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Lagged Responses of the Tropical Pacific to the 11-yr Solar Cycle Forcing and Possible Mechanisms

Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第3期35卷 444-459页

作者： Wenjuan huo Ziniu xiao Xin WANG Liang ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Research Division Ocean Circulation and Climate GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean ResearchKiel 24105Germany State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

This paper uses two subsets of ensemble historical-Nat simulations and pi-Control simulations from CMIP5 as well as observational/reanalysis datasets to investigate responses of the tropical Pacific to the 11-yr solar cycle.A statistically significant 11-yr solar signal is found in the upper-ocean layers above the thermocline and tropospheric circulations.A warming response initially appears in the upper layers of the central equatorial Pacific in the solar maximum years in observations,then increases and shifts into the eastern Pacific at lagged 1-3 ***,an anomalous updraft arises over the western equatorial Pacific and shifts eastwards in the following years with anomalous subsidence over the Maritime *** lagged responses are confirmed by the historical-Nat simulations,except that the initial signal is located more to the west and all the responses are weaker than the observed.A simplified mixed-layer heat budget analysis based on the historical-Nat simulations suggests that the atmospheric forcing,especially the shortwave radiation,is the major contributor to the initial warming response,and the ocean heat transport effect is responsible for the eastward displacement of the lagged warming *** the solar maximum years,the zonal ocean temperature gradient in the western-central Pacific is reduced by the initial warming,and anomalous westerly winds appear over the western equatorial Pacific and extend into the eastern Pacific during the lagged *** anomalous westerly winds reduce the wind-driven ocean dynamical transport,resulting in the initial warming in the central equatorial Pacific being amplified and the surface warming shifting eastward during the lagged 1-3 yr.

关键词： solar cycle forcing tropical Pacific warming response air–sea interaction

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General variational solution for seismic and static active earth pressure on rigid walls considering soil tensile strength cut-off

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第5期24卷 432-449页

作者： Shiguo xiao Yuan QI Pan xia Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering Ministry of EducationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 60031China School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Department of Geological Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

According to the limit equilibrium state of soils behind rigid walls and the pseudo-static approach,a general closed-form solution to seismic and static active earth pressure on the walls,which considers shear and tension failure of the retained soil,is put forward using a variational calculus *** application point of the active resultant force specified in the proposed method is explained with a clear physical meaning related to possible movement modes of the *** respect of the derived nine dependent equations reflecting the functional characteristics of the earth pressure,the proposed method can be performed easily via an implicit *** are 13 basic factors related to the retained soils,walls,and external loads to be involved in the proposed *** tension crack segment of the slip surface is obviously influenced by these parameters,apart from vertical seismic coefficient and geometric bounds of the surcharge,but the shear slip segment maintains an approximately planar shape almost uninfluenced by these ***,the proposed method quantitatively reflects that the resultant of the active earth pressure is always within a limited range under different possible movements of the same wall.

关键词： Active earth pressure Tensile strength cut-off Variational calculus method Pseudo-static method Strip surcharge

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Synthesis, Self-assembly and pH Sensitivity of a Novel Fluorinated Triphilic Block Copolymer

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2017年第11期35卷 1363-1372页

作者：李欣欣 xiao huo Hui-jiao Han 林绍梁 Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology

A novel fluorinated triblock copolymer incorporating 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate （EHMA）, tert-butyl methacrylate （tBMA） and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate （FA）（PEHMA-b-PtBMA-b-PFA） was first synthesized using three successive reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） polymerization and the subsequent hydrolyzing at acidic condition. The as-fabricated triblock copolymer exhibited an interesting morphology evolution from the multi-compartment rod-like structure to spherical structure along with the addition of a selective solution. At the same time, a visible phase separation domain could be seen in the core area due to the existence of fluorocarbon segments. Furthermore, the self- assembly behavior of the triphilic copolymer at different pH was also verified by transmission electron microscopy, as well as the dynamic light scattering. These stimuli-responsive multi-compartment nanostructures may have potential applications in drug delivery.

关键词： Triphilic block copolymer Self-assembly pH sensitivity Fluorinated copolymer Multi-compartment structure

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Effect of Annealing Temperature on Recrystallization Behavior of Cold Rolled Ti-Microalloyed Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2013年第9期20卷 105-110页

作者： huo xiang-dong MAO Xin-ping L Sheng-xia School of Material Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Guangzhou Zhujiang Steel Co. Ltd.

In order to develop cold rolled Ti-microalloyed steel strips, the effects of annealing temperature on recrys-tallization behavior of experimental steel were researched by optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron micros-copy （TEM） and Vickers hardness test. The annealing treatment could be divided into three distinct stages： recovery, recrystallization and grain growth. Reerystallization took place from 933 to 1033 K, during which a large number of recrystallized grains appear and hardness drops sharply. The morphology and size of TiN particles nearly remained unchanged at different stages of processing. With increasing annealing temperature, nanometer precipitates coarsened and the dislocation density was significantly reduced. In comparison with annealing time, annealing temperature was more crucial for recrystallization of cold rolled Ti microalloyed steel. It could be concluded that the pinning force of nanometer particles on dislocations increased the recrystallization temperature. At higher annealing temperature, re crystallization took place because of precipitates coarsening caused by Ostwald ripening.

关键词： annealing temperature recrystallization Ti-microalloyed steel titanium earbide dislocation

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Dependence of domain wall structures on repetition n in[Pt(0.5 nm)/Co(0.4 nm)]_n/NiO(1.1 nm)/[Co(0.4 nm)/Pt(0.5 nm)]_n multilayers

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第2期17卷 229-233页

作者： xiao-xia Li Gang Han Experimental Center College of Science Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The magnetic force microscopy and a sample vibrating magnetometer have been used to investigate the domain structure in two antiferromagnetically coupled Co/Pt *** the antiferromagnetic coupled[Pt（0.5 nm）/Co（0.4 nm）]n/NiO（1.1 nm）/[Co（0.4 nm）/Pt（0.5 nm）]n multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy,the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling strength increases linearly with the repetition number n in Co/Pt *** demagnetized states,relatively shifted domain walls in the two Co/Pt multilayers are observed,with net ferromagnetic stripes formed between them for the repetition number n less than 5,and the stripe width decreases with the increase of *** occurrence of these features can be attributed to the competition between the interlayer coupling and magnetostatic energies.

关键词： perpendicular anisotropy antiferromagnets interlayer coupling domain walls magnetostatic energy

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Surface roughness modulated resistivity in copper thin films

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2018年第10期61卷 70-77页

作者： HongKang Song Ke xia Jiang xiao Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China

The surfaces of metallic thin films are never flat. The resistivity in thin films is very different from that in bulk because of the unavoidable rough surfaces. In this study, we apply a quantum-mechanical method to study the resistivity in metallic thin *** resulting resistivity formula for metallic thin films merely involves two parameters: bulk relaxation time and surface roughness. We use the formula to fit a large number of experimental data sets for copper thin films obtained using different growing methods. With an additional tuning parameter for calibrating the film thickness, the quantum formula can provide a universal fitting to most data with a satisfactory precision, regardless of their growing methods or data source.

关键词： thin film thickness dependent resistivity surface roughness

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Kinetics study of aqueous sorption of phenanthrene to humic acids and sediments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期16卷 408-413页

作者： ZHOUYan-mei LIURui-xia TANGHong-xiao StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalAquaticChemistry ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085China

The sorption behavior was determined for a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH), i.e., phenanthrene(PHN), from water to three humic acids(HAs) and three sediments in different reacting time. The chemical compositions of HA samples were measured using cross polarization magic angle spinning carbon 13(CPMAS 13 C NMR along with elemental analysis. The dissolved humic substances dissociating from solid HAs and sediments were characterized by 1 H NMR. The experiments indicated that the sorption modes and mechanisms of natural sorbents for PHN varied significantly between short(<7 d) and long contact time and the reaction time should be taken into consideration in studying the overall sorption process. The sorption capacity( K ′ f) and exponent( n ) might be relative to the properties of dissolved humic materials in initial stage but the solid aromatic organic matter after long time reaction. According to the experiments performed in this investigation and the previous researches, a conceptive sorption model was established.

关键词： sorption phenanthrene humic acid sediment CPMAS 13 C NMR

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Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate by polyurethane with segment of dipentaerythritol and its application in flame retardant polypropylene

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1735-1743页

作者： Shouwu Yu Shujuan xiao Zewen Zhao xiaowen huo Junfu Wei School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjin 300387China College of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063009China

Dipentaerythritol(DPER),4,40-diphenylmethanediisocyanate(MDI)and melamine(MEL)are used as raw materials to microencapsulate ammonium polyphosphate(MAPP)in situ *** MAPP is characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The results show that the coating operation can effectively improve water resistance of ammonium polyphosphate(APP),and MAPP has higher residual rate than that of APP after *** flame retardant action of MAPP and APP in polypropylene(PP)is investigated by the limited oxygen index(LOI),vertical burning test(UL-94),TGA,SEM,and cone calorimeter test(CCT).The LOI value of the PP/MAPP composite at the same loading is higher than that of PP/APP *** 94 ratings of PP/MAPP composites are raised to V-0 at 20 wt%*** results of CCT also show that MAPP is more efficient than *** morphological structures observed by digital photos and SEM demonstrated that MAPP could be promoted to form the continuous and compact intumescent char *** flame retardant mechanism of PP/MAPP is also discussed.

关键词： Microencapsulation Solubility Ammonium polyphosphate Pyrolysis Flame retardant Stability

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Derivation of a second-order model for Reynolds stress using renormalization group analysis and the two-scale expansion technique

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第5期27卷 649-659页

作者： xiao-Hong Wang Zheng-Feng Liu xiao-xia Lu Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering University of Science and Technology of China230026 Hefei China

With the two-scale expansion technique proposed by Yoshizawa,the turbulent fluctuating field is expanded around the isotropic *** a low-order two-scale expansion,applying the mode coupling approximation in the Yakhot-Orszag renormalization group method to analyze the fluctuating field,the Reynolds-average terms in the Reynolds stress transport equation,such as the convective term,the pressure-gradient-velocity correlation term and the dissipation term,are *** numerical examples：turbulent flow past a backward-facing step and the fully developed flow in a rotating channel,are presented for testing the efficiency of the proposed second-order *** these two numerical examples,the proposed model performs as well as the Gibson-Launder （GL） model,giving better prediction than the standard k-ε model,especially in the abilities to calculate the secondary flow in the backward-facing step flow and to capture the asymmetric turbulent structure caused by frame rotation.

关键词： Turbulent modeling Renormalization group Two-scale expansion Reynolds stress transport equation Second-order model

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Leaf choice in black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti is related to the physical and chemical properties of leaves

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 643-649页

作者： Zhipang HUANG Sheng huo Shuguo YANG Liangwei CUI Wen xiao Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University Dali 671000 Yunnan China Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part of the species＇s range. Chemical properties such as fat, ash, crude protein （CP）, total phenolics （TP）, and fiber content including neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, lignin, celluloses and hemicelluloses, and physical toughness were measured. R. bieti tended to choose leaves with lower fiber content, higher ash, a higher ratio of CP/ADF, and lower toughness. No difference was found for fat, crude protein, total phenolics, hemicelluloses and lignin between food and non-food leaves. Even though the ratio of CP/ADF is generally regarded as a good indicator for colobine food choice, the difference in the ratio of CP/ADF between food and non-food leaves was only the result of differences in ADE Since positive correlations were found between ADF and tough- ness from all leaves （both food and non-food species）, and toughness of leaves was likely easier for R. bieti to sense than fiber content via mastication, the toughness of leaves may function as a predictor of food choice in this species [Current Zoology 56 （6） 643-49, 2010].

关键词： Rhinopithecus bieti Diet selection Protein-to-fiber ratio Toughness Mt. Longma Yunnan

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