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Enlarged DNA unwinding by Nme2Cas9 permits a broadened base editing window beyond the protospacer

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 424-427页

作者： Ziting Chen xiangyang Li Qian Zhang Wenjun sun Xiaoxuan Song Xia Zhang Xingxu Huang Bo sun School of Life Science and Technology and Gene Editing Center ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Zhejiang Lab HangzhouZhejiang 311121China CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Dear Editor,Base editing has been developed to be one of the effective CRISPR-based gene editing techniques(Rees and Liu,2018).Base editors(BEs)take advantage of DNAmodifying enzymes fused with a catalytically impaired CRISPR protein to install base mutations.In BE,DNA-modifying enzymes often process nontarget singlestranded DNA(NTS)generated by Cas proteins.

关键词： install base winding

Detecting Double Mixed Compressed Images Based on Quaternion Convolutional Neural Network

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第3期33卷 657-671页

作者： Hao WANG Jinwei WANG Xuelong HU Bingtao HU Qilin YIN xiangyang LUO Bin MA Jinsheng sun Department of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education Department of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Management Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Qilu University of Technology

Detection of color images that have undergone double compression is a critical aspect of digital image forensics.Despite the existence of various methods capable of detecting double Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG) compression,they are unable to address the issue of mixed double compression resulting from the use of different compression standards.In particular,the implementation of Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000(JPEG2000)as the secondary compression standard can result in a decline or complete loss of performance in existing methods.To tackle this challenge of JPEG+JPEG2000 compression,a detection method based on quaternion convolutional neural networks(QCNN) is proposed.The QCNN processes the data as a quaternion,transforming the components of a traditional convolutional neural network(CNN) into a quaternion representation.The relationships between the color channels of the image are preserved,and the utilization of color information is optimized.Additionally,the method includes a feature conversion module that converts the extracted features into quaternion statistical features,thereby amplifying the evidence of double compression.Experimental results indicate that the proposed QCNN-based method improves,on average,by 27% compared to existing methods in the detection of JPEG+JPEG2000 compression.

关键词： Image coding Image color analysis Quaternions Forensics Transform coding Color Feature extraction

Effects of organic mulching on soil aggregate stability and aggregate binding agents in an urban forest in Beijing, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 1083-1094页

作者： Wei Zhou xiangyang sun Suyan Li Tiantian Du Yi Zheng Zhihui Fan College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083People’s Republic of China

Urban forest soil is often disturbed by rapid urbanization. Organic mulching is effective for improving soil quality and aggregate stability. This study evaluated how soil binding agents changed aggregate stability through organic mulching in urban forest soils. Three treatments were applied in Jiufeng National Forest Park, Beijing: (1) no organic mulch (control);(2) wood chips alone (5 cm thickness);and, (3) wood chips + wood compost (This mulch was divided into two layers, the upper layer of wood chips (2.5 cm), the lower layer wood compost (2.5 cm)). Soil samples were collected from the surface 10- cm soil layer and fraction into four aggregates. Glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon were measured in bulk soil and the four aggregates. The results show that wood chips + wood compost increased the proportion of large and small macroaggregates, mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter. The total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein were higher in the wood chips + wood compost. However, soil organic carbon was lower in the wood chips alone application compared to the controls and wood chips + wood compost. Easily extractable / total glomalin-related soil protein and glomalin-related soil protein / soil organic carbon ratios of wood chips alone and wood chips + wood compost had increased trend compared to the controls but did not reach significant levels (p > 0.05). Mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter correlated positively with total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein but were not positively correlated with soil organic carbon, the ratios of easily extractable and total glomalin-related soil protein, and the ratios of glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon. Redundancy analysis revealed that total glomalin-related soil protein was the most important driver for soil aggregate stability, especially the total glomalin-related soil protein of small macroaggregates. The results suggest that wood chips + wood compost enhanced soil aggreg

关键词： Organic mulching Soil aggregate stability Soil binding agents Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) Soil organic carbon(SOC)

Shaping global health promotion:a comprehensive analysis of the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion Conferences(1986-2021)Author links open overlay panel

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 91-96页

作者： Shiyu Liu Meichen sun Na Zhang Zhaozhang sun xiangyang Tian Liming Li Youfa Wang Global Health Institute School of Public HealthXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina School of Nursing Health Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina Department of Culture Media and Creative IndustriesKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Chinese Center for Health Education BeijingChina School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Objective This study analyzed how the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion have played a significant role in shaping and promoting a worldwide consensus and actions on health promotion,effectively addressing diverse health challenges that evolved over different periods.Methods The textual analysis method was used in this study and text encoding was conducted to systematically examine the declarations and reports presented by the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion held during 1986-2021.We summarized the themes and key achievements,and key vocabulary in the conference declarations was extracted and analyzed to construct the global health promotion consensus and actions.Results The fundamental principles of the conferences are to foster consensus and initiate actions in the realm of health promotion on a global scale.The primary purpose and goal are to promote health from regional to global.Significantly,our findings highlight a transition in the primary actors driving health promotion.It underscores a shift in health promotion from being driven primarily by organizations like the World Health Organization,governments,and international bodies,to a more inclusive approach involving non-governmental organizations and the general public.This development implies that health promotion has evolved into a collective global endeavor,demanding the proactive involvement of various stakeholders,and forging new alliances in public health.Meanwhile,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has further shaped the landscape of health promotion,underscoring the need for intensified focus on areas including disease prevention,health education,and the integration of digital health technologies,and emphasizing the importance of a multidimensional,responsive approach in public health initiatives.Conclusions Sustained collaboration and innovative strategies are pivotal to advancing health promotion globally.Countries,together with public and private entities,should intensify cooperation.Multisectoral collaboration among

关键词： Global conference on health promotion Health promotion Consensus and actions

Memory effect in time fractional Schrödinger equation

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 216-221页

作者：祖传金余向阳 School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

A significant obstacle impeding the advancement of the time fractional Schrodinger equation lies in the challenge of determining its precise mathematical formulation.In order to address this,we undertake an exploration of the time fractional Schrodinger equation within the context of a non-Markovian environment.By leveraging a two-level atom as an illustrative case,we find that the choice to raise i to the order of the time derivative is inappropriate.In contrast to the conventional approach used to depict the dynamic evolution of quantum states in a non-Markovian environment,the time fractional Schrodinger equation,when devoid of fractional-order operations on the imaginary unit i,emerges as a more intuitively comprehensible framework in physics and offers greater simplicity in computational aspects.Meanwhile,we also prove that it is meaningless to study the memory of time fractional Schrodinger equation with time derivative 1<α≤2.It should be noted that we have not yet constructed an open system that can be fully described by the time fractional Schrodinger equation.This will be the focus of future research.Our study might provide a new perspective on the role of time fractional Schrodinger equation.

关键词： time fractional Schrodinger equation memory effect non-Markovian environment

Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions in agricultural and forest soils:Observation of a distinct difference

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 147-159页

作者： Xiaoqiang Gong Jinbiao Li Scott X.Chang Qian Wu Zhengfeng An Chengpeng Huang xiangyang sun Suyan Li Hui Wang Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E3Canada College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of AgricultureCollege of GrasslandResources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin’an 311300China

The application of manure-derived biochar offers an alternative to avoid the direct application of manure to soil causing greenhouse gas emission.Soil fauna,especially earthworms,can markedly stimulate carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from soil.This study therefore investigated the effect of cattle manure biochar(added at rates of 0,2%,or 10%,coded as BC0,BC2 and BC10,respectively)application,with or without earthworm Aporrectodea turgida,on emissions of CO_(2) and N_(2)O and changes of physic-chemical properties of agricultural and forest soils in a laboratory incubation experiment.The BC10 treatment significantly enhanced cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 27.9%relative to the untreated control in the agricultural soil.On the contrary,the BC2 and BC10 treatments significantly reduced cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 16.3%–61.1%and N_(2)O emissions by 92.9%–95.1%compared to the untreated control in the forest soil.The addition of earthworm alone significantly enhanced the cumulative CO_(2) and N_(2)O fluxes in agricultural and forest soils.Cumulative CO_(2) and N_(2)O fluxes were significantly increased when BC2 and BC10 were applied with earthworm in the agricultural soil,but were significantly reduced when BC10 was applied with earthworm in the forest soil.Our study demonstrated that biochar application interacted with earthworm to affect CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,which were also dependent on the soil type involved.Our study suggests that manure biochar application rate and use of earthworm need to be carefully studied for specific soil types to maximize the climate change mitigation potential of such management practices.

关键词： Carbon sequestration Forest soil Cattle manure biochar Greenhouse gas emissions Soil fauna

复合增氧剂对建兰水培苗生长及生理特性的影响

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第1期48卷 115-123页

作者：宋雨蒙李素艳孙向阳北京林业大学林学院森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室北京100083

【目的】研究用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和过氧化尿素制备复合增氧剂对建兰(Cymbidium ensifolium)水培苗生长及生理特性的影响。【方法】以直生半年建兰幼苗为试材,设5个处理,分别为CK(不加PAM和过氧化尿素,对照)、T1[不加PAM,10%(质量分数,下... 详细信息

【目的】研究用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和过氧化尿素制备复合增氧剂对建兰(Cymbidium ensifolium)水培苗生长及生理特性的影响。【方法】以直生半年建兰幼苗为试材,设5个处理,分别为CK(不加PAM和过氧化尿素,对照)、T1[不加PAM,10%(质量分数,下同)过氧化尿素]、T2(0.05%PAM,10%过氧化尿素)、T3(0.10%PAM,10%过氧化尿素)、T4(0.20%PAM,10%过氧化尿素),分析其不同时期氧气释放特性及对建兰水培苗生长、光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力和抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】用PAM和过氧化尿素制备复合增氧剂,在一定时间内水体溶氧量显著增高,缓释效应增强;施用复合增氧剂处理的建兰水培苗根系鲜质量、干质量增大,叶长、叶宽和根长增加,根系活力、叶片光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,有利于建兰的生长;在PAM含量较高时(≥0.10%),建兰水培苗成活天数显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高;PAM添加量为0.10%时,建兰水培苗叶片净光合速率和根系通气组织数量最大。【结论】施用PAM和过氧化尿素制备的复合增氧剂可以提高水体溶氧量,PAM含量为0.10%时复合增氧剂能显著提高建兰水培苗的光合性能和根系活性,缓解缺氧胁迫对建兰造成的伤害,改善植株的生理特性。

关键词：聚丙烯酰胺过氧化尿素复合增氧剂水培建兰缺氧胁迫

横波分裂和纵波方位各向异性在油气勘探中的应用

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地球物理学报 2024年第3期67卷 855-870页

作者：李向阳王赟孙鹏远李乐丁拼搏中国石油集团东方地球物理有限责任公司河北涿州072750 中国地质大学(北京)“多波多分量”(MWMC)团队北京100083 中国石油大学(北京)地球物理学院北京102200

本文首先回顾了横波分裂和纵波方位各向异性应用于油气勘探的发展历程;在此基础上重点讨论了二者在上地壳中的分布情况、相互关系及应用条件.横波分裂是地震波传播经过裂缝时所独有的横波双折射现象,40年的科学研究及生产应用表明这一... 详细信息

本文首先回顾了横波分裂和纵波方位各向异性应用于油气勘探的发展历程;在此基础上重点讨论了二者在上地壳中的分布情况、相互关系及应用条件.横波分裂是地震波传播经过裂缝时所独有的横波双折射现象,40年的科学研究及生产应用表明这一物理现象在上地壳中广泛存在,并主要存在于近地表1200 m以浅.纵波方位各向异性从浅到深在上地壳中分布差异较大;应用于检测裂缝时仅对含气裂缝发育区敏感,对含其他流体的裂缝区不敏感.针对裂缝发育区的预测,本文利用理论和实验数据分析论证了横波分裂与纵波方位各向异性的关系;阐明在油气勘探中横波分裂分析与纵波方位各向异性预测裂缝储层须首先消除近地表的影响,这在一定程度上限制了二者的应用.同时阐明二者的应用还需要满足近地表相对简单、裂缝储层相对较厚等条件;且需采集非零偏或环形垂直地震剖面(VSP)资料进行标定.即多分量地震数据品质、近地表地震地质条件及储层方位各向异性发育程度是影响横波分裂及纵波方位各向异性应用效果的3个关键因素.

关键词：横波分裂纵波方位各向异性裂缝检测近地表油气勘探

Sugarcane bagasse amendment improves the quality of green waste vermicompost and the growth of Eisenia fetida

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 65-75页

作者： Linlin Cai xiangyang sun Dan Hao Suyan Li Xiaoqiang Gong Hao Ding Kefei Yu College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Vermicomposting is a feasible method for disposing of lignocellulosic waste while generating a useful product.The current study assessed the potential of vermicomposting green waste mixed with sugarcane bagasse in proportions of 25%,50%,and 75%(v:v,based on dry weight).The suitability was evaluated based on the agrochemical properties,earthworm biomass,and phytotoxicity.The final vermicomposts exhibited near-neutral pH values(7.1-7.6),and lower EC values(0.43-0.72 mS/cm)and C:N ratios(14.1-19.9).The content of available nutrients and CEC for all the vermicomposts exceeded those of the control compost(without earthworms).For vermicomposts,the average values of NO3-N,AP,AK,and CEC were 53,517,1362 mg/kg,and 158 cmol/kg,respectively.The total contents of heavy metals increased in all vermicompost treatments compared to control composts with the following average final percentages:Zn(2.0%),Cr(15.5%),Pb(23.4%),and Cu(44.3%),but these amounts were safe for application in agroforestry.The addition of sugarcane bagasse to green waste significantly increased the content of total humic substance,humic acid and urease activity,acid and alkaline phosphatase activity,and Eisenia fetida reproduction.The addition of 25%sugarcane bagasse to green waste decreased the toxicity to germinating seeds.These results revealed that vermicomposting is a feasible way to degrade green waste into a value-added chemical product.

关键词： Green waste Earthworms Sugarcane bagasse Vermicomposting Nutrient recovery