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Resolving aging dynamics of a 3D colloidal glass

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 110-118页

作者： XiaoJuan Wang Jun Duan Gan Ding YunZhuo lu Xing lu LanHong Dai MinQiang Jiang State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Physical aging is an inherent property of glassy matter, but understanding its microscopic mechanism remains a challenge particularly at the particle level. In this work, we use a confocal microscope to in-situ trace the particle trajectories in a 3D colloidal glass for 73000 s, aiming at resolving the aging dynamics. By calculating the mean square displacement of particle motions, we find that the glass aging with time can be divided into three stages: β relaxation, α relaxation and free diffusion. The system's mean square displacement at each aging state is quantitatively resolved into three contributions of particle dynamics modes: vibration within the nearest-neighbor cages, hopping between cages and cooperative rearrangement. We further calculate the particle's free volume and find that the β-to-α transition is accompanied by the temporary increase of the system-averaged free volume due to pronounced hops of particles. Nevertheless, the temporal autocorrelation of the free volume spatial distribution still obeys a monotonically stretched exponential decay with an exponent of 0.76, which is related to the sub-diffusion dynamics of cooperative rearrangements and hops mixed in α relaxation. According to the resolved vibrational displacements,we calculate the vibrational density of states of this 3D glass, and the characteristic boson peak is reproduced at low *** findings shed insight into the particle-level aging dynamics of a real glass under purely thermal activation.

关键词： colloidal glass physical aging particle dynamics free volume boson peak

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Convolution Neural Network-based Load Model Parameter Selection Considering Short-term Voltage Stability

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1064-1074页

作者： Ying Wang Chao lu Xinran Zhang School of Technology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China IEEE

The recently proposed ambient signal-based load modeling approach offers an important and effective idea to study the time-varying and distributed characteristics of power ***,it also brings new *** the load model parameters of power loads can be obtained in real-time for each load bus,the numerous identified parameters make parameter application *** order to obtain the parameters suitable for off-line applications,load model parameter selection(LMPS)is first introduced in this ***,the convolution neural network(CNN)is adopted to achieve the selection purpose from the perspective of short-term voltage *** begin with,the field phasor measurement unit(PMU)data from China Southern Power Grid are obtained for load model parameter identification,and the identification results of different substations during different times indicate the necessity of ***,the simulation case of Guangdong Power Grid shows the process of LMPS,and the results from the CNNbased LMPS confirm its effectiveness.

关键词： Ambient signal CNN field PMU data load model parameter selection short-term voltage stability

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When mRNA meets gene editing

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7337-7356页

作者： Weijie Li Chen Wang Yuan lu Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The critical challenge of gene therapy lies in delivering gene editing *** with DNA,while RNA is less stable and more accessible to degrade,it comes with the benefit of lower off-target effects since permanent insertion is not *** review focuses on mRNA-based delivery of gene editing agents,highlighting novel mRNA delivery *** provide context,a comparison is made between three main gene editing agents:programmable nucleases,base editors,and prime *** potential of Cas\pi and transposons is also discussed in this ***,a summary of four main barriers to mRNAbased in vivo delivery is ***,this review detailedly introduced different delivery systems,both viral(lentivirus)and non-viral vectors(genome editing via oviductal nucleic acids delivery,lipid nanoparticles,polymer-based nanoparticles,viruslike-particles,extracellular vesicles,and migrasome).Each delivery strategy is assessed by comparing its advantages and disadvantages to offer a comprehensive and objective overview of the delivery ***,we emphasized the vital role of the protein corona as a critical regulator for ***,we concluded the challenges of mRNA-based gene editing strategies(RNA stability,targeting,potential immunogenicity,cytotoxicity,heterogeneity,and rational design).The purpose of this review is to guide further research and provide a comprehensive analysis of mRNA-based in vivo delivery of gene editing agents in this promising field.

关键词： gene editing mRNA delivery viral vectors non-viral vectors CRISPR

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From non-carbon host toward carbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1337-1365页

作者： Yanqi Feng Hui Liu Qiongqiong lu School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Institute of Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor MaterialsHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden e.V. Helmholtzstraβe 2001069 DresdenGermany School of Materials&Environment Engineering Chengdu Technological UniversityChengdu 611730China

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with advantages of high energy densities(2600 Wh·kg^(-1)/2800 Wh·L^(-1))and sulfur abundance are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy ***,the conventional carbon host used in sulfur cathodes suffers from poor chemical adsorption towards Li-polysulfides(LPS)in liquid electrolyte and sluggish redox kinetics,leading to low capacity and rate ***,carbon host used in Li metal anode with the intrinsic property of poor lithiophilicity and high Li-nucleation barrier gives rise to uncontrollable dendrite growth and further battery ***,non-carbon hosts with chemical adsorption toward LPS and catalytic activity for accelerating LPS redox conversion as well as lithiophilic property for guiding uniform Li deposition are proposed and demonstrated a high efficiency in both sulfur cathodes and Li metal *** this review,the principle and challenges of Li-S batteries are first presented,then recent work using non-carbon hosts in Li-S batteries is summarized comprehensively,and the mechanism of non-carbon host in improving sulfur utilization and stabilizing Li metal anode is discussed in ***,remaining challenges and outlook on the implementation of non-carbon host for practical carbon-free Li-S batteries are also provided.

关键词： sulfur cathode Li metal anode polysulfides adsorption catalytic effect Li dendrite carbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries

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Challenges and opportunities in Quaternary palynology

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2148-2161页

作者： Qinghai XU Houyuan lu Zhuo ZHENG College of Geographical Sciences Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological ConstructionHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Quaternary palynology plays a pivotal role in investigating global climate change and various other research fields,serving as an essential tool for the quantitative analysis of paleoenvironment ***,due to the vast diversity of terrestrial ecosystems and intricate interactions between vegetation,climate,and human activities,further advancements are required in the following aspects within this discipline.(1)The accuracy of classification in pollen morphology and fossil pollen identification needs improvement,particularly at the species *** represents a significant challenge in present Quaternary ***-aided intelligent recognition holds promise as a solution for species identification based on more detail pollen morphology.(2)Most pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstructions overlook the significance of bare *** bare ground can lead to substantial inaccuracies when quantitatively reconstructing past vegetation and climate.(3)While pollen records provide reliable information on paleoclimate changes,current quantitative climate reconstruction models heavily rely on modern pollen datasets derived from present-day vegetation disturbed more or less by human *** introduces bias and uncertainties into paleoclimate reconstruction.(4)Although pollen can serve as an indicator of human activities,accurately quantifying the intensity of human influence remains *** accurate identification of crop pollen,reconstructing reliable land cover/use data,and integrating multidisciplinary data may enhance the identification and quantification of signals related to human activity in pollen records.

关键词： Quaternary palynology Paleoclimate Paleovegetation Human activity

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Low-thermal-budget synthesis of monolayer MoS2

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Science China Materials 2024年第1期67卷 372-374页

作者： Zongmeng Yang Shibo Fang Jing lu State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics Peking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MEMD) Peking University Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Peking University Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices Peking University

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MoS2, have been considered as a competitive coordinate for future electronics due to their excellent electrostatics and high mobility [1–3]. Moreover, the potential integration of 2D materials with silicon circuits can present increased density and multifunction in future heterogeneously integrated circuits [4,5]. However, the high thermal-budget during Mo S2 synthesis exceeds the temperature requirement of direct integration with Si in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) fabrication process [6–8].

关键词： FILMS

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Multi-modal visual tracking:Review and experimental comparison

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 193-214页

作者： Pengyu Zhang Dong Wang Huchuan lu Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024Chin

Visual object tracking has been drawing increasing attention in recent years,as a fundamental task in computer *** extend the range of tracking applications,researchers have been introducing information from multiple modalities to handle specific scenes,with promising research prospects for emerging methods and *** provide a thorough review of multi-modal tracking,different aspects of multi-modal tracking algorithms are summarized under a unified taxonomy,with specific focus on visibledepth(RGB-D)and visible-thermal(RGB-T)***,a detailed description of the related benchmarks and challenges is *** experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of trackers on five datasets:PTB,VOT19-RGBD,GTOT,RGBT234,and ***,various future directions,including model design and dataset construction,are discussed from different perspectives for further research.

关键词： visual tracking object tracking multi-modal fusion RGB-T tracking RGB-D trackin

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Dual-assisted high-precision tracking technique for wideband multiplexed signals in new generation GNSS

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Satellite Navigation 2024年第1期5卷 52-73页

作者： Yunhan Qi Zheng Yao Mingquan lu Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084China

With the evolution of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),new generation GNSS signals have adopted the dual-frequency multiplexing modulation techniques,which jointly modulate multiple signals located on multiple sub-frequencies into a Wideband Multiplexed Signal(WMS).Although WMSs were proposed initially to reduce the complexity of satellite transmitters and improve the transmission efficiency of signals,their multi-component structures and wide root mean square bandwidths introduced by high-frequency subcarriers also provide the possibility to improve the GNSS ranging ***,this paper proposes a Dual-assisted Multi-component Tracking(DMT)technique,which can not only fully use high-frequency subcarriers in WMSs,but also effectively track carrier,subcarrier,and code by jointly utilizing all components in *** this paper,the tracking and ranging performances of DMT are comprehensively analyzed theoretically and by simulation and real *** results show that compared with existing WMS tracking methods,DMT can achieve tracking results with lower tracking jitters and ranging results with higher precision,providing a highly advantageous solution for new generation GNSS signal processing.

关键词： Wideband multiplexed signal Dual-assisted Multi-component High precision tracking

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CNN-LSTM based incremental attention mechanism enabled phase-space reconstruction for chaotic time series prediction

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 77-90页

作者： Xiao-Qian lu Jun Tian Qiang Liao Zheng-Wu Xu lu Gan Bidding and Purchasing Center University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China Yibin Research Institute University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaYibin644000China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China

To improve the prediction accuracy of chaotic time series and reconstruct a more reasonable phase space structure of the prediction network,we propose a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory(CNN-LSTM)prediction model based on the incremental attention ***,a traversal search is conducted through the traversal layer for finite parameters in the phase ***,an incremental attention layer is utilized for parameter judgment based on the dimension weight criteria(DWC).The phase space parameters that best meet DWC are selected and fed into the input ***,the constructed CNN-LSTM network extracts spatio-temporal features and provides the final prediction *** model is verified using Logistic,Lorenz,and sunspot chaotic time series,and the performance is compared from the two dimensions of prediction accuracy and network phase space ***,the CNN-LSTM network based on incremental attention is compared with long short-term memory(LSTM),convolutional neural network(CNN),recurrent neural network(RNN),and support vector regression(SVR)for prediction *** experiment results indicate that the proposed composite network model possesses enhanced capability in extracting temporal features and achieves higher prediction ***,the algorithm to estimate the phase space parameter is compared with the traditional CAO,false nearest neighbor,and C-C,three typical methods for determining the chaotic phase space *** experiments reveal that the phase space parameter estimation algorithm based on the incremental attention mechanism is superior in prediction accuracy compared with the traditional phase space reconstruction method in five networks,including CNN-LSTM,LSTM,CNN,RNN,and SVR.

关键词： Chaotic time series Incremental attention mechanism Phase-space reconstruction

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Determination of the critical rainfall of runoff-initiated debris flows by the perspective of physical mechanics and Shields stress

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1160-1173页

作者： MA Chao ZHU Yongtai lu lu DU Cui LYU Liqun DONG Jie School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Institute of Geological Hazard Prevention Beijing 100120China School of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Clarkson UniversityNY 13699USA

The critical rainfall of runoff-initiated debris flows is utmost importance for local early hazard *** paper presents research on the critical rainfall of runoff-initiated debris flows through comparisons between slope gradients and three key factors,including topographic contributing area,dimensionless discharge,and Shields *** rainfall amount was estimated by utilizing in-situ rainfall records and a slope-dependent Shields stress model was *** created model can predict critical Shields stress more accurately than the other two ***,a new dimensionless discharge equation was proposed based on the corresponding discharge-gradient *** new equation,along with factors such as contributing area above bed failure sites,channel width,and mean diameter of debris flow deposits,predicts a smaller rainfall amount than the in-situ measured *** the slope-dependent Shields stress model performs well and the estimated rainfall amount is lower than the in-situ records,the sediment initiation in the experiments falls within sheet flow regime due to a large Shields ***,further sediment initiation experiments at a steeper slope range are expected in the future to ensure that the sediment transport belongs to mass failure regime characterized by a low level of Shields ***,a more accurate hazard forecast on the runoff-initiated debris flow holds promise when the corresponding critical slope-dependent dimensionless discharge of no motion,fluvial sediment transport,mass flow regime,and sheet flow regime are considered.

关键词： Infinite slope stability Shields stress Contributing area-slope gradient Rainfall back estimation

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