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Reinterpretation of the Guangxian Orogeny

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第13期45卷 1244-1248页

作者： WU Haoruoinstitute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing {2., china institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Guangxian Orogeny, as an important concept on geology of South china, was created 70 years ago. It is generally regarded as an erogenic movement caused by the convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks at the end of Silurian. Based on the recent progress of the geological research on Guangxi and adjacent areas, western Guangxi and Liuzhou-Heshan area of central Guangxi may belong to a stable block of Early Paleozoic. The Guangxian Orogeny originated from the northward translation of the Yunkai Block on its south at the end of Cambrian, and formed the Damingshan-Dayaoshan fold belt between the two blocks. It was possibly related with the Late Pan-African Orogeny. The convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks occurred in Late Ordovician to Early Silurian and mainly had effect on Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The term 'Chongyu Orogeny' may be suitable for it. At the end of Silurian orogenic movement did not occur in this area.

关键词： South china tectonics Paleozoic Guangxian Orogeny Yunan Orogeny Chongyu Orogeny.

Jinning granodiorite and diorite deeply concealed in the central Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2061-2068页

作者： LI Yuejun1, 2. SONG Wenjie2. WU Genyao1, WANG Yifen1, LI Yuping2.& ZHENG Duoming2.1. institute of geology & {2., Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. Tarim Oil-field Company, Petrochina, Korla 841000, china 1. institute of geology & {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. Tarim Oil-field Company 841000 Korla PetroChina China

The 72.0-m-deep Well Tacan 1 in the central Tarim Basin is the deepest in china. Purplish gray medium-grained granodiorite containing dark gray fine-grained diorite xenolith is revealed at the base of the well (7169―72.0 m), and they are results of the Jinning magmatic activities. Trace-element geochemistry and REE profiles of both rock types are similar, indicating that they are calc-alkaline series I-type granitoid. Proxies of diorite signify the development of a magmatic arc due to subduction at ca. 12.0 Ma. The granodiorite was formed before 890―932.Ma. However, more study is needed to clarify if the arc diorite represents a ca. 300 Ma extension of the subduction or a reactivation during the orogenic collision event at ca. 900 Ma.

关键词： diorite, granodiorite, magmatic arc, Jinning orogeny, Tarim Basin.

Risk-opportunity analyses and production peak forecasting on world conventional oil and gas perspectives

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Petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 136-146页

作者： Zhang Jian Sun Zandong Zhang Yiwei Sun Youshun Nail Toksoz ~Lab for Integration of geology and geophysics China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of Petroleum {2. and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Earth resources laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

To investigate the situation of conventional oil and gas, this paper examines the global oil and gas discoveries, proved reserves, production, consumption and price. All the influencing factors can be subjected to risk and opportunity analyses, so in the paper, we build upon a risk-opportunity analysis framework, which is a new train of thought. To forecast the peak time of oil and gas production, we used the methods of multi-Hubbert model forecasting and data forecasting. Our results showed that the world oil production will reach a peak between 2.10 and 2.15 and the gas production will reach a peak around 2.30 Oil peak is coming and gas peak is on the way. The main purpose of forecasting oil and gas production peak is give people enough time for preparing mitigation and adaptation plans. This means taking decisive action well before the problem is obvious.

关键词： Production reserve risk opportunity forecasting

Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact in central eastern Inner Mongolia

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 1025-1039页

作者： HUANG Fei1, Kealhofer Lisa2. XIONG Shangfa3 & HUANG Fengbao1 1. Nanjing institute of geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 2.0008,{2. 2. Anthropology and Sociology Department,Santa Clara University,CA 95053,USA 3. institute of geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,{2. Nanjing institute of geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Anthropology and Sociology Department Santa Clara University CA 95053 United States institute of geology and Geoohysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijina 100029 China

Phytolith and pollen preserved in the Taipusi Banner paleosol profile, central eastern Inner Mongolia, provide evidence of Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact. The combined phytolith and pollen records reveal a major change in vegetation composition about 5000 a BP. Before 5000 a BP, the vegetation was dominated by Aneurolepidium Chinese-Stipa grandis grassland of C4 grasses. After 5000 a BP, C4 grasses rapidly retreated, indicating a shift to colder and more arid conditions. The gradual invasion of Stipa krylovii, Ag-ropyron desertorum, Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae and Caragana reveal the onset of grassland degeneration. Between 10000 and 872. a BP, the Aneurolepidium Chinese-Stipa grandis grassland included a small proportion of Artemisia shrub and Echionopos type plants, implying a strong winter monsoon and very weak summer monsoon. From 872. to 7000 a BP, C4 grasses were common, indicating a strengthening of the summer monsoon. Between 7000 and 5000 a BP, the Holocene thermal maximum was evident, with a significant expansion of C4 grasses and the presence of some trees (such as Pinus and Betula, and so on) in or near the study site. From 42.0?000 a BP, a sandy grassland of Artemisia and Agropyron desertorum together with Aster-type taxa occurred. Precipitation amelioration took place between 3000 and 2.70 a BP, with a rapid development of Echinops type plants and a small expansion of C4 grasses. From 2.70 a BP to present, human activities accelerated the process of grassland degeneration.

关键词： phytolith and pollen records grassland environment change human impact Holocene central eastern Inner Mongolia.

Slope Reinforcement for Housing in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 314-320页

作者： WU Faquan luo Yuanhua CHANG Zhonghua institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Office of Three Gorges Project Construction Committee the State Council of China Beijing 100038 China

The Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is the largest hydropower-complex project under construction in the world. Under the largescale relocation projects, 2.74 engineered slopes are formed along with the construction of new towns. In this paper, the cutting slopes are mainly soil slopes and rock slopes. Soil slopes include residual soil slopes, colluvial accumulation slopes, swelling soil slopes, and artificial earth fill slopes, etc. Rock slopes include blocky structure rock slopes, layer structure rock slopes, and clastic structure rock slopes, etc. Varied protection measures have been used for slope protection in the reservoir area including shotcrete concrete-anchor bars, frame beams, retaining walls, slope stabilizing piles, sheet-pile walls, anchorage anti-shear tunnels, flexible protection grids, and drainage, etc. Besides, slope deformation monitoring systems have been set up to monitor deformation failure and the stability state of slopes. The protection measures have guaranteed slope safety and maintained a harmony with the urban environment and surrounding landscape.

关键词： Slope reinforcement Housing for resettlement Three Gorges Reservoir

Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 822-833页

作者： LU Huayu1, WANG Xiaoyong1, AN Zhisheng1, MIAO Xiaodong1, ZHU Rixiang3, MA Haizhou2. LI Zhen4, TAN Hongbing2.& WANG Xianyan1 1. State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary {2., {2. of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075 china 2. Qinghai {2. of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xining 810008, china 3. institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china 4. Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Earth Environm State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol Xian 710075 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Qinghai Inst Salt Lakes Xining 810008 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Qinghai Normal Univ Dept Geog Xining 810008 Peoples R China

A typical sequence of fluvial terraces and aeolian deposits overlying these ter- races were multidisciplinary investigated. New evidences for uplift process of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the past 14 million years were obtained. At least 11 river terraces along Huangshui, the first-class tributary of Yellow River, at the Xining-Huzhu region are identi- fied. While the first one (T1) is classified as an accumulation terrace, the others are all basement river terraces, which consist of the Tertiary sandstone and siltstone bedrock, fluvial gravel and pebbles and the overlying aeolian loess-Red Clay deposit. Samples from the aeolian deposits were examined for paleomagnetic stratigraphic reconstruction (1030 samples), luminescence dating (16 samples), magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution (more than 4000 sam- ples). The luminescence dating and stratigraphic correlation suggest that terraces of Tll, T10, T8, T7, T3, T2. T1 were formed at 14, 11.3, 1.55, 1.2. 0.15, 0.07 and 0.01 million years ago, re- spectively. Sedimentological analysis and geomorphological observation indicate that formation and evolution of these terraces were mainly driven by tectonic uplift. Therefore, the terrace se- quence provides an ideal geological record, of the uplift process of the northeastern during the past 14 million years, and the timings of the terraces formation are regarded as the timings of tectonic uplift. The significant uplifting events took place at 14, 11.3, 1.2.and 0.15 mil- lion years ago, respectively. The fluvial incision at the Xining-Huzhu region is less than 100 m during a period of ~12.million years in the Miocene era (between the Tll and T9), while the Huangshui River had incised 432.m during the past 1.2.million years (from T7 to the present floodplain). The river incision process clearly demonstrates that accelerated rising of the north- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic, and provides new evidence of previous thoughts

关键词： river terrace, tectonic uplift, loess-Red Clay, the past 14 million years, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Magnetic and mineralogical characteristics of reservoir rocks in the Yakela oil field, northern Tarim Basin and their implications for magnetic detection of oil and gas accumulations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第2期44卷 174-177页

作者： LIU Qingsheng LIU ShugerDepartment of Applied geophysics, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china The State key laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir geology and Exploitation of china, Chengdu institute of TechnologyChengdu 610059, china Department of Applied geophysics China University of Geosciences Wuhan China The State key laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir {2. and Erploitation of{2. Chengdu Institute of Technology Chengdu China

The evidence about hydrocarbon migration within reservoir rocks in two wells has been obtained according to results of magnetic and mineralogical analysis of the Kapushaliang Group reservoir rocks from wells S15 and S4 located at the Yakela oil field, Tarim Basin. Results show that the secondary alteration associated with oil and gas accumulations above oil and gas field is predominantly magnetite mineralization, and that sulfur alteration occurs commonly at oil-water boundary and their products are generally pyrite and pyrrhotite, except for magnetite alteration which is closely related with hydrodynamical conditions in situ. The spherical magnetite grains of cauliflower microtexture on surface extracted from oil-bearing cores are secondary magnetite related with hydrocarbon microseepage and their diameters are usually less than 50 μm.

关键词： hydrocarbon microseepage magnetic mineralogy magnetic hysteresis loop thermal magnetic analysis reservoir petrophysics.

Mesozoic Multi-phase Magmatism and Gold mineralization in the Early Precambrian North china Craton,Eastern Hebei Province,{2.:SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Evidence

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Mesozoic Multi-phase Magmatism and Gold Mineralization in th...

Palaeoproterozoic tectonic history of the North china craton:a review

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2.08学术年会

作者： Laicheng Miao,~1 key laboratory of {2. {2.,institute of geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,china Yumin Qiu,~2.Center for Global Metallogeny,Department of geology and geophysics,University of Western Australia,Nedlands 6907,Australia Weiming Fan, key laboratory of {2. {2.,institute of geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,china. and Fuqin Zhang key laboratory of {2. {2.,institute of geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,china

The early Precambrian North china craton(NCC) in eastern Hebei Province(also known as the Jidong area) was intruded by granitic batholiths and plutons spatially associated with gold deposits. No consensus has been reached regarding timing and tectonic setting of the gold deposits,chiefly due to the lack of reliable geochronological *** gold deposits in the district are localized by NE-striking faults within granite plutons and/or nearby Archean amphibolites,as well as in Proterozoic sedimentary *** mineralizations in the area are characterized by quartz(±albite) veinand sulfide-disseminated styles;both types of ores have relatively low sulfide contents(mineral assemblages dominated by pyrite + chalcopyrite + pyrrhotite + galena + sphalerite,locally with molybdenite,tellurides,and *** alterations around the gold lodes include K-feldspathization,sericitization,silicification,chloritization,and *** fluid inclusion data from all the deposits of the district show that the mineralizing fluids are characterized by relatively high salinities(3 to 17 wt%NaCl equiv.),HO-CO±CH,N solutions, with CO contents in the inclusions ranging from 5 to 40 mol%.Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures are between 2.0 and 400℃,and estimates of the trapping pressures vary significantly from 0.5 to 3.7 *** isotope(O,H,S,C,and Pb) data from these deposits indicate a major magmatic component in the mineralizing fluids and the ore-forming materials,with a partial contribution by Archean host rocks,suggesting that these deposits are basically intrusion-related. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology of the gold-hosting granitic intrusions,in combination with previous Ar-Ar and Rb-Sr dates on hydrothermal minerals(e.g.,sericite),indicates that there was no Archean gold mineralization,but instead suggests that at least three episodes of granitic magmatism and associated gold mineralization took place during the Mesozoic.

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Palaeoproterozoic tectonic history of the North China craton...