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Ferrets: A powerful model of SARS-CoV-2

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Zoological Research 2023年第2期44卷 323-330页

作者： Yan Zhao Chang-Le Wang Zhi-Yun Gao Hong-Xiu Qiao Wei-Jie Wang Xin-Yan Liu Xia Chuai Department of Pathogenic Biology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Institute of Medicine and Healthy of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Department of Oncology Hebei Provincial Thoracic HospitalShijiazhuangHebei 050010China

The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) in recent years not only caused a global pandemic but resulted in enormous social,economic,and health burdens worldwide.Despite considerable efforts to combat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),various SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged,and their underlying mechanisms of pathogenicity remain largely unknown.Furthermore,effective therapeutic drugs are still under development.Thus,an ideal animal model is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and for the preclinical evaluation of vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and variant infections.Currently,several animal models,including mice,hamsters,ferrets,and nonhuman primates(NHPs),have been established to study COVID-19.Among them,ferrets are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are considered suitable for COVID-19 study.Here,we summarize recent developments and application of SARS-CoV-2 ferret models in studies on pathogenesis,therapeutic agents,and vaccines,and provide a perspective on the role of these models in preventing COVID-19 spread.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Animal models Ferret Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor

Long-term asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with deficiency on multiple immune cells

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第3期4卷 205-208页

作者： Gang He Xia Chuai Dan Liang Chunyu Chen Changzheng Hu Changwen Ke Bixia Ke Peilin Zhen Huajun Zhang Jiangmen Central Hospital affiliated with Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Jiangmen 529000China Department of Pathogenic Biology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou 511430China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China

The immune responses and the function of immune cells among asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection cases,especially in immuno‐compromised individuals,remain largely unknown.Here we present a case of asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that lasted for at least 67 days.The patient has administrated Thymalfasin as 1.6 mg per dose every other day from Day 45 to 70,plus 200 mg per dose Arbidol antiviral therapy three doses per day from Day 48 to 57.Throughout the infection,no anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgM or IgG antibodies were detected.Instead,the patient showed either a low percentage or an absolute number of non‐classical monocytes,dendritic cells(DCs),CD4^(+)T cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs),which may account for the clinical feature and absence of antibody response.This case may shed new light on the outbreak management related to control/prevention,treatment,and vaccination of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other virus infections in immunocompromised individuals.

关键词： SARS‐CoV‐2 COVID‐19 Asymptomatic infection Antibody response Immune cells

Ebola virus VP35 perturbs type I interferon signaling to facilitate viral replication

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第6期38卷 922-930页

作者： Zengguo Cao Chenchen Liu Cheng Peng Yong Ran Yulin Yao Gengfu xiao Entao Li Zixi Chen Xia Chuai Sandra Chiu Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190China National Biosafety Laboratory Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430020China Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of Chin1Hefei230026China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal BiotechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

As one of the deadliest viruses,Ebola virus(EBOV)causes lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates.The suppression of innate immunity leads to robust systemic virus replication of EBOV,leading to enhanced transmission.However,the mechanism of EBOV-host interaction is not fully understood.Here,we identified multiple dysregulated genes in early stage of EBOV infection through transcriptomic analysis,which are highly clustered to Jak-STAT signaling.EBOV VP35 and VP30 were found to inhibit type I interferon(IFN)signaling.Moreover,exogenous expression of VP35 blocks the phosphorylation of endogenous STAT1,and suppresses nuclear translocation of STAT1.Using serial truncated mutations of VP35,N-terminal 1–220amino acid residues of VP35 were identified to be essential for blocking on type I IFN signaling.Remarkably,VP35 of EBOV suppresses type I IFN signaling more efficiently than those of Bundibugyo virus(BDBV)and Marburg virus(MARV),resulting in stable replication to facilitate the pathogenesis.Altogether,this study enriches understanding on EBOV evasion of innate immune response,and provides insights into the interplay between filoviruses and host.

关键词： Ebola virus(EBOV) Type I interferon(IFN)signaling Viral replication

Comparative study on virus shedding patterns in nasopharyngeal and fecal specimens of COVID-19 patients

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第3期64卷 486-488页

作者： Ning Zhang Yuhuan Gong Fanping Meng Yi Shi Jun Wang Panyong Mao Xia Chuai Yuhai Bi Penghui Yang Fusheng Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Earlywarning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100039China Department of Pathogenic Biology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen Third People’s HospitalShenzhen 518112China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China

Dear Editor,An acute viral pneumonia(COVID-19),caused by the novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2,was first identified during December 2019 in China(Zhu et al.,2020).SARSCoV-2 was found to be highly transmissible in humans(Wang et al.,2020)and is now a pandemic spreading to over 140 countries and causing over 150,000 infections and 6,000 deaths as of March 15,2020.Diagnosis is critical for confirmation and treatment of COVID-19.Currently the primary criterion for diagnosis of COVID-19 is viral RNA detection for respiratory samples.Recently,two studies on virus loads in clinical samples reported that viral loads in nasal and throat swabs and sputum specimens peaked at 3–7 days after illness onset(d.a.o.)and virtually disappeared before 15 d.a.o.(Pan et al.,2020;Zou et al.,2020).Another study showed that the median duration of virus shedding in throat swabs was 20 d.***.o.in survivors and was detectable until death in non-survivors(Zhou et al.,2020).Additionally,live viruses have been isolated in the feces and urine samples of COVID-19 patients.However,the viral dynamics in these types of specimens has not yet been clearly elucidated,as well as comparative studies on virus shedding in the upper respiratory,intestinal,and urinary tracts.

关键词： patients diagnosis urine

Duration of humoral immunity from smallpox vaccination and its cross-reaction with Mpox virus

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第10期8卷 4942-4948页

作者： Entao Li xiaoping Guo Dongxiang Hong Qizan Gong Wenyu Xie Tingting Li Jian Wang Xia Chuai Sandra Chiu Department of Laboratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui China Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina Department of Clinical Laboratory First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubeiChina Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine HefeiAnhuiChina Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases HefeiAnhuiChina

The ongoing pandemic caused by mpox virus(MPxV)has become an international public health emergency that poses a significant threat to global health.The vaccinia virus Tiantan strain(VTT)was used to vaccinate against smallpox in China 42 years ago.It is urgent to assess the level of immunity to smallpox in individuals vaccinated 43 or more years ago and evaluate their immunological susceptibility to MPxV.

关键词： immunity vaccination susceptibility

HBV precore G1896A mutation promotes growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating ERK/MAPK pathway

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第5期38卷 680-689页

作者： Baoxin Zhao Hongxiu Qiao Yan Zhao Zhiyun Gao Weijie Wang Yan Cui Jian Li Zhanjun Guo Xia Chuai Sandra Chiu Institute of Medical and Health Science Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China Department of Pathogen Biology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050000China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430207China Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The HBV genome is prone to mutate and several variants are closely related to the malignant transformation of liver disease.G1896A mutation(G to A mutation at nucleotide 1896)is one of the most frequently observed mutations in the precore region of HBV,which prevents HBeAg expression and is strongly associated with HCC.However,the mechanisms by which this mutation causes HCC are unclear.Here,we explored the function and molecular mechanisms of the G1896A mutation during HBV-associated HCC.G1896A mutation remarkably enhanced the HBV replication in vitro.Moreover,it increased tumor formation and inhibited apoptosis of hepatoma cells,and decreased the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib.Mechanistically,the G1896A mutation could activate ERK/MAPK pathway to enhanced sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and augmented cell survival and growth.Collectively,our study demonstrates for the first time that the G1896A mutation has a dual regulatory role in exacerbating HCC severity and sheds some light on the treatment of G1896A mutation-associated HCC patients.

关键词： HBV G1896A mutation Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Proliferation Apoptosis ERK/MAPK

Multitask Learning for Common Spatial Patterns

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Multitask Learning for Common Spatial Patterns

第37届中国控制会议

作者： Wei xia Lin chuai Mengmeng Huang Yuanqing Li School of Automation and Engineering South China University of Technology The Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London University Of Science and Technology Of The Inner Mongolia

Common spatial pattern（CSP） is a spatial filtering algorithm which can be used in motor imagery-based braincomputer interface（BCI） for extracting spatial feature of multivariate signals. But CSP algorithm has inherent drawback, which is that the estimation of the covariance matrices is sensitive to noise, and when few data are available, CSP algorithm is very likely to overfit while it is very time consuming to collect large amount of training data from each task. In this paper, we propose a multitask learning method to extract discriminative subspace shared between subjects and regularize CSP away from the orthogonal complement of this subspace. We compared our method with the standard CSP algorithm on three publicly available datasets of BCI competitions, and an significant performance gain was observed, which therefore demonstrated the advantage of the proposed method.

关键词： Common Spatial Pattern（CSP） brain-computer interface（BCI） multitask learning

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山西煤矿企业的行为安全评价研究

煤矿安全 2020年第6期51卷 255-259页

作者：尹斌申霞揣小明山西天地王坡煤业有限公司山西晋城048021 河南理工大学应急管理学院河南焦作454000

以山西某煤矿为研究对象,通过资料搜集整理、问卷调查和深度访谈方法辨识该企业人的不安全行为情况,并利用风险矩阵方法与模型评估方法,评价企业行为安全现状水平,得出的主要结果如下:共发现煤矿企业的不安全行为总数为842种,其中选煤... 详细信息

以山西某煤矿为研究对象,通过资料搜集整理、问卷调查和深度访谈方法辨识该企业人的不安全行为情况,并利用风险矩阵方法与模型评估方法,评价企业行为安全现状水平,得出的主要结果如下:共发现煤矿企业的不安全行为总数为842种,其中选煤厂、运输队和风井管理部3个部门的不安全行为数量最多,分别占该煤矿不安全行为总数的23.3%、9.7%和9.3%;风险指数为高的不安全行为总数为172种,占所有不安全行为总数的14.5%。其中,选煤厂、综掘一队和井下机电队3个部门高风险不安全行为的数量最多,维修钳工、矿山救护员、钻机司机3个工种高风险不安全行为的数量最多;对"遵章守纪可以杜绝事故"的认同度低、不能有效开展行为矫正活动和安全管理人员安全绩效考核欠规范等是该煤矿企业出现人的不安全行为的10项主要原因;并提出了减少企业不安全行为的4项具体措施。

关键词：煤矿安全管理不安全行为风险评价对策措施

以BAC为基础的水痘-带状疱疹病毒的感染性克隆技术及其应用

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中国生物工程杂志 2010年第5期30卷 110-115页

作者：揣侠谭文杰中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所北京100052

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)属于疱疹病毒科α亚科,其原发感染为水痘,潜伏再度激活则引起带状疱疹。目前对其基因功能和疫苗的减毒机制尚不十分清楚。细菌人工染色(BAC)是一种新的用于大分子DNA克隆的载体系统,它具有容量大、遗传稳定、操... 详细信息

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)属于疱疹病毒科α亚科,其原发感染为水痘,潜伏再度激活则引起带状疱疹。目前对其基因功能和疫苗的减毒机制尚不十分清楚。细菌人工染色(BAC)是一种新的用于大分子DNA克隆的载体系统,它具有容量大、遗传稳定、操作简单等优点。将VZV全基因组克隆至BAC系统构建成VZV的感染性克隆,并利用现代基因修饰技术可极大促进对该病毒的研究。就近年来以BAC为基础VZV感染性克隆技术的建立和应用做一综述。

关键词：水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV) 细菌人工染色体(BAC) 感染性克隆