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Hierarchical responses of soil organic and inorganic carbon dynamics to soil acidification in a dryland agroecosystem,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 726-736页

作者： JIN Shaofei tian xiaohong WANG Hesong Department of Geography Ocean College Minjiang University Institute of Oceanography Minjiang University Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University

Soil acidification is a major global issue of sustainable development for ecosystems. The increasing soil acidity induced by excessive nitrogen （N） fertilization in farmlands has profoundly impacted the soil carbon dynamics. However, the way in which changes in soil pH regulating the soil carbon dynamics in a deep soil profile is still not well elucidated. In this study, through a 12-year field N fertilization experiment with three N fertilizer treatments （0, 120, and 240 kg N/（hm-2·a）） in a dryland agroecosystem of China, we explored the soil pH changes over a soil profile up to a depth of 200 cm and determined the responses of soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil inorganic carbon （SIC） to the changed soil pH. Using a generalized additive model, we identified the soil depth intervals with the most powerful statistical relationships between changes in soil pH and soil carbon dynamics. Hierarchical responses of SOC and SIC dynamics to soil acidification were found. The results indicate that the changes in soil pH explained the SOC dynamics well by using a non-linear relationship at the soil depth of 0-80 cm （P=0.006）, whereas the changes in soil pH were significantly linearly correlated with SIC dynamics at the 100-180 cm soil depth （P=0.015）. After a long-term N fertilization in the experimental field, the soil pH value decreased in all three N fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the declines in soil pH in the deep soil layer （100-200 cm） were significantly greater （P=0.035） than those in the upper soil layer （0-80 cm）. These results indicate that soil acidification in the upper soil layer can transfer excess protons to the deep soil layer, and subsequently, the structural heterogeneous responses of SOC and SIC to soil acidification were identified because of different buffer capacities for the SOC and SIC. To better estimate the effects of soil acidification on soil carbon dynamics, we suggest that future investigations for soil acidification should be extended to a

关键词： soil acidification deep soil calcium carbonate generalized additive model (GAM) agroecosystem soilorganic carbon soil inorganic carbon

ERMAP is a B7 family-related molecule that negatively regulates T cell and macrophage responses

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 1920-1933页

作者： Min Su Yujun Lin Cheng Cui xiaohong tian Laijun Lai Department of Human Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical SciencesStem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research CentreGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina Department of Allied Health Sciences University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA

T cell activation and tolerance are tightly regulated by costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules.B7 family members play a crucial role in regulating immune *** this study,we identified erythroid membrane-associated protein(ERMAP)as a novel T cell inhibitory *** shares significant sequence and structural homology with existing B7 family members in its extracellular *** ERMAP protein is expressed on the cell surface of resting and activated antigen-presenting cells(APCs)and in some tumor *** putative ERMAP receptor is expressed on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and *** mouse and human ERMAP-IgG2a Fc(ERMAP-Ig)fusion proteins inhibit T cell functions in *** of ERMAP-Ig protein ameliorates autoimmune diseases,including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and type 1 diabetes,in ***-ERMAP antibody enhances macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells in ***,administration of an anti-ERMAP antibody inhibits tumor growth in mice likely by blocking the inhibitory effects of ERMAP on T cells and *** results suggest that therapeutic interaction with the ERMAP inhibitory pathway may represent a novel strategy for treating patients with autoimmune disease or cancer.

关键词： T cells T cell inhibitory molecules autoimmunity EAE

Reconstruction of Teachers’Competencies:A Key Support for the Digital Transformation in Education

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Frontiers of Education in China 2023年第2期18卷 126-144页

作者： tian xiaohong JI Yilong ZHOU Yueliang College of Education Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province Jinhua 321004China

With the adoption of competency reconstructing path of functional analysis in the organizational behavior theory,and the consideration of the core mission and attributes of educational organizations plus the urgency for digital transformation,this paper concludes four pillar competencies for teachers:curriculum development and teaching competency,human-computer collaboration competency,effective moral education competency,and self-growth *** the perspective of supporting the digital transformation in education,curriculum development and teaching competency is the premise and guarantee of“learning-centered”;and human-computer collaboration competency is the transformation direction of teachers’information and communications technology capabilities in smart environments;effective moral education competency determines the primary role of teachers in the process of digital transformation;and self-growth competency is the purpose and means of digital *** education needs to face up to the current problems in teacher capacity development and reshape teacher education around the core competencies required by digital transformation.

关键词： digital transformation in education curriculum development and teaching competency human-computer collaboration competency effective moral education competency self-growth competency

Surface modification of small intestine submucosa in tissue engineering

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2020年第4期7卷 339-348页

作者： Pan Zhao Xiang Li Qin Fang Fanglin Wang Qiang Ao xiaohong Wang xiaohong tian Hao Tong Shuling Bai Jun Fan Department of Tissue Engineering School of Fundamental SciencesChina Medical University77 Puhe AvenueShenbei New DistrictShenyang 110122China Department of Cell Biology School of Life SciencesChina Medical University77 Puhe AvenueShenbei New DistrictShenyang 110122China and 3Cardiac Surgery Liaoning First Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo.155 Nanjing StreetHeping DistrictShenyangLiaoning 110122China

With the development of tissue engineering,the required biomaterials need to have the ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro and in ***,surface modification of the scaffold material has a great influence on biocompatibility and functionality of *** small intestine submucosa(SIS)is an extracellular matrix isolated from the submucosal layer of porcine jejunum,which has good tissue mechanical properties and regenerative activity,and is suitable for cell adhesion,proliferation and *** recent years,SIS is widely used in different areas of tissue reconstruction,such as blood vessels,bone,cartilage,bladder and ureter,*** paper discusses the main methods for surface modification of SIS to improve and optimize the performance of SIS bioscaffolds,including functional group bonding,protein adsorption,mineral coating,topography and formatting modification and drug *** addition,the reasonable combination of these methods also offers great improvement on SIS surface *** article makes a shallow review of the surface modification of SIS and its application in tissue engineering.

关键词： small intestinal submucosa surface modification in vitro scaffold tissue engineering

Tolerance to Zn deficiency and P-Zn interaction in wheat seedlings cultured in chelator-buffered solutions

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第3期3卷 206-213页

作者： WenXuan MAI xiaohong tian Willam Jeffery GALE XiWen YANG XinChun LU College of Resources and Environment Northwest A＆F University Yangling 712100 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Zinc deficiency is a common constraint for wheat production in the regions with limited precipitation,particularly in the regions with high levels of available phosphate （P） in *** experiments were conducted using chelator-buffered nutrient solutions to characterize differences in tolerance to Zn deficiency among three winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L）.genotypes and to investigate the relationship between P and Zn nutrition in wheat *** indices,Zn efficiency,relative shoot-to-root ratio,total Zn uptake in shoot,and shoot dry weight were used to compare the tolerance to Zn deficiency among three wheat *** results indicated that the four indices could be used in breeding selection for Zn uptake-efficient *** genotype H6712 was the most tolerant to Zn deficient,followed by M19,and then ***,H6712 had the highest Zn uptake efficiency among the three *** addition of P to the growth medium increased Zn uptake and translocation from roots to *** Zn content of the wheat plant was 43% higher with 0.6 mmol/L P treatment than that of control with 0 mmol /L P *** Zn translocation ratios from roots to shoots were increased by 16% and 26% with 0.6 mmol/L P treatment and 3 mmol/L P treatment,respectively,compared with 0 mmol/L P *** contrast,high Zn concentrations in the growth medium inhibited P translocation from roots to shoots,but the inhibitive effects were not ***-six percent of P taken up by wheat plants was translocated to the wheat shoots at 0 μmol/L Zn treatment,while the percent was 60% at 3 μmol/L Zn *** result may be due to the fact that the wheat plants need more P than Zn.

关键词： chelator-buffered solution tolerance to Zn deficiency P and Zn interaction

Hyperlipidemia affects neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in brains of focal cerebral ischemia rat model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第6期3卷 642-646页

作者： Jianji Pei Liqiang Liu Jinping Pang xiaohong tian Department of Internal Medicine Beijing Mentougou Hospital Beijing 102300 China Department of Neurology Third Affiliated Hospital Inner Mongolia Medical College Baotou 014010 Nei Monggol Autonomous Region China Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China

BACKGROUND： Hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, may mediate production of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） to induce increased nitric oxide levels, resulting in brain neuronal injury. OBJECTIVE： To investigate effects of hyperlipidemia on brain nNOS expression, and to verify changes in infarct volume and pathology during reperfusion, as well as neuronal injury following ischemia/reperfusion in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Complete, randomized grouping experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University from March 2005 to March 2006. MATERIALS： A total of 144 eight-week-old, male, Wistar rats, weighing 160-180 g, were selected. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established by suture method after 4 weeks of formulated diet. Nitric oxide kit and rabbit anti-rat nNOS kit were respectively purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China and Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd., China. METHODS： The rats were equally and randomly divided into high-fat diet and a normal diet groups. Rats in the high-fat diet group were fed a high-fat diet, consisting of 10% egg yolk powder, 5% pork fat, and 0.5% pig bile salt combined with standard chow to create hyperlipidemia. Rats in the normal diet group were fed a standard rat chow. A total of 72 rats in both groups were randomly divided into 6 subgroups： sham-operated, 4-hour ischemia, 4-hour ischemia/2-hour reperfusion, 4-hour ischemia/4-hour reperfusion, 4-hour ischemia/6-hour reperfusion, and 4-hour ischemia/12-hour reperfusion, with 12 rats in each subgroup. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： nNOS expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, and pathomorphology changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Infarct volume and nitric oxide levels were respectively measured using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： In the ischemic region, pathology c

关键词： focal cerebral ischemia hyperlipidemia ischemia/reperfusion injury neuronal nitric oxides ynthase

Human activity during the late Pleistocene in the Lop Nur region, northwest China： Evidence from a buried stone artifact

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第11期61卷 1659-1668页

作者： Kangkang LI Xiaoguang QIN Xiaoyan YANG Bing XU Lei ZHANG Guijin MU Dong WEI Chunxue WANG Yong WU xiaohong tian Yongchong LIN Wen LI Jiaqi LIU Yinxin JIAO Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China School of Archaeology Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology Urumqi 830011 China Bureau of Cultural Heritage of Ruoqiang County Ruoqiang 841800 China

The Lop Nur region, in the east part of Tarim Basin, was an important transportation junction between west and east,north and south Eurasia. However, previous studies on prehistoric human activity have concentrated mostly on the Bronze Age,whereas that during the Stone Age remains largely unresearched. Here, we present a new direct evidence of human activity in the late Pleistocene, recorded on a grinding stone buried in a lacustrine sediment section of the Lop Nur region. The grain size distribution of the sediment section indicates that the site was probably in the center of a lake with weak hydrodynamic environment. Therefore, the stone artifact can only be carried to here by people instead of river and it was never move as soon as left here. Results of radiocarbon dating, the evident stratigraphic relations between the stone artifact and the sedimentary formation, indicate that the human activity could extend to approximately 13 ka BP. Furthermore, the results of starch-grain and use-wear analyses suggest that ancient humans gathered seeds of Triticeae, roots, and tubers and used the grinding stone to simply process selected plant as plant foodstuffs during this period. It implies that the environmental conditions in the river delta of the Lop Nur were inhabitable during the late Pleistocene.

关键词： Lop Nur Late Pleistocene Stone artefact Human activity Paleo-enviroument

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近代日本家庭制度的变迁

社会科学 2008年第2期 91-98页

作者：田晓虹上海社会科学院社会学研究所

作为东亚社会文化重要组成部分的日本家庭,历来是世人瞩目、探究的焦点。日本进入近代产业社会以来,伴随着政治、经济、社会的变革,家庭制度发生了深刻的、渐进的变迁,它导致家庭形态、家庭功能乃至家庭关系的重组、演化与再建。家庭的... 详细信息

作为东亚社会文化重要组成部分的日本家庭,历来是世人瞩目、探究的焦点。日本进入近代产业社会以来,伴随着政治、经济、社会的变革,家庭制度发生了深刻的、渐进的变迁,它导致家庭形态、家庭功能乃至家庭关系的重组、演化与再建。家庭的存在价值从封建"家族制度"阴影笼罩下的经济生活共同体,转向"经济合理主义"导向下夫妇协作的核心化集团,并正演绎为共同参与、个体共生的情感纽带。

关键词：日本家庭制度变迁

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从同化到多元化：墨西哥原住民政策的发展

天津师范大学学报（社会科学版） 2015年第3期35卷 17-21,54页

作者：谭融田小红南开大学天津300071

墨西哥有50多个原住民族,约占全国人口的10%,是拉美国家中原住民人口较多的国家。怎样制定合理的原住民政策,正确处理墨西哥主流文化与原住民文化间的冲突,一直是墨西哥政府十分关注的问题。墨西哥经历了早期"民族同化"、现代化进程中"... 详细信息

墨西哥有50多个原住民族,约占全国人口的10%,是拉美国家中原住民人口较多的国家。怎样制定合理的原住民政策,正确处理墨西哥主流文化与原住民文化间的冲突,一直是墨西哥政府十分关注的问题。墨西哥经历了早期"民族同化"、现代化进程中"民族一体化",以及当代"民族多元化"原住民政策的发展。历史经验表明,只有制定合乎本国国情的原住民政策,兼容并蓄,才能保证墨西哥社会健康、稳定的发展。

关键词：墨西哥原住民民族同化民族一体化民族多元化