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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao lai xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Characters of Cysteine Endopeptidases in Wheat Endosperm during Seed Germination and Subsequent Seedling Growth

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第1期51卷 52-57页

作者： Chao Shi Lang-lai xu College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

The endopeptidases （EPs） in wheat endosperm during seed germination and subsequent seedling growth were characterized by gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with gelatin copolymerized into the gel. Four cysteine EPs （EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4） were detected in wheat endosperm during the 7 d growth after seed imbibition. The results also showed that the activities of all of these EPs increased continuously, and EP2 first appeared and had the highest proteolytic activity among the four EPs in this experimental process. The optimum pH and temperature of all four EPs were 4.0 and 40.0 ~C. All EPs were completely inhibited by 25 μmol/L E-64 and had no good thermal stabilities, especially EP1. In addition, these EPs had different substrate specificities to albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins; the main storage proteins of mature wheat endosperm. Among them, EP2 had the highest proteolytic activities on globulins, gliadins and glutenins, and might be the most important and specific EP with potential to be tightly correlated with seedling development.

关键词： cysteine endopeptidase seed germination seedling development storage protein wheat endosperm.

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Memway:In-Memory Waylaying Acceleration for Practical Rowhammer Attacks Against Binaries

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2019年第5期24卷 535-545页

作者： lai xu Rongwei Yu Lina Wang Weijie Liu the Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University

The Rowhammer bug is a novel micro-architectural security threat, enabling powerful privilege-escalation attacks on various mainstream platforms. It works by actively flipping bits in Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM) cells with unprivileged instructions. In order to set up Rowhammer against binaries in the Linux page cache, the Waylaying algorithm has previously been proposed. The Waylaying method stealthily relocates binaries onto exploitable physical addresses without exhausting system memory. However, the proof-of-concept Waylaying algorithm can be easily detected during page cache eviction because of its high disk I/O overhead and long running time. This paper proposes the more advanced Memway algorithm, which improves on Waylaying in terms of both I/O overhead and speed. Running time and disk I/O overhead are reduced by 90% by utilizing Linux tmpfs and inmemory swapping to manage eviction files. Furthermore, by combining Memway with the unprivileged posix fadvise API, the binary relocation step is made 100 times faster. Equipped with our Memway+fadvise relocation scheme,we demonstrate practical Rowhammer attacks that take only 15–200 minutes to covertly relocate a victim binary,and less than 3 seconds to flip the target instruction bit.

关键词： Rowhammer bug Waylaying algorithm in-memory swapping page cache eviction

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Wave Mechanics or Wave Statistical Mechanics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2007年第2X期48卷 243-244页

作者： QIAN Shang-Wu xu lai-Zi Physics Department Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Technical Application of Rare Earth Baotou 014000 China

By comparison between equations of motion of geometrical optics and that of classical statistical mechanics, this paper finds that there should be an analogy between geometrical optics and classical statistical mechanics instead of geometrical mechanics and classical mechanics. Furthermore, by comparison between the classical limit of quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics, it finds that classical limit of quantum mechanics is classical statistical mechanics not classical mechanics, hence it demonstrates that quantum mechanics is a natural generalization of classical statistical mechanics instead of classical mechanics. Thence quantum mechanics in its true appearance is a wave statistical mechanics instead of a wave mechanics.

关键词： geometrical optics classical statistical mechanics quantum mechanics classical limit

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Transvaginal laparoscopic right colectomy for colon neoplasia

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第1期8卷 76-78,I0003页

作者： Yi Xiao lai xu Jun-Ji Zhang Pei-Ran xu Department of Surgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP.R.China Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP.R.China

Introduction The laparoscopic technique has been used for colorectal surgery for *** invasive surgery is executed differently in operations on the right colon,left colon,and the rectum[1].Sometimes,the abdominal incision is critical for rectal surgery,which can be used for extraction of the resected specimen and for creation of the diverting ***,for right or left colectomy,once the anastomosis is performed intra-corporeally,then the specimen can be extracted through any incision(abdominal wall or vaginal)to enhance post-operative recovery.

关键词：右半结肠切除术结肠肿瘤 operative

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CAPT:Context-Aware Provenance Tracing for Attack Investigation

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China Communications 2018年第2期15卷 153-169页

作者： Cheng Tan Lei Zhao Weijie Liu lai xu Lina Wang School of Computer Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education Wuhan University

APT attacks are prolonged and have multiple stages, and they usually utilize zero-day or one-day exploits to be penetrating and stealthy. Among all kinds of security tech- niques, provenance tracing is regarded as an important approach to attack investigation, as it discloses the root cause, the attacking path, and the results of attacks. However, existing techniques either suffer from the limitation of only focusing on the log type, or are high- ly susceptible to attacks, which hinder their applications in investigating APT attacks. We present CAPT, a context-aware provenance tracing system that leverages the advantages of virtualization technologies to transparently collect system events and network events out of the target machine, and processes them in the specific host which introduces no space cost to the target. CAPT utilizes the contexts of collected events to bridge the gap between them, and provides a panoramic view to the attack investigation. Our evaluation results show that CAPT achieves the efi＇ective prov- enance tracing to the attack cases, and it only produces 0.21 MB overhead in 8 hours. With our newly-developed technology, we keep the run-time overhead averages less than 4%.

关键词： attack investigation provenance tracing context-aware virtualization technol-ogies APT attacks panoramic view

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Reflections on coastal inundation,climate change impact,and adaptation in built environment:progresses and constraints

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 317-331页

作者： Xiaoming WANG xu Li-lai CUI Sheng-Hui Chi-Hsiang WANG The State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China Energy CSIROClayton SouthVic 3169Australia

Coastal inundation causes considerable impacts on communities and *** level rise due to climate change increases the occurrence of coastal flood events,creating more challenges to coastal *** we intend to draw the understanding of coastal inundation from our early studies,and provide a silhouette of our approaches in assessing climate change impacts as well as developing risk-based climate *** a result,we impart a distinctive view of the adaption towards the integration of asset design,coastal planning and policy development,which reflect multiscale approaches crossing individual systems to regions and then *** the approaches,we also discussed the constraints that would be faced in adaptation *** this regard,we initially follow the risk approach by illustrating hazards,exposure and vulnerability in relation to coastal inundation,and manifest the impact and risk assessment by considering an urban environment pertinent to built,natural,and socioeconomic *** then extend the scope and recommend the general approaches in developing adaptation to coastal inundation under climate change towards ameliorating overall risks,practically,by the reduction in exposure and vulnerability in virtue of the integration of design,planning and *** more details,a resilience design is introduced,to effectively enhance the capacity of built assets to resist coastal inundation *** then emphasize on the cost-effective adaptation for coastal planning,which delineates the problem of under-adaptation that leaves some potential benefits unrealized or over-adaptation that potentially consumes an excessive amount of ***,we specifically explore the issues in planning and policies in mitigating climate change risks,and put forward some emerging constraints in adaptation *** suggests further requirements of harmonizing while transforming national policies into the contents aligned with provincial an

关键词： Coastal inundation Coastal disaster Sea level rise Climate change Coastal disaster risk reduction Climate adaptation

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A Novel Blue Thin Film Electroluminescent Phosphor Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12):Ag

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第5期16卷 387-388页

作者： xu Xiu-lai xu Zheng HOU Yan-bing WANG Xiao-wei CHEN Xiao-hong xu xu-rong Institute of Optoelectronics Technology Northern Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044 Laboratory of Excited State Processes Changchun Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130021 Institute of Material Physics Tianjin Institute of TechnologyTianjin 300191 Department of Electronical Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130023

A new blue thin film electroluminescence(TFEL)phosphor Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12):Ag is prepared by electron beam *** and Electroluminescence of Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12):Ag film were *** luminance of TFEL device excited by an alter... 详细信息

关键词： film excited

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Endopeptidase Isoenzyme Characteristics in Cucumis sativus Leaves During Dark-induced Senescence

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第4期49卷 507-514页

作者： Peng Zhang Fei Wang Lie-Feng Zhang Qi Rui Lang-lai xu College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

The changes and characteristics of endopeptidase （EP） isoenzymes in cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） leaves during dark-induced senescence were investigated by activity staining after gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （G-PAGE） containing co-polymerized gelatin as substrate. The results showed that both the chlorophyll and the protein contents of leaves were decreased, and the protein degradation was correlated with the increase of proteolytic activity during the course of leaf senescence. Meanwhile, nine cucumber endopeptidases isoenzymes （CEP） with 140, 120, 106, 94, 76, 55, 46, 39 and 35 kDa molecular weights were detected. Four of these, CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 appeared all the time, but the changes of the activity were different during incubation. Another four CEPs （CEP5, 6, 7 and CEP8） whose activities increased with dark-induced time were only detected in senescent leaves. Furthermore, the biochemical properties of these nine CEP were also characterized. All the CEPs had high activities from 35 ℃ to 45 ℃, and the optimum temperature was found to be 40 ℃. However, the activities of CEPs were not detected below 25 ℃ or over 60 ℃. The activity bands appeared at a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 9.0, but the optimum pH was found at 7.0. No CEPs were detected at pH 4 or pH 10. By inhibition analysis we concluded that CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 were serine endopeptidases and CEP6 was a kind of cysteine protease. It is suggested that serine endopeptidases might play a major role in cucumber leaf senescence, and for the first time, six senescencerelated endopeptidases （CEP1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9） were found in cucumber leaves.

关键词： Cucumis sativus cucumber endopeptidase leaf senescence.

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Biodegradable materials for bone defect repair

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Military Medical Research 2021年第2期8卷 202-229页

作者： Shuai Wei Jian-Xiong Ma lai xu Xiao-Song Gu Xin-Long Ma Tianjin Hospital Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300211China Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of EducationNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu 226001China

Compared with non-degradable materials,biodegradable biomaterials play an increasingly important role in the repairing of severe bone defects,and have attracted extensive attention from *** the treatment of bone defects,scaffolds made of biodegradable materials can provide a crawling bridge for new bone tissue in the gap and a platform for cells and growth factors to play a physiological role,which will eventually be degraded and absorbed in the body and be replaced by the new bone *** biodegradable materials include polymers,ceramics and metals,which have been used in bone defect repairing for many *** these materials have more or fewer shortcomings,they are still the cornerstone of our development of a new generation of degradable *** the rapid development of modern science and technology,in the 21 st century,more and more kinds of new biodegradable materials emerge in endlessly,such as new intelligent micro-nano materials and cell-based *** the same time,there are many new fabrication technologies of improving biodegradable materials,such as modular fabrication,3 D and 4 D printing,interface reinforcement and *** review will introduce various kinds of biodegradable materials commonly used in bone defect repairing,especially the newly emerging materials and their fabrication technology in recent years,and look forward to the future research direction,hoping to provide researchers in the field with some inspiration and reference.

关键词： Biodegradable materials Bone defects Bone repair Intelligent material Modular fabrication

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