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Microstructure,hardening and deuterium retention in CVD tungsten irradiated with neutrons at temperatures of defect recovery stagesⅡandⅢ

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Tungsten 2022年第3期4卷 248-260页

作者： xiao-ou yi Tatsuya Kuwabara Vladimir KhAlimov Yu-Feng Du Wen-Tuo Han Ping-Ping Liu Bin-You Yan Jiu-Peng Song Kenta Yoshida Takeshi Toyama Fa-Rong Wan Somei Ohnuki Yuji Hatano Yasuyoshi Nagai School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya464-8063Japan Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119071Russia Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversityNarita-cho 2145-2OaraiIbaraki311-1313Japan Xiamen Tungsten Co.Ltd. Xiamen361021China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xihua UniversityChengdu610039China Hydrogen Isotope Research Center University of ToyamaToyama930-8555Japan

Samples of ultra-high-purity tungsten prepared using chemical vapour deposition(CVD)technique were irradiated with neutrons at temperatures T_(irr)=373-483 K(stage Ⅱ of defect recovery)and T_(irr)=573-673 K(stage Ⅲ)up to 0.15 displacements per atom(dpa)in the Belgian reactor(BR2).The study of the microstructure of neutron-damaged samples using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed visible defects with a predominance of dislocation loops.With an increase in the neutron irradiation temperature,the spatial distribution of the loops acquired pronounced inhomogeneity,and their average size moderately increased.Cavities and voids were not observed.Irradiation-induced hardening was found and a linear correlation was obtained between Vickers microhardness and nanohardness for undamaged and neutron-irradiated CVD-W samples.Irradiation of tungsten with neutrons led to a significant increase in the retention of deuterium,which accumulated mainly in vacancy-type traps.Furthermore,the influence of the columnar grain structure in low-dose neutron-irradiated tungsten seemed to be non-trivial upon deuterium retention.

关键词： CVD-W Neutron irradiation Microstructure Hardening Deuterium retention

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Effect of Cooling Rate on the Formation and Morphology of (W,V)Cx in VC-doped WC–Co Cemented Carbide

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第2期30卷 146-155页

作者： xiao-ou yi Xiang Huang Chang-Bin Liu Dan-Qing yi Yong Jiang Bin Wang Hui-Qun Liu Li-Yong Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha 410083 China

The grain growth retardation mechanism and the effect of cooling rate on VC-doped WC–Co cemented carbides were investigated in this work.WC–30Co and WC–30Co–VC were prepared by powder metallurgy,liquid-phase sintering at 1400 ℃ and followed by water quenching（[150 ℃/s） or furnace cooling（＊0.083 ℃/s）.Based on the results of electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）,we found that WC concentration in the Co binder was independent of VC doping during liquid-phase sintering,hence barely contributing to the retardation of WC grain growth.In contrast,the（W,V）Cx phase formed at the WC/Co interfaces played a major role in retarding WC grain growth during liquid-phase sintering.The effect of cooling rate on the morphology of（W,V）Cxwas revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）.In the water-quenched WC–30Co–VC,（W,V）Cxprecipitates were found as thin layers at the WC/Co interfaces.In contrast,both thin layers of similar thickness and nanoparticles of（W,V）Cx were observed in the furnace-cooled counterpart.These observations listed above suggested that thin（W,V）Cxlayers were stable structures effectively suppressing the growth of WC grains and their thickness remained independent of the cooling rate.The（W,V）Cxnanoparticles,however,may be inhibited through rapid cooling,ensuring the VC-doped WC–Co cemented carbides desired toughness.

关键词： WC-Co VC doping （W,V）Cx Water-quenched Furnace-cooled

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Recent progress of vanadium-based alloys for fusion application

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Tungsten 2021年第4期3卷 382-392页

作者： Shao-Ning Jiang Fu-Jie Zhou Gao-Wei Zhang xiao-ou yi Chang-Wang Yu Xiu-Jie Wang Wei-Feng Rao School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research Jinan 250353China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Low-activation vanadium alloys,with the reference composition of V-4Cr-4Ti have been considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for structural components such as the blanket in future fusion reactors,thanks to their excellent neutron irradiation resistance,superior high-temperature mechanical properties,and high compatibility with liquid lithium blankets.The self-cooled liquid lithium blanket using structural materials of vanadium alloys is an attractive concept because of the high heat transfer and high tritium breeding capability.After more than 2 decades of research,technological progress has been made in reducing the number of critical issues for application of vanadium alloys to fusion reactors.In this paper,the recent research and development activities of vanadium alloys are summarized,including significant progress achieved on fabrication technology and composition optimization,coating and corrosion,improved understanding of irradiation effects upon microstructure and material properties,retention of hydrogen isotopes,as well as advancements in joining and weld-ing.In particular,the fact that recent products from China,Japan,US and France showed similar properties which meant the fabrication technology has been almost standardized.

关键词： Vanadium alloy Fabrication Coating and corrosion Irradiation damage Hydrogen retention

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High-throughput screening of single-atom catalysts confined in monolayer black phosphorus for efficient nitrogen reduction reaction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2360-2367页

作者： xiao-Yan Li Manyi Duan Pengfei ou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A4Canada School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610101China Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

The discovery of metal-nitrogen centers as the active sites for electrolysis has aroused significant interest in utilizing single-atom catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).Properly designed nanostructured catalysts that strongly interact with nitrogen molecules(N_(2))can promote adsorption and activation,thereby resulting in efficient catalysts with high stability,activity,and selectivity.In this study,using density functional theory calculations,we selected monolayer black phosphorus(BP)as the substrate and screened a series of single-atom transition metals confined in tri-coordinated and tetra-coordinated active centers(without and with N dopants)to electro-catalyze NRR.As a result,we have identified two promising candidates(Hf_(1)-N_(1)P_(2)-1 and Tc_(1)-N_(4)),which exhibit not only low overpotentials of 0.56 and 0.49 V but also high thermodynamic and electrochemical stability,as well as good selectivity towards NRR over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.We also demonstrate the ability of Hf_(1)-N_(1)P_(2)-1 and Tc_(1)-N_(4) to activate and hydrogenate N_(2) by donating electrons and regulating charge transfer.This study not only predicts new BP-based promising catalysts but also provides guidance for the rational design of high-performance NRR electrocatalysts under ambient conditions.

关键词： N_(2) electroreduction reaction single-atom catalysts black phosphorus density functional theory high-throughput calculations

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Sequential enantioselective Ugi-4CR/post-Ugi transformation strategy:a precise construction of structurally diverse azaspiro polycyclic scaffolds

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 576-586页

作者： xiao-Bao Wu Jun-Xiu Shi yi-Ming ou Hua-Jie Jiang yi-Jun Fang Qi-Ming Wang Quan Gao Jie Yu Department of Applied Chemistry Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and ApplicationAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China

A privileged strategy has been developed for the precise construction of enantioenriched azaspiro polycyclic scaffolds.Structurally diverse azaspiro polycycles bearing multiple contiguous stereocenters are obtained with excellent results(up to 99:1 e.r.,>95:5 d.r.) via sequential enantioselective four-component Ugi reactions/post-Ugi transformations with substrates containing prerequisite functional groups in the presence of anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes.

关键词： asymmetric catalysis post-Ugi transformation anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(Ⅲ)complex azaspiro polycyclic scaffold one-pot synthesis

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Recent landscape and trends for industry-sponsored pediatric clinical trials in China from 2013 to 2022

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儿科学研究(英文) 2024年第1期8卷 12-20页

作者： Liu Chang Liu yi ou Ling Qi Yuenan Zhang Jianmin Drug Clinical Trial Institution Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China

Importance: Pediatric medication is a challenging issue globally. Promoting trials of medications for children and implementing measures to encourage innovation for addressing unmet medical and health needs are important.Objective: To explore the recent landscape of pediatric clinical trials of new investigational drugs conducted by pharmaceutical enterprises in China from 2013 to 2022 to provide insight into pediatric drug development in the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory policy formulation.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional observational investigation of pediatric clinical trials registered from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, on the Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Trials, the official registration platform established in 2013 for trials of new investigational drugs initiated by biopharmaceutical enterprises. Trials that included pediatric participants (under 18 years old) were retrieved, and their relevant characteristics were extracted and analyzed.Results: In total, 895 pediatric clinical trials were collected, accounting for 5.1% of the total registered clinical trials initiated prior to January 1, 2023. The overall average annual growth rate for the number of pediatric clinical trials was 12% (P ounted for the highest proportion (49.1%, 439). Of the 895 trials included, 736 (82.2%) were domestic trials, and 159 (17.8%) were international multicenter trials. In terms of tested drugs, investigations of biological products accounted for the largest proportion of trials (67.4%, 603). Among pediatric clinical trials, studies of vaccines accounted for the largest proportion of trials (41.0%, 367), followed by trials for rare diseases (17.2%, 154). Furthermore, geographical distribution analysis revealed that the largest and smallest numbers of trials were conducted in North China (35.7%, 320) and Northeast China (0.8%, 7), respectively.Interpretation: The growth trends for industry-sponsored clinical trials involving children il

关键词： Geographic distribution Pediatric clinical trials Pediatric medication Rare disease

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Construction of an immune-related gene signature for overall survival prediction and immune infiltration in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 919-932页

作者： xiao-Ting Ma Xiu Liu Kai ou Lin Yang Department of Medical Oncology Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

BACKGRouND Treatment options for patients with gastric cancer(GC)continue to improve,but the overall prognosis is poor.The use of PD-1 inhibitors has also brought benefits to patients with advanced GC and has gradually become the new standard treatment option at present,and there is an urgent need to identify valuable biomarkers to classify patients with different characteristics into subgroups.AIM To determined the effects of differentially expressed immune-related genes(DEIRGs)on the development,prognosis,tumor microenvironment(TME),and treatment response among GC patients with the expectation of providing new biomarkers for personalized treatment of GC populations.METHODS Gene expression data and clinical pathologic information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and immune-related genes(IRGs)were searched from ImmPort.DEIRGs were extracted from the intersection of the differentially-expressed genes(DEGs)and IRGs lists.The enrichment pathways of key genes were obtained by analyzing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGGs)and Gene Ontology(GO)databases.To identify genes associated with prognosis,a tumor risk score model based on DEIRGs was constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and multivariate Cox regression.The tumor risk score was divided into high-and lowrisk groups.The entire cohort was randomly divided into a 2:1 training cohort and a test cohort for internal validation to assess the feasibility of the risk model.The infiltration of immune cells was obtained using‘CIBERSORT,’and the infiltration of immune subgroups in high-and low-risk groups was analyzed.The GC immune score data were obtained and the difference in immune scores between the two groups was analyzed.RESULTS We collected 412 GC and 36 adjacent tissue samples,and identified 3627 DEGs and 1311 IRGs.A total of 482 DEIRGs were obtained.GO analysis showed that DEIRGs were mainly distributed in immunoglobulin complexes,receptor ligand activity,and signaling receptor activators.KEGG pathway analys

关键词： Differentially expressed immune-related gene Immunotherapy Gastric cancer Risk score

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Understanding the failure mechanism towards developing high-voltage single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathodes

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第6期9卷 1045-1057页

作者： Jixue Shen Bao Zhang Changwang Hao xiao Li Zhiming xiao Xinyou He Xing ou Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China Zhejiang Power New Energy Co. Ltd.Zhuji311899China Material Science and Chemistry Engineering College China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

Benefited from its high process feasibility and controllable costs,binary-metal layered structured LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NM)can effectively alleviate the cobalt supply crisis under the surge of global electric vehicles(EVs)sales,which is considered as the most promising nextgeneration cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the lack of deep understanding on the failure mechanism of NM has seriously hindered its application,especially under the harsh condition of high-voltage without sacrifices of reversible capacity.Herein,singlecrystal LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(2) is selected and compared with traditional LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM),mainly focusing on the failure mechanism of Cofree cathode and illuminating the significant effect of Co element on the Li/Ni antisite defect and dynamic characteristic.Specifically,the presence of high Li/Ni antisite defect in NM cathode easily results in the extremely dramatic H2/H3 phase transition,which exacerbates the distortion of the lattice,mechanical strain changes and exhibits poor electrochemical performance,especially under the high cutoff voltage.Furthermore,the reaction kinetic of NM is impaired due to the absence of Co element,especially at the single-crystal architecture.Whereas,the negative influence of Li/Ni antisite defect is controllable at low current densities,owing to the attenuated polarization.Notably,Co-free NM can exhibit better safety performance than that of NCM cathode.These findings are beneficial for understanding the fundamental reaction mechanism of single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathode materials,providing new insights and great encouragements to design and develop the next generation of LIBs with low-cost and high-safety performances.

关键词： Li/Ni antisite defect Dynamic characteristic High-voltage Single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathodes Lithium-ion batteries

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Accurate Distinction of Weak and Strong AC Grids for Emerging Hierarchical-Infeed LCC-UHVDC Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 772-777页

作者： Hao xiao Xianzhong Duan yi Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3T 2N2ManitobaCanada State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Hubei Electric Power Security and High Efficiency Key LaboratorySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina RTDS Technologies Inc. Winnipeg R3T 2E1ManitobaCanada

Distinction of weak and strong AC grids for emerging hierarchical-infeed LCC-UHVDC systems is important for planning and operation departments. However, accuracy of earlier distinction methods is limited as they were developed by empirical reasoning without rigorous theoretical analysis. Hence in this letter, hierarchical-infeed interactive effective short-circuit ratio (HIESCR) index is first used for strength evaluation of HIDC systems with complex inter-inverter interactions considered. Boundary HIESCR (BHIESCR) is also introduced in the proposed distinction method of weak and strong AC grids. That is, weak (or strong) AC grids are, respectively, identified when HIESCR is less (or greater) than BHIESCR. Second, it is shown BHIESCR remains almost unchanged as 3.0 versus various system parameters and rated operation variables based on rigorous theoretical analysis. This salient feature makes the proposed method more accurate than earlier methods. Finally, the proposed method is validated by simulations based on the PSCAD/EMTDC program.

关键词： Hierarchical-Infeedinteractive effective short-circuit ratio hierarchical-infeed LCC-UHVDC systems inter-inverter interactions strong AC grids weak AC grids

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Current therapies for osteoarthritis and prospects of CRISPR-based genome,epigenome,and RNA editing in osteoarthritis treatment

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第2期51卷 159-183页

作者： Yuxi Chen xiao Luo Rui Kang Kaixin Cui Jianping ou Xiya Zhang Puping Liang MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Center for Reproductive Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510630China

Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases worldwide,causing pain,disability,and decreased quality of life.The balance between regeneration and inflammation-induced degradation results in multiple etiologies and complex pathogenesis of OA.Currently,there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies for OA treatment.With the development of CRISPR-based genome,epigenome,and RNA editing tools,OA treatment has been improved by targeting genetic risk factors,activating chondrogenic elements,and modulating inflammatory regulators.Supported by cell therapy and in vivo delivery vectors,genome,epigenome,and RNA editing tools may provide a promising approach for personalized OA therapy.This review summarizes CRISPR-based genome,epigenome,and RNA editing tools that can be applied to the treatment of OA and provides insights into the development of CRISPR-based therapeutics for OA treatment.Moreover,in-depth evaluations of the efficacy and safety of these tools in human OA treatment are needed.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Genome editing Epigenone editing RNA editing

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