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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists:Exploring the mechanisms from glycemic control to treatment of multisystemic diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第36期30卷 4036-4043页

作者： Mo-Wei Kong Yang Yu Ying Wan Yu gao chun-xiang Zhang Department of Cardiology Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000Hebei ProvinceChina Department of Cardiology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular ResearchBasic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic DiseasesMinistry of EducationNucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key LaboratorySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina

This editorial takes a deeper look at the insights provided by Soresi and Giannitrapani,which examined the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver *** provide supplementary insights to their research,highlighting the broader systemic implications of GLP-1RAs,synthesizing the current understanding of their mechanisms and the trajectory of research in this ***-1RAs are revolutionizing the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and *** glycemic control,GLP-1RAs demonstrate cardiovascular and renal protective effects,offering potential in managing diabetic kidney disease alongside renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system *** role in bone metabolism hints at benefits for diabetic osteoporosis,while the neuroprotective properties of GLP-1RAs show promise in Alzheimer's disease treatment by modulating neuronal insulin ***,they improve hormonal and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary *** editorial highlights the multifaceted mechanisms of GLP-1RAs,emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully realize their therapeutic potential across a range of multisystemic diseases.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Glycemic control Multisystem diseases Mechanism of action Cardiovascular protection Renal disease Bone metabolism Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Neuroprotection Polycystic ovary syndrome

Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2144-2156页

作者： Ying Ma Yue Qiao xiang gao Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The largescale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.

关键词： antidepressants chronic pain depression exercise hippocampal neurogenesis inflammation inhibition neuroinflammation physical activity deficits social isolation spinal cord injury

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Distortion-aware beamforming design for multi-beam satellite communications with nonlinear power amplifiers

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 359-369页

作者： xiang XIAO Li YOU Kezhi WANG Xiqi gao National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Department of Computer Science Brunel University London

Hardware components can cause different impairments, including power amplifier(PA) nonlinearities, which inevitably impact the system performance of satellite communications(SATCOM). In this work, we consider a multi-beam SATCOM downlink system and investigate the distortion-aware beamforming scheme with the characteristics of PA non-linearities. Notably, we aim to maximize the resource efficiency(RE), defined as the weighted sum of energy efficiency(EE) with spectral efficiency(SE), to obtain a flexible EE-SE tradeoff while accounting for the characteristics of PA distortion and the total power *** that the optimization objective is a sum of ratios and the high non-convexity involved in constraints,we propose an efficient approach that exploits the quadratic transformation, the Lagrange multiplier method,and the gradient ascent approach to handle this issue. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the distortion-aware beamforming approach in achieving the EE-SE tradeoff and exhibit a substantial RE performance gain over the conventional approach with ideal linear PAs assumed at the satellite transmitters.

关键词： multi-beam satellite communications nonlinear power amplifier energy and spectral efficiency tradeoff resource efficiency robust beamforming

Subnatural-linewidth fluorescent single photons

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 625-637页

作者： HE-BIN ZHANG gao-xiang LI YONG-chun LIU State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Huazhong Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China

Subnatural-linewidth single photons are of vital importance in quantum optics and quantum information *** to previous research, it appears difficult to utilize resonance fluorescence to generate single photons with subnatural linewidth. Here we propose a universally applicable approach to generate fluorescent single photons with subnatural linewidth, which can be implemented based on Λ-shape and similar energy ***, the general condition to obtain fluorescent single photons with subnatural linewidth is *** single-photon linewidth can be easily manipulated over a broad range by external fields, which can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the natural linewidth. Our study can be easily implemented in various physical platforms with current experimental techniques and will significantly facilitate the research on the quantum nature of resonance fluorescence and the technologies in quantum information science.

关键词： quantum utilize optics

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Intestinal malrotation complicated with gastric cancer: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 210-216页

作者： xiang-Hao Jia Shuai Kong Xin-Xin gao Bi-Cong Cong chun-Ning Zheng School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250000Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Intestinal malrotation is a congenital defect of embryonic development caused by various teratogenic *** this condition,the intestinal tube,along with the superior mesenteric artery serving as the axis for the counterclockwise movement,is incomplete or abnormally rotated due to incomplete attachment of the mesentery and abnormal intestinal tube *** a case is usually asymp-tomatic and thus difficult to ***,similar variant malformations are only found during an operation required for other abdominal *** SUMMARY An elderly male patient was admitted to the hospital due to gastric *** abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan with contrast revealed that the ascending and descending colon were parallel on the right side of the abdominal cavity,while the sigmoid colon extended into the right iliac fossa,allowing the diagnosis of congenital midgut *** thorough preoperative preparation,the patient underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy to treat his gastric ***,an exploration of the abdominal cavity uncovered the absence of the transverse *** distal colon at the hepatic flexure,along with the ascending colon,extended into the right iliac fossa,where it continued as the sigmoid *** planned,the laparoscopic radical gastrectomy was perform-ed,and the patient was discharged from the hospital 7 d after the *** Asymptomatic intestinal malrotation is best detected by CT,requiring no treatment but possibly interfering with the treatment of other diseases.

关键词： Intestinal malrotation Congenital malformation Gastric cancer Abdominal

Prediction of undeformed chip thickness distribution and surface roughness in ultrasonic vibration grinding of inner hole of bearings

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第4期25卷 311-323页

作者： Yanqin LI Daohui xiang Guofu gao Feng JIAO Bo ZHAO School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal *** randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and impact the surface roughness of ***,previous studies used iterative method to calculate the unformed chip thickness(UCT),which has low computational *** this study,a symbolic difference method is proposed to calculate the *** UCT distributions are obtained to describe the stochastic interaction characteristics of ultrasonic grinding ***,the UCT distribution characteristics under different machining parameters are ***,a surface roughness prediction model is established based on the UCT ***,the correctness of the model is verified by *** study provides a quick and accurate method for predicting surface roughness in longitudinal ultrasonic vibration grinding.

关键词： Ultrasonic vibration grinding Undeformed chip thickness(UCT) Distribution characteristics Surface roughness

Precise Asymptotics in Limit Theorems for a Supercritical Branching Process with Immigration in a Random Environment

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第8期40卷 1850-1874页

作者： chun Mao HUANG Rui ZHANG Zhi Qiang gao Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai)Weihai 264209P.R.China School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875P.R.China

Let(Zn)be a supercritical branching process with immigration in an independent and identically distributed random *** necessary moment conditions,we show the exact convergence rate in the central limit theorem on log Zn and establish the corresponding local limit theorem by using the moments of the natural submartingale and the convergence rates of its *** similar approach and with the help of a change of measure,we also present the so-called integrolocal theorem and integral large deviation theorem to characterize the precise asymptotics of the upper large deviations.

关键词： Branching process with immigration random environment central limit theorem large deviation

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Toward a fundamental understanding of the heterogeneous multiphysics behaviors of silicon monoxide/graphite composite anodes

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 142-158页

作者： xiang gao Suli Li Jiachen Xue Dianyang Hu Jun Xu Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Vehicle Energy and Safety Laboratory(VESL) Battery ComplexityAutonomous Vehicleand Electrification(BATT CAVE)Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Zhuhai CosMX Battery Co.Ltd. ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Data Science University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA

Silicon monoxide(SiO)(silicon[Si]mixed with silicon dioxide[SiO_(2)])/graphite(Gr)composite material is one of the most commercially promising anode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density lithium-ion *** major bottleneck for SiO/Gr composite anode is the poor cyclability arising from the stress/strain behaviors due to the mismatch between two heterogenous materials during the lithiation/delithiation *** date,a meticulous and quantitative understanding of the highly nonlinear coupling behaviors of such materials is still ***,an electro–chemo–mechanics-coupled detailed model containing particle geometries is *** underlying mechanism of the regulation between SiO and Gr components during electrochemical cycling is quantitatively *** discover that increasing the SiO weight percentage(wt%)reduces the utilization efficiency of the active materials at the same 1C rate charging and enhances the hindering effects of stress-driven flux on *** addition,the mechanical constraint demonstrates a balanced effect on the overall performance of cells and the local behaviors of *** study provides new insights into the fundamental interactions between SiO and Gr materials and advances the investigation methodology for the design and evaluation of next-generation high-energydensity batteries.

关键词： interactions lithium-ion batteries mechanical constraint multiphysics modeling Si-based anode

Advances in the research of intestinal fungi in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第39期30卷 4318-4323页

作者： Mo-Wei Kong Yang Yu Peng Wang Ying Wan Yu gao chun-xiang Zhang Department of Cardiology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400037China School of Basic Medical Sciences Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical UniversityChengde 067000Hebei ProvinceChina

This article reviews of the original research published by Wu et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,delving into the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease(CD).Insights were gained from fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)in mouse models,revealing the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota,mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT),and creeping *** study uncovered the characteristics of inflammation and fibrosis in the MAT and intestinal tissues of patients with CD;moreover,through the FMT mouse model,it observed the impact of samples from healthy patients and those with CD on *** pathogenesis of CD is complex,and its etiology remains unclear;however,it is widely believed that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a significant ***,with the development and application of next-generation sequen-cing technology,research on the role of fungi in the pathogenesis and chronicity of CD has *** editorial serves as a supplement to the research by Wu et al who discussed advances related to the study of fungi in CD.

关键词： Intestinal microbiota Crohn's disease pathogenesis Fecal microbiota trans-plantation Mesenteric adipose tissue Gut fungal dynamics