and this method provides a solution for enhanced testing stability of memristors.

关键词： Hexagonal boron nitride Memristor AFM Anodic oxidation

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Polarization Measurement Method Based on Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder(LCVR)for Atomic Thin-Film Thickness

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第2期5卷 159-166页

作者： Yucong Yuan Chengyuan Yao Wanfu Shen xiaodong hu Chunguang hu State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

Atomic thickness thin films are critical functional materials and structures in atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing.However,fast,facile,and highly sensitive precision measurement of atomic film thickness remains challenging.The reflected light has a dramatic phase change and extreme reflectivity considering the Brewster angle,indicating the high sensitivity of the optical signal to film thickness near this angle.Hence,the precision polarization measurement method focusing on Brewster angle is vital for the ultrahigh precision characterization of thin films.A precision polarization measurement method based on a liquid crystal variable retarder(LCVR)is proposed in this paper,and a measurement system with a high angular resolution is established.A comprehensive measurement system calibration scheme is also introduced to accommodate ultrahigh precision film thickness measurement.Repeatable measurement accuracy to the subnanometer level is achieved.Standard silicon oxide film samples of different thicknesses were measured around Brewster angle using the self-developed system and compared with a commercial ellipsometer to verify the measurement accuracy.The consistency of the thickness measurement results demonstrates the feasibility and robustness of the measurement method and calibration scheme.This study also demonstrates the remarkable potential of the LCVR-based polarization method for atomic film thickness measurement in ultraprecision manufacturing.

关键词： Atomic thickness thin film Thickness Polarization measurement Brewster angle LCVR

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Flash memory based on MoTe_(2)/boron nitride/graphene semifloating gate heterostructure with non-volatile and dynamically tunable polarity

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 6507-6514页

作者： Shijie Wang Guangyu Geng Yang Sun Sen Wu xiaodong hu Enxiu Wu Jing Liu School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Tianjin 300072China

Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials are promising candidates to develop flash memories with premium performances as compared to conventional bulk materials,because of their ultra-thin thickness and highly tunable electrical properties.So far,most of the reported 2D material based flash memories work in the uni-polar mode,which usually further integrate additional local gate to achieve bi-polar function.However,such approach is volatile,meaning that the gate bias has to be applied persistently to maintain the polarity change and thus increases the power consumption.Here,we report a bi-polar memory based on MoTe_(2)/h-BN/graphene semi-floating gate(SFG)heterostructure,which has non-volatile and dynamically tunable polarity.The SFG configuration has the channel layer of MoTe_(2) and dielectric layer of h-BN half-stacked on the floating gate layer of graphene.The off-graphene half of the MoTe_(2) channel can be tuned between n-type and p-type by simultaneously applying ultraviolet(UV)illumination and electrical field through the back gate,which maintains this polarity after the removal of both stimuli.As a result,the SFG memory can work in the non-volatile bi-polar mode,with a on/off ratio of~100 and switching speed of 1 ms.On the other hand,the on-graphene half of the MoTe_(2) channel remains n-type under UV illumination and electrical bias,so that the MoTe_(2) full floating gate memory maintains n-type,which implements the integration of both n-and p-type memories in a single 2D heterostructure.This capability provides great flexibility for memory devices adapting in various emerging applications.

关键词： polarity modulation ultraviolet light semi-floating gate nonvolatile

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Capillary electroosmosis properties of water lubricants with different electroosmotic additives under a steel-on-steel sliding interface

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Friction 2022年第7期10卷 1019-1034页

作者： Bohua FENG Zhiqiang LUAN Tao ZHANG Jiawei LIU xiaodong hu Jiju GUAN Xuefeng XU Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education&Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China College of Mechanical Engineering Changshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu 215500China

The process of lubricant penetration into frictional interfaces has not been fully established,hence compromising their tribological performance.In this study,the penetration characteristics of deionized water(DI water)containing an electroosmotic suppressant(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB))and an electroosmotic promoter(sodium lauriminodipropionate(SLI)),were investigated using steel-onsteel friction pairs.The results indicated that the lubricant with electroosmotic promoter reduced the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter,whereas that with an electroosmotic suppressant exhibited an opposite behavior compared with DI water.The addition of SLI promoted the penetration of the DI water solution,thus resulting in the formation of a thick lubricating film of iron oxide at the sliding surface.This effectively reduced the abrasion damage,leading to a lower coefficient of friction and wear loss.

关键词： electroosmosis friction interface electroosmotic additives water lubricants tribological performance

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Key bottlenecks and distinct contradictions in fast commercialization of perovskite solar cells

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Materials Futures 2023年第1期2卷 61-69页

作者： Wenguang Liu Hasan Raza xiaodong hu Sanwan Liu Zonghao Liu Wei Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China Optics Valley Laboratory Hubei 430074People’s Republic of China

Despite significant improvements in photo-electricity conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)over the past several years,this emerging photovoltaic technology is still years away from large-scale commercial application.In this review,important research progresses on PSCs’‘golden triangle’parameters of efficiency,stability,and cost in literatures were objectively analyzed.We focused on their key bottlenecks and distinct contradictions hindering their fast commercialization.We also proposed the most urgent directions requiring intensive research and development input in the coming years to speed up the commercialization process of PSCs.

关键词： perovskite solar cell key bottlenecks contradictions commercial application

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甲状腺结节的非手术治疗

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中华内科杂志 2024年第6期63卷 544-549页

作者：胡晓东吕朝晖解放军总医院第六医学中心内分泌科北京100048 解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科北京100853

甲状腺结节患病率呈持续上升趋势,约90%为无功能良性结节,多数良性结节和部分低危微小乳头状癌仅需要临床随访、主动监测、消融等非手术治疗。本文简要介绍甲状腺结节的非手术治疗研究进展,以期提高广大基层医生的规范化诊疗水平。

关键词：甲状腺结节非手术治疗

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IMPROVED ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM DATA AGGREGATION TIME PROBLEM IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2008年第4期21卷 626-636页

作者： Jianming Zhu xiaodong hu Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China. Institute of Applied Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China.

Wireless sensor networks promise a new paradigm for gathering data via collaborationamong sensors spreading over a large geometrical region.Many applications impose delay requirementsfor data gathering and ask for time-efficient schedules for aggregating sensed data and sending tothe data sink.In this paper,the authors study the minimum data aggregation time problem undercollision-free transmission model.In each time round,data sent by a sensor reaches all sensors withinits transmission range,but a sensor can receive data only when it is the only data that reaches thesensor.The goal is to find the method that schedules data transmission and aggregation at sensorsso that the time for all requested data to be sent to the data sink is minimal.The authors propose anew approximation algorithm for this NP-hard problem with guaranteed performance ratio (7Δ)/(Iog_2|S|)+c,which significantly reduces the current best ratio of Δ-1,where S is the set of sensors containingsource data,Δ is the maximal number of sensors within the transmission range of any sensor,and c is aconstant.The authors also conduct extensive simulation,the obtained results justify the improvementof proposed algorithm over the existing one.

关键词：逼近算法数据聚集无线传感网络数据采集

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