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1986—2018年国家自然科学基金民族医药领域资助情况分析

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中国中药杂志 2019年第13期44卷 2886-2892页

作者：朱田田刘学伟韩立炜张凤珠甘肃中医药大学甘肃兰州730000 齐齐哈尔医学院黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部北京100085

该文对1986—2018年国家自然科学基金民族医学、民族药学相关研究的申请和资助情况进行总结;对蒙古族、维吾尔族、藏族、壮族、苗族等民族医药领域资助项目的类别、数量与经费、主要研究内容等进行分析,旨在为民族医药项目的申报提供一... 详细信息

该文对1986—2018年国家自然科学基金民族医学、民族药学相关研究的申请和资助情况进行总结;对蒙古族、维吾尔族、藏族、壮族、苗族等民族医药领域资助项目的类别、数量与经费、主要研究内容等进行分析,旨在为民族医药项目的申报提供一定的参考。结果表明,民族医药项目的申请数量和资助数量的增长速度在2011年之后有显著提升,但其整体研究水平还有待进一步提高,且缺乏适合民族医药研究的特色与途径,尚需内地医学高等学府和科研机构给予更大的关注,共同推动民族医药领域基础研究的发展。

关键词：国家自然科学基金民族医学民族药学资助项目

Concise Total Synthesis of Dysoxylactam A and a Simplified Analog

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第17期40卷 2027-2034页

作者： Guan-Zhou Yang Lei Wang Yao-Yue Fan Zeng-Wei Lai xue-Ni Yu Li-Guang Lou Kun Gao Jian-Min Yue State Key Laboratory of applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University222 Tianshui South RoadLanzhouGansu730000 China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi RoadShanghai201203 China university of Chinese Academy of sciences No.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049 China

A total synthesis of 17-membered macrocyclolipopeptide dysoxylactam A,a potent agent reversing P-glycoprotein(P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance(MDR)in cancer cells,was developed from the starting material(S)-2-methylbutanal in a linear sequence of 12 steps with 23.2%overall *** key steps include proline-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reaction,Evans aldol reaction and Krische allylation to construct the multiple stereocenters containing fragment,and ring-closing metathesis to furnish the *** total synthesis facilitates the preparation of large amount samples of dysoxylactam A and the side chain simplified derivatives for further biological tests and preliminary structure-activity relationship exploration.

关键词： Total synthesis Dysoxylactam A Macrocyclolipopeptide Reversing multidrug resistance Structure-activity relationship

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN china AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON NEUTRALITY

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 226-233页

作者： Zhiping zhu Yue WANG Ting YAN Zherui ZHANG Shunli WANG Hongmin DONG Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing 100081China college of Resources and Environmental sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Animal husbandry is a major source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in *** the emissions from the livestock sector is vital for green development of agriculture in *** on National Communication on Climate Change of United Nations,this study aims to investigate the characteristics of GHG emissions of animal husbandry during 1994 to 2014,introduce major emission reduction technologies and their effectiveness,and investigate options for emission reduction for the livestock sector in *** proposes that control of pollution and carbon emissions can be realized through increased animal productivity,improved feed quality and recycling of animal *** paper thus concludes with suggestions of green and lowcarbon development of animal husbandry,including the research and development of new technology for emission reduction and carbon sequestration of the livestock sector,enhancement of monitoring and evaluation,and establishment of emission reduction and carbon sequestration standards.

关键词： animal husbandry emission reduction solutions feed improvement greenhouse gases emission manure management

High-throughput research on superconductivity

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第12期27卷 9-15页

作者： Mingyang Qin Zefeng Lin Zhongxu Wei Beiyi zhu Jie Yuan Kui Jin beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA

As an essential component of the Materials Genome Initiative aiming to shorten the period of materials research and development, combinatorial synthesis and rapid characterization technologies have been playing a more and more important role in exploring new materials and comprehensively understanding materials properties. In this review, we discuss the advantages of high-throughput experimental techniques in researches on superconductors. The evolution of combinatorial thin-film technology and several high-speed screening devices are briefly introduced. We emphasize the necessity to develop new high-throughput research modes such as a combination of high-throughput techniques and conventional methods.

关键词： superconductivity materials genome initiative high-throughput experimental technology high-throughput research mode

燕山北部山地华北落叶松人工林大气湿沉降的养分输入研究

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河北农业大学学报 2024年第4期47卷 36-44页

作者：田贺张梦悦李校卢金平奚悦朱剑兴许中旗贾彦龙河北农业大学林学院河北保定071000 河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局河北围场068400 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

为了解燕山北部山地森林全年降水中养分的输入情况,本研究以燕山北部山地华北落叶松(Larix principisrupprechtii)人工林为研究对象,对2020年8月—2021年7月该地区的降水进行收集,并测定降水中大量元素、微量元素和重金属元素的含量,分... 详细信息

为了解燕山北部山地森林全年降水中养分的输入情况,本研究以燕山北部山地华北落叶松(Larix principisrupprechtii)人工林为研究对象,对2020年8月—2021年7月该地区的降水进行收集,并测定降水中大量元素、微量元素和重金属元素的含量,分析了各元素沉降的季节动态和元素间的相关性。结果表明:(1)大量元素沉降量整体表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,其中氮、磷、钾、硫元素的总沉降量分别为9.87、0.04、2.28、240.59 kg/hm^(2)。(2)微量元素中大部分元素的沉降量同样表现为夏季最高;氯、铁、锰、锌、铜元素的沉降总量值分别为6582.39、12.76、6.26、30.32、3.91 g/hm^(2);硼元素的沉降量为春季最高,沉降总量值为68.18 g/hm^(2)。(3)重金属元素中铬、锂、镍3种元素的沉降量为夏季最高,总沉降量分别为2.30、2.42、1.64 g/hm^(2);镉、钴2种元素的沉降量为秋季最高,总沉降量分别为0.43、0.14 g/hm^(2);铅元素的沉降量为冬季最高,总沉降量为1.41 g/hm^(2)。(4)元素相关性分析结果显示,总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)与钾,氯元素、锌元素与锰元素都呈现正相关关系,所以大量元素中的氮、磷、钾,微量元素中的锰、锌、氯可能有着相同的来源或相似的迁移规律。本研究初步明确了燕山北部山地森林全年降水中的养分输入量,对于认识该地区森林的养分循环有重要意义。

关键词：大气湿沉降大量元素微量元素重金属元素季节动态

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Using X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual particle surface area, volume, and morphology towards investigating atmospheric heterogeneous reactions

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第7期30卷 23-32页

作者： Mingjin Wang Nan Zheng Tong zhu Jing Shang Ting Yu Xiaojuan Song Defeng Zhao Yong Guan Yangchao Tian BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPCl College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029 China

Heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol particle surface in the atmosphere play important roles in air pollution, climate change, and global biogeochemical cycles. However, the reported uptake coefficients of heterogeneous reactions usually have large variations and may not be relevant to real atmospheric conditions. One of the major reasons for this is the use of bulk samples in laboratory experiments, while particles in the atmosphere are suspended individually. A number of technologies have been developed recently to study heterogeneous reactions on the surfaces of individual particles. Precise measurements on the reactive surface area, volume, and morphology of individual particles are necessary for calculating the uptake coefficient, quantifying reactants and products, and understanding the reaction mechanism better. In this study, for the first time we used synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography（XCT） and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual CaCO_3 particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 3.5–6.5 μm. Particle surface area and volume were calculated using a reconstruction method based on software threedimensional（3-D） rendering. The XCT was first validated with high-resolution fieldemission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） to acquire accurate CaCO_3 particle surface area and volume estimates. Our results showed an average difference of only 6.1% in surface area and 3.2% in volume measured either by micro-Raman spectrometry or X-ray tomography. X-ray tomography and FE-SEM can provide more morphological details of individual Ca CO3 particles than micro-Raman spectrometry. This study demonstrated that X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry can precisely measure the surface area, volume, and morphology of an individual particle.

关键词： Heterogeneous reactions Individual CaCO3 particle Micro-Raman spectrometry Synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography Morphology Surface area Volume

Epigenetics recording varied environment and complex cell events represents the origin of cellular aging

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2019年第7期20卷 550-562页

作者： xue-jun GUO Dong YANG Xiang-yuan ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Gene Engineering and Biotechnology beijing Key Laboratory College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Although a relationship between epigenetics and aging phenotypic changes has been established,a theoretical explanation of the intrinsic connection between the epigenetics and aging is *** this essay,we propose that epigenetic recording of varied cell environment and complex history could be an origin of cellular *** epigenetic modifications,the environment and historical events can induce the chromatin template into an activated or repressive accessible structure,thereby shaping the DNA template into a spectrum of chromatin *** inner nature of diversity and conflicts born by the cell environment and its historical events are hence recorded into the chromatin *** could result in a dissipated spectrum of the chromatin state and chaos in overall gene *** unavoidable degradation of epigenome entropy,similar to Shannon entropy,would be consequently *** resultant disorder in epigenome,characterized by corrosion of epigenome entropy as reflected in chromatin template,can be stably memorized and propagated through cell ***,the hysteretic nature of epigenetics responding to the emerging environment could exacerbate the degradation of epigenome *** well as stochastic errors,we propose that outside entropy(or chaos) derived from the varied environment and complex cell history,gradually input and imprinted into the chromatin via epigenetic modifications,would lead inevitably to cellular aging,the extent of which could be aggravated by hysteresis of epigenetics without error erasing and correction.

关键词： Epigenetics Environment Cell event Cellular aging Epigenome entropy DNA methylation

Study on the comparison of the pyrolysis gas release of lignite and its briquette

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(china) 2012年第2期18卷 177-181页

作者： zhu Shi-feng CHU Mo ZHAO Fei-xiang college of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

In this experiment, lignite was refined and processed through binderless briquette preparation process from low-rank coal and became briquette. Then, lignite and its briquette were pyrolysed as materials to compare the nature of their pyrolysis. In this study, the experiment was carried out through a lab tube furnace, at a heating rate of 10 ~C/min, and the gas was analyzed and compared, which was collected at different temperatures. The results show that： in the pyrolysis temperature of 550-850 ℃, the semi-coke yield of briquette is 2%-6% higher than lignite, the tar yield of briquette is 2%-3% higher than lignite and the gas yield of briquette is 4%-9% less than lignite. The time required for complete release of the briquette is about 20 min less than lignite. The components in the pyrolysis gas of lignite and its briquette are the same, and their variation with the pyrolysis temperature is similar.

关键词： pyrolysis gas lignite briquette

卫生管理专业本科生成本意识现状及增强路径研究

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卫生职业教育 2024年第7期42卷 19-22页

作者：王兆旸陈晨陆维朱俊利首都医科大学北京100069

目的了解首都医科大学卫生管理专业本科生成本意识现状,并探讨学生成本意识培养路径。方法采用问卷调查学生日常消费和成本意识情况,并对问卷调查结果进行统计分析。结果在日常消费方面,25.69%的学生存在经常超支情况;在成本意识方面,19... 详细信息

目的了解首都医科大学卫生管理专业本科生成本意识现状,并探讨学生成本意识培养路径。方法采用问卷调查学生日常消费和成本意识情况,并对问卷调查结果进行统计分析。结果在日常消费方面,25.69%的学生存在经常超支情况;在成本意识方面,19.27%的学生认为大学生活清闲,经常无所事事;学生成本意识自我认识与实际情况有差异。结论卫生管理专业本科生虽然有一定的成本意识,但有较大的增强空间,学生成本意识自我认识与实际情况有差异,因此建议多维度增强学生成本意识。

关键词：卫生管理专业本科生成本意识医院财务管理学