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Bioinspired nanotransducers for neuromodulation

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 618-632页

作者： fan Yang xiang Wu Sa Cai Guosong Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Science Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China

The field of neuromodulation has experienced significant advancements in the past decade,owing to breakthroughs in disciplines such as materials science,genetics,bioengineering,photonics,and beyond.The convergence of these fields has resulted in the development of nanotransducers,devices that harness the synergies of these diverse disciplines.These nanotransducers,essential for neuromodulation,often draw inspiration from energy conversion processes found in nature for their unique modalities.In this review,we will delve into the latest advancements in wireless neuromodulation facilitated by optical,magnetic,and mechanical nanotransducers.We will examine their working principles,properties,advantages,and limitations in comparison to current methods for deep brain neuromodulation,highlighting the impact of natural systems on their design and functionality.Additionally,we will underscore potential future directions,emphasizing how continued progress in materials science,neuroscience,and bioengineering might expand the horizons of what is achievable with nanotransducer-enabled neuromodulation.

关键词： bioinspired synthesis neuromodulation mechanoluminescence focused ultrasound nanotransducers sono-optogenetics

Persistent mixing bursts in the equatorial Pacific thermocline induced by persistent equatorial waves

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 492-510页

作者： Jingjing ZHANG Chuanyu LIU xiang GONG fan WANG School of Mathematics and Physics Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

A recent study by Liu et al.(2020)suggested that due to the saturation of equatorially trapped planetary waves with different dynamical types,temporal periods,meridional and baroclinic modes,complex layer structures of vertical velocity shear and hence turbulent mixing could frequently occur in the thermocline of the eastern equatorial Pacific.We investigated the occurrence of the interior turbulent mixing as indicated by shear instabilities,above the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)core at three equatorial sites along 140°W,170°W,and 165°E,respectively,based mainly on data from the Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean(TAO)mooring array.We found that turbulent mixing bursts persisted in the thermocline of all three sites.Specifically,the interior turbulent mixing layers(ITMLs)could occur in probability of approximately 68%,53%,and 48%at the three sites,respectively.The overall occurrence probability shows obvious and similar biannual variations at 140°W and 170°W,which is higher in boreal from late summer to winter and lower in spring.Vertically,the ITMLs are primarily located above the EUC core and prevail in deeper(shallower)layers from late summer to winter(spring).Most ITMLs(70%)lasted for hours to 3 days,and a few of them(15%)for more than 7 days.The thicknesses of ITMLs were concentrated between 15 and 55 m.At 165°E,the vertical distribution of ITML occurrence probability was different from that at 140°W and 170°W,as it did not show a preference for depths;the durations of ITMLs are short(also from hours to several days)and their thicknesses were between 5 and 25 m.These properties,particularly the high occurrence probability,and short durations demonstrated the persistence of thermocline mixing in the western to eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline and confirmed the generation mechanism by persistent equatorial waves as well.

关键词： interior turbulent mixing layer(ITML) weakly sheared layer(WSL) Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)core occurrence probability seasonality

Molecular mechanism of Xuebijing in treating pyogenic liver abscess complicated with sepsis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 35-40页

作者： Wei Zhou Maiying fan xiang Li fang Yu En Zhou Xiaotong Han Department of Emergency Medicine the First Affi liated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People’s HospitalChangsha 410005China Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery the First Affi liated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People’s HospitalChangsha 410005China

BACKGROUND:Xuebijing(XBJ)can alleviate the inflammatory response,improve organ function,and shorten the intensive care unit(ICU)stay in patients with pyogenic liver abscess(PLA)complicated with sepsis,but the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of XBJ in treating PLA complicated with sepsis using a network pharmacology approach.METHODS:The active ingredients and targets of XBJ were retrieved from the ETCM database.Potential targets related to PLA and sepsis were retrieved from the GeneCards,PharmGKB,DisGeNet,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM),Therapeutic Targets Database(TTD),and DrugBank databases.The targets of PLA complicated with sepsis were mapped to the targets of XBJ to identify potential treatment targets.Protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed using the STRING database.Potential treatment targets were imported into the Metascape platform for Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.Molecular docking was performed to validate the interactions between active ingredients and core targets.RESULTS:XBJ was found to have 54 potential treatment targets for PLA complicated with sepsis.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)were identifi ed as core targets.KEGG enrichment analysis revealed important pathways,including the interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,the TNF signaling pathway,the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,and the Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway.Molecular docking experiments indicated stable binding between XBJ active ingredients and core targets.CONCLUSION:XBJ may exert therapeutic eff ects on PLA complicated with sepsis by modulating signaling pathways,such as the IL-17,TNF,NF-κB,and TLR pathways,and targeting IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF.

关键词： Xuebijing injection Pyogenic liver abscess Sepsis

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 239-249页

作者： Guang-xiang Gu Shu-Ting Pan Yi-Chen fan Chen Chen Qiang Xia Department of Liver Surgery Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineNo.160 Pujian RoadPudong New DistrictShanghai 200128China Department of Liver Transplantation Sun Yet-Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityNo.107 Yanjiang West RoadGuangzhou 510080China Clinical Center for Investigation Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Background Liver transplantation is the main treatment for cholestatic liver disease and some metabolic liver diseases in children.However,no accurate prediction model to determine the survival probability of grafts prior to surgery exists.This study aimed to develop an effective prognostic model for allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation.Methods This retrospective cohort study included 2032 patients who underwent pediatric liver transplantation between January 1,2006,and January 1,2020.A nomogram was developed using Cox regression and validated based on bootstrap sampling.Predictive and discriminatory accuracies were determined using the concordance index and visualized using calibration curves;net benefits were calculated for model comparison.An online Shiny application was developed for easy access to the model.Results Multivariable analysis demonstrated that preoperative diagnosis,recipient age,body weight,graft type,preoperative total bilirubin,interleukin-1β,portal venous blood flow direction,spleen thickness,and the presence of heart disease and cholangitis were independent factors for survival,all of which were selected in the nomogram.Calibration of the nomogram indicated that the 1-,3-,and 5-year predicted survival rates agreed with the actual survival rate.The concordance indices for graft survival at 1,3,and 5 years were 0.776,0.757,and 0.753,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh scoring systems.The allograft dysfunction risk of a recipient could be easily predicted using the following URL:https://aspelt.***.io/ASPELT/l Conclusion The allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation(ASPELT)score model can effectively predict the graft survival rate after liver transplantation in children,providing a simple and convenient evaluation method for clinicians and patients.

关键词： Allograft survival Nomogram Pediatric liver transplantation

Electrostatic removal of ultrafine carbon black with square-grooved collecting plates:Insights for capturing black carbon emitted from ships

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 559-569页

作者： Zhicheng Wu YifanWang Lingyu Shao Hao Zhang Haobo Dai Haidong fan Chenghang Zheng xiang Gao State Key Lab of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution ControlZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of ManchesterOxford RoadUnited Kingdom Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Engineering Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310012China Baima Lake Laboratory(Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Energy and Carbon Neutrality) Hangzhou 310000China

Ships and other mobile pollution sources emitted massive ultrafine and low-resistivity particles containing black carbon(BC),which were harmful to human health and were difficult to capture by conventional electrostatic precipitators(ESPs).In this study,nanoscale carbon black was adopted as simulated particles(SP)with similar physicochemical properties for black carbon emitted from ships(SP-BC)to investigate the feasibility of using an ESP with square-grooved collecting plates for the removal of SP-BC at low backpressures.The increased applied voltage significantly improved the total collection of SP-BC whereas may also promote the conversion of relatively larger particle size SP-BC into nano-size below 20nm.The outlet number concentration of SP-BC under 27 kV at 130℃was three times that of the inlet.While the reduction of the flow rate could strengthen the capture of SP-BC below20 nm,and under the combined action of low flow rate and maximum applied voltage,the collection efficiency of 20-100 nm SP-BC could exceed 90%.In addition,the escape and capture characteristics of SP-BC under long-term rapping were revealed.The square-grooved collecting plate could effectively restrain the re-entrainment of collected SP-BC generated by rapping,and the nanoscale SP-BC was trapped in the grooves after rapping.The results could provide insights into the profound removal of massive nanoscale black carbon emissions from mobile sources.

关键词： Simulated ship black carbon Electrostatic removal Square-grooved collecting plate Long-term rapping

Relationship between physical activity and specific working memory indicators of depressive symptoms in university students

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 148-158页

作者： Qun Zhao Xing Wang Shu-fan Li Peng Wang xiang Wang Xin Xin Suo-Wang Yin Zhao-Song Yin Li-juan Mao School of Physical Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Physical Education Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to statistics,self-harm and suicide,for which there is no effective intervention,are the second leading causes of death.AIM To explore the relationship between different elements and levels of physical activity and college students’depression-symptom-specific working memory indicators.METHODS Of 143 college students were analyzed using the Beck Depression Self-Rating Scale,the Physical Activity Rating Scale,and the Working Memory Task.RESULTS There was a significant difference between college students with depressive symptoms and healthy college students in completing verbal and spatial working memory(SWM)tasks correctly(all P0.05).CONCLUSION An increase in physical exercise among college students,particularly medium-and high-intensity exercise and exercise of 30 min or more,can improve the correct rate of completing working memory tasks.

关键词： Physical activity Depression symptoms University students Working memory

Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第2期16卷 80-91页

作者： Jiao-Yu Cao Li-xiang Zhang Xiao-juan Zhou Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a severe cardiovascular disease caused by the blockage of coronary arteries that leads to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium.Timely medical contact is critical for successful AMI treatment,and delays increase the risk of death for patients.Pre-hospital delay time(PDT)is a significant challenge for reducing treatment times,as identifying high-risk patients with AMI remains difficult.This study aims to construct a risk prediction model to identify high-risk patients and develop targeted strategies for effective and prompt care,ultimately reducing PDT and improving treatment outcomes.AIM To construct a nomogram model for forecasting pre-hospital delay(PHD)likelihood in patients with AMI and to assess the precision of the nomogram model in predicting PHD risk.METHODS A retrospective cohort design was employed to investigate predictive factors for PHD in patients with AMI diagnosed between January 2022 and September 2022.The study included 252 patients,with 180 randomly assigned to the development group and the remaining 72 to the validation group in a 7:3 ratio.Independent risk factors influencing PHD were identified in the development group,leading to the establishment of a nomogram model for predicting PHD in patients with AMI.The model's predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve in both the development and validation groups.RESULTS Independent risk factors for PHD in patients with AMI included living alone,hyperlipidemia,age,diabetes mellitus,and digestive system diseases(P<0.05).A characteristic curve analysis indicated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.787(95%confidence interval:0.716–0.858)and 0.770(95%confidence interval:0.660-0.879)in the development and validation groups,respectively,demonstrating the model's good discriminatory ability.The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test revealed no statistically significant disparity between the anticipated and observed incidence of PHD in both

关键词： Pre-hospital delay Acute myocardial infarction Risk prediction Nomogram

High-sensitive state perception method for inverter-fed machine turn insulation based on FrFT-Mel

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第2期7卷 155-165页

作者： Ruitian fan Xing Lei Tao Jia Menglong Qin Hao Li Dawei xiang College of Electrical Power Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090P.R.China State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company Shanghai 200437P.R.China State Grid Technology College Shandong 250002P.R.China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804P.R.China

Amidst the swift advancement of new power systems and electric vehicles,inverter-fed machines have progressively materialized as a pivotal apparatus for efficient energy conversion.Stator winding turn insulation failure is the root cause of inverter-fed machine breakdown.The online monitoring of turn insulation health can detect potential safety risks promptly,but faces the challenge of weak characteristics of turn insulation degradation.This study proposes an innovative method to evaluate the turn insulation state of inverter-fed machines by utilizing the fractional Fourier transform with a Mel filter(FrFT-Mel).First,the sensitivity of the high-frequency(HF)switching oscillation current to variations in turn insulation was analyzed within the fractional domain.Subsequently,an improved Mel filter is introduced,and its structure and parameters are specifically designed based on the features intrinsic to the common-mode impedance resonance point of the electrical machine.Finally,an evaluation index was proposed for the turn insulation state of inverter-fed machines.Experimental results on a 3kW permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM)demonstrate that the proposed FrFT-Mel method significantly enhances the sensitivity of turn insulation state perception by approximately five times,compared to the traditional Fourier transform method.

关键词： State perception Turn insulation Switching oscillation Fractional Fourier transform Mel filter

The marriage of immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic capabilities in a piezoelectric hydrogel tissue engineering scafold for military medicine

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 323-344页

作者： Ping Wu Lin Shen Hui-fan Liu xiang-Hui Zou juan Zhao Yu Huang Yu-fan Zhu Zhao-Yu Li Chao Xu Li-Hua Luo Zhi-Qiang Luo Min-Hao Wu Lin Cai Xiao-Kun Li Zhou-Guang Wang Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishui 323000ZhejiangChina Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000ZhejiangChina Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Overseas Education College Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021FujianChina School and Hospital of Stomatology Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina

Background:Most bone-related injuries to grassroots troops are caused by training or accidental injuries.To establish preventive measures to reduce all kinds of trauma and improve the combat effectiveness of grassroots troops,it is imperative to develop new strategies and scafolds to promote bone regeneration.Methods:In this study,a porous piezoelectric hydrogel bone scafold was fabricated by incorporating polydopamine(PDA)-modified ceramic hydroxyapatite(PDA-hydroxyapatite,PHA)and PDA-modified barium titanate(PDABaTiO3,PBT)nanoparticles into a chitosan/gelatin(Cs/Gel)matrix.The physical and chemical properties of the Cs/Gel/PHA scafold with 0–10 wt%PBT were analyzed.Cell and animal experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic capabilities of the piezoelectric hydrogel scafold in vitro and in vivo.Results:The incorporation of BaTiO3into the scafold improved its mechanical properties and increased self-generated electricity.Due to their endogenous piezoelectric stimulation and bioactive constituents,the prepared Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels exhibited cytocompatibility as well as immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic capabilities;they not only effectively induced macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype but also promoted the migration,tube formation,and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and facilitated the migration,osteodifferentiation,and extracellular matrix(ECM)mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells.The in vivo evaluations showed that these piezoelectric hydrogels with versatile capabilities significantly facilitated new bone formation in a rat large-sized cranial injury model.The underlying molecular mechanism can be partly attributed to the immunomodulation of the Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels as shown via transcriptome sequencing analysis,and the PI3K/Akt signaling axis plays an important role in regulating macrophage M2 polarization.Conclusion:The piezoelectric Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels developed here with favorable immunomodulation,

关键词： Piezoelectric hydrogel Tissue engineering scafold Immunomodulation Angiogenesis Osteogenic differentiation