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Spatio-Temporal Effect on Soil Respiration in Fine-Scale Patches in a Desert Ecosystem

Pedosphere 2006年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： S. pen-MOURATOV M. RAKHIMBAEV y. STEINBERGER Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 (Israel) Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 (Israel) Institute of Botany Tashkent (Uzbekistan)

Soil organisms in terrestrial systems are unevenly distributed in time and space, and often aggregated. Spatiotemporal patchiness in the soil environment is thought to be crucial for the maintenance of soil biodiversity, providing diverse microhabitats tightly interweaving with resource partitioning. Determination of a ＂scale unit＂ to help understand ecological processes has become one of the important and most debatable problems in recent years. A fieldwork was carried out in the northern Negev Desert highland, Israel to determine the influence of fine-scale landscape patch moisture heterogeneity on biogeochemical variables and microbial activity linkage in a desert ecosystem. The results showed that the spatio-temporal patchiness of soil moisture to which we attribute influential properties, was found to become more heterogenic with the decrease in soil moisture availability （from 8.2 to 0.4 g kg^-1） toward the hot, dry seasons, with coefficient of variation （CV） change amounting to 66.9%. Spatio-temporal distribution of organic matter （OM） and total soluble nitrogen （TSN） was found to be relatively uniformly distributed throughout the wet seasons （winter and spring）, with increase of relatively high heterogeneity toward the dry seasons （from 0.25% to 2.17% for OM, and from 0 to 10.2 mg kg^-1 for TSN） with CV of 47.4% and 99.7% for OM and TSN, respectively. Different spatio-temporal landscape patterns were obtained for Ca （CV = 44.6%）, K （CV = 34.4%）, and Na （CV = 92%） ions throughout the study period. CO2 evolution （CV = 48.6%） was found to be of lower heterogeneity （varying between 2 and 39 g CO2-C g^-1 dry soil h^-1） in the moist seasons, e.g., winter and spring, with lower values of respiration coupled with high heterogeneity of Na^＋ and low levels of TSN and organic matter content, and with more homogeneity in the dry seasons （varying between 1 and 50 g CO2-C g^-1 dry soil h^-1）. Our results elucidate the heterogeneity and complexity of desert system habitats

关键词： desert microbial respiration patchiness small-scale habitat soil

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Diversity and Dynamics of Soil Free-Living Nematode Populations in a Mediterranean Agroecosystem

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Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 204-215页

作者： LIANGWen-Ju I.LAVIAN S.pen-MOURATOV y.STEINBERGER FacultyofLifeSciences Bar-IlanUniversityRamat-Gan52900（Israel）.／／InstituteofAppliedEcologyChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016（China） FacultyofLifeSciences Bar-IlanUniversityRamat-Gan52900（Israel）

To determine the effect of agricultural management on the dynamics and functional diversity of soil nematode communities in a carrot field at Kibbutz Ramat Hakovesh, Israel, soil samples from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths were collected during the growing season of carrot. Indices were used to compare and assess the response of soil free-living nernatode communities to agricultural management. Eighteen nematode families and 20 genera were observed during the growing period, with Cephalobus, Rhabditidae, Aphelenchus, Tylenchus, and Dorylaimus being the dominant genera/families. During the planting, mid-season and post-harvest periods the total number of nematodes at both depths was significantly lower (P y higher in the treatment plots (P y index (MI) at both depths were found to be significantly lower in the treatment plots than in the control plots during the pre-planting period (P ystem

关键词： agricultural management carrot-growing season diversity maturity index nematode community

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Soil Biota in the Arava Valley of Negev Desert,Israel

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 273-284页

作者： S. pen-MOURATOV T. MyBLAT I. SHAMIR G. BARNESS y. STEINBERGER The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University

Soil microorganism biomass and respiration and the soil nematode community were observed in the hypersaline desert valley that is found between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. The lowest point of the valley is approximately 400 m below sea level, and is the lowest point on earth. Soil samples (n = 72) were collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers at different altitudes (from -400 to +100 m) in the open spaces between plants during one of the most extreme xeric periods. Both soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass were found to be negatively dependent on soil moisture (SM) and organic matter (OM), and positively dependent on pH values. The physical-chemical characteristics of this hypersaline area were extremely unfavorable for the soil nematode communities, and the nematodes were entirely absent in the open area below sea level. The bacterivores were found to be the most resistant nematodes in this hyperarid region, with the Wilsonema being the most widespread genus. We suggest that nitrogen availability may play a crucial role in the below-ground soil interaction in this region, with bacterivore nematodes as indicators of nitrogen availability.

关键词： Dead Sea microbial biomass nematode community respiration trophic groups

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Seasonal Effect of Geomorphological Chronosequence Features on Soil Biota Dynamics

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 761-770页

作者： S.pen-MOURATOV N.GENZER N.SHUKUROV J.PLAKHT y.STEINBERGER The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Institute of Geology and Geophysics Academy of Sciences Ramon Science Center Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the Negev

Numerous studies have been devoted to the physical-chemical weathering processes leading to the creation of unique soil formations having their own history that induce soil-biotic ***,the extent to which unique geomorphic formations influence soil biotic seasonal variation is not *** aim was to define seasonal variations of soil biota in soils of different-aged terraces of the Makhtesh Ramon anticline erosional cirque in southern *** strong effect of Makhtesh Ramon (Ramon crater) erosional fluvial terrace age initiated by climatic changes during the Late Pleistocene- Early Holocene period on seasonal variations in both soil properties and the abundance and composition of soil biota were ***,age dependence was not constant and values for observed soil properties and microbial activity were negligible between younger and older terraces for certain seasons,while free-living nematodes along with bacterial-feeding group were strongly dependent on the geomorphic features of the ages throughout the study period.

关键词： geomorphic formation Makhtesh Ramon microbial biomass nematode community trophic group

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Resveratrol as an inductor of autophagy: is there a unique pathway of activation?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 101-103页

作者： Narayana Pineda-Ramírez penélope Aguilera Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral.Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico

Autophagy is a process of cellular degradation for the removal of damaged components and eventual recycling of the resulting molecules that help to the maintenance of cellular *** this pathway,proteins with relatively long half-life and whole organelles(e.g.,mitochondria,peroxisomes,and ribosomes)are degraded in the cytoplasm for the continuous turnover of cellular structures to facilitate their ***,the beneficial effect of autophagy goes beyond cellular“cleaning”and resides to a large extent on its ability to recycle cell components back into the ***,autophagy is a fundamental mechanism to regulate cellular functions,including DNA repair,proliferation,differentiation,embryonic development,and the immune response.

关键词： homeostasis activation autophagy

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Determination of geocenter variations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第16期44卷 1517-1519页

作者： Bin Wu Bibo pen Houze xu Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geodesy & Geophys Wuhan 430077 Peoples R China

The theory and methods to determine the geocenter variations by space geodetic techniques, especially by the satellite laser ranging have been discussed. Then the time series of geocenter variations have been derived from 11-year satellite laser ranging data to Lageos by the adopted methods. The results show that the standard deviations of monthly average

关键词： geocenter terrestrial reference frame satellite laser ranging.

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Involvement of glucose transporter overexpression in the protection or damage after ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 783-784页

作者： Iván Alquisiras-Burgos penélope Aguilera Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco SuárezInsurgentes Sur#3877Col.La FamaTlalpanCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Cerebral ischemia and resultant energy collapse:The ischemic stroke is a complex neurological condition that can be devastating for patients and their *** disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is characterized by a sudden decrease in cerebral blood flow due to major blood vessel *** stroke generates two damaged zones with distinctive metabolic *** first is the ischemic core,the region directly irrigated by the occluded artery.A reduction to less than 20%of the baseline blood flow levels defines the area;therefore,depletion of glucose and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)cause an irreversible failure in the energy metabolism that leads to loss of ionic homeostasis,acidosis,and *** second is the region surrounding the ischemic core,called the penumbra,characterized by significantly depressed tissue perfusion that is barely sufficient to support basal oxygen,glucose,and ATP levels.

关键词： metabolism damage homeostasis

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Do slope orientation and sampling location determine soil biota composition?

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第3期4卷 364-375页

作者： S.pen-MOURATOV N.BERG N.GENZER S.UKABI D.SHARGIL y.STEINBERGER The Mina&Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 52900Israel

“Evolution Canyon”is a typical Mediterranean-basin canyon with a summer dry stream at the bottom and large differences in vegetation cover and solar radiation between the north-facing slope(NFS)and the south-facing slope(SFS).It is known to act as an abiotic mediator influencing the community structure of soil *** aim of this study was to determine the spatial dispersion of soil microbial and free-living nematode communities in the open sites(between shrubs)in the upper(0-10 cm)soil layer at four altitudes on both *** combination of relative soil moisture availability and temperature,known to be one of the main triggers for soil biota activity,was explained by slope *** above-mentioned differences were found to significantly affect microbial biomass and CO_(2)evolution resulting in temporary stress,corresponding to higher values in metabolic quotient(qCO_(2))*** differences may represent microbial investment in energy in order to overcome stress resulting from the microclimatic differences between the two ***,the degree of substrate limitation(primary production due to the differences in plant cover)of microbial activity was explained by the difference in microbial functional *** total abundance of soil free-living nematodes was found to be 2-fold higher on the SFS than on the ***-nine genera,including 12 bacteria-feeders,5 fungifeeders,12 plant-parasites,and 10 omnivore-predators,were found at the study site,with 34 genera on the NFS and 29 on the *** generic diversity of the bacteriafeeding nematodes was higher on the SFS than on the *** study elucidates the importance of slope orientation and its effect on the structural levels of soil microbial and nematode communities.

关键词： community structure “Evolution Canyon” free-living nematode sampling location slope orientation

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The short form of the SUR1 and its functional implications in the damaged brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 488-496页

作者： Iván Alquisiras-Burgos Javier Franco-Pérez Moisés Rubio-Osornio penélope Aguilera Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía“Manuel Velasco Suárez”CDMXMexico Laboratorio de Formación Reticular Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía“Manuel Velasco Suárez”CDMXMexico Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía“Manuel Velasco Suárez”CDMXMexico.

Sulfonylurea receptor(SUR) belongs to the adenosine 5′-triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette(ABC) transporter family;however,SUR is associated with ion channels and acts as a regulatory subunit determining the opening or closing of the ***8 and Abcc9 genes code for the proteins SUR1 and SUR2,*** SUR1 transcript encodes a protein of 1582 amino acids with a mass around 140–177 k Da expressed in the pancreas,brain,heart,and other *** is well known that SUR1 assembles with Kir6.2 and TRPM4 to establish K_(ATP) channels and non-selective cation channels,***8 and 9 are alternatively spliced,and the resulting transcripts encode different isoforms of SUR1 and SUR2,which have been detected by different experimental ***,the use of binding assays to sulfonylureas and Western blotting has allowed the detection of shorter forms of SUR(-65 k Da).Identity of the SUR1 variants has not been clarified,and some authors have suggested that the shorter forms are ***,immunoprecipitation assays have shown that SUR2 short forms are part of a functional channel even coexisting with the typical forms of the receptor in the *** evidence confirms that the structure of the short forms of the SURs is fully functional and does not lose the ability to interact with the *** structural changes in short forms of SUR modify its affinity to ATP,regulation of its expression might represent an advantage in pathologies where ATP concentrations decrease and a therapeutic target to induce ***,the expression of SUR1 variants might be induced by conditions associated to the decrease of energetic substrates in the brain(*** stroke and epilepsy).In this review,we want to contribute to the knowledge of SUR1 complexity by analyzing evidence that shows the existence of short SUR1 variants and its possible implications in brain function.

关键词： brain edema epilepsy Parkinson's disease stroke sulfonylurea receptor 1 SUR1 traumatic brain injury TRPM4

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Blind search for 21-cm absorption systems using a new generation of Chinese radio telescopes

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第6期17卷 1-4页

作者： Hao-Ran yu Ue-Li pen Tong-Jie Zhang Di Li xuelei Chen Kavli Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3H8 ON Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3H4 ON Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Program in Cosmology and Gravitation Toronto ON M5G 1Z8 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo ON N2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Key Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Neutral hydrogen clouds are known to exist in the Universe, however their spatial distributions and physical properties are poorly understood. Such missing information can be studied by the new generation of Chinese radio telescopes through a blind search of 21-cm absorption systems. We forecast the capabilities of surveys of 21-cm absorption systems by two representative radio telescopes in China - the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope （FAST） and Tianlai 21-cm cosmology experiment （Tianlai）. Facilitated by either the high sensitivity （FAST） or wide field of view （Tianlai） of these telescopes, more than a thousand 21-cm absorption systems can be discovered in a few years, representing orders of magnitude improvement over the cumulative discoveries in the past half a century.

关键词： telescopes - surveys - cosmology observations

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