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大型语言模型对高等教育的影响与中国应对

高等理科教育 2024年第1期 75-83页

作者：吴丰华韩文龙西北大学经济管理学院陕西西安710127 西南财经大学经济学院四川成都610074

大型语言模型(LLM)在短期内将从创设教学情境、创新教学模式、教学AI开发和应用、拓展高校在线学习、助力虚拟仿真课程开发等方面助力高等教育;长期来看能够助推“四新”建设、赋能基础学科拔尖人才培养,并催生高校结构性变革。同时,LL... 详细信息

大型语言模型(LLM)在短期内将从创设教学情境、创新教学模式、教学AI开发和应用、拓展高校在线学习、助力虚拟仿真课程开发等方面助力高等教育;长期来看能够助推“四新”建设、赋能基础学科拔尖人才培养,并催生高校结构性变革。同时,LLM也可能引发教育安全风险,造成新的教育智能鸿沟,并被大企业寡头垄断。为促进LLM赋能中国高等教育,需要我国加快开发迭代自己的LLM,促进其均等化可达,提升师生数字素养和能力,夯实数字化教学环境。

关键词：大型语言模型 GPT 高等教育中国式现代化

血清sEng、PLGF、LDH水平与妊娠期高血压患者病情的相关性及其诊断价值

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右江医学 2024年第8期52卷 746-751页

作者：苏畅杨莉莉吴风华河南省漯河市第三人民医院检验科河南漯河462000

目的探讨血清可溶性内皮因子(sEng)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平与妊娠期高血压(HDCP)患者病情的相关性及其诊断价值。方法选取2021年1月至2022年5月收治的100例HDCP患者为观察组,另选取同期100例健康孕妇为对照组。比较... 详细信息

目的探讨血清可溶性内皮因子(sEng)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平与妊娠期高血压(HDCP)患者病情的相关性及其诊断价值。方法选取2021年1月至2022年5月收治的100例HDCP患者为观察组,另选取同期100例健康孕妇为对照组。比较两组及不同病情严重程度患者入院时血清sEng、PLGF、LDH水平,分析入院时各指标水平与病情严重程度的相关性,logistic回归分析发生HDCP的影响因素,ROC分析入院时各指标联合检测对HDCP的诊断价值。结果入院时血清sEng、LDH水平比较:观察组>对照组,HDCP子痫前期>重度子痫前期(P<0.05);入院时血清sEng、LDH水平与HDCP患者病情严重程度呈正相关,PLGF水平与患者病情严重程度呈负相关(P<0.001);入院时血清sEng、LDH水平为发生HDCP的危险因素,PLGF水平为保护因素,各指标联合诊断HDCP的AUC为0.815。结论血清sEng、PLGF、LDH水平与HDCP患者病情严重程度密切相关,联合检测对HDCP具有一定诊断价值,可为临床早期诊断疾病、评估病情严重程度提供可靠参考。

关键词：可溶性内皮因子胎盘生长因子乳酸脱氢酶妊娠期高血压

粮食专业(定向)课程思政教育体系实施路径分析

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食品工业 2024年第2期45卷 187-189页

作者：刘畅吴峰华何志平浙江农林大学艺术学院杭州311300 浙江农林大学食品与健康学院杭州311300

针对我国粮食专业课程思政教育体系不完备、师资力量薄弱等问题,文章从阐述粮食专业课程思政教育的意义出发,提出了打造课程思政人才培养体系、建设思政育人师资队伍、构建思政教育实践平台和优化粮食专业课程思政资源供给等四个维度提... 详细信息

针对我国粮食专业课程思政教育体系不完备、师资力量薄弱等问题,文章从阐述粮食专业课程思政教育的意义出发,提出了打造课程思政人才培养体系、建设思政育人师资队伍、构建思政教育实践平台和优化粮食专业课程思政资源供给等四个维度提升课程思政教育融入粮食专业(定向)人才培养体系的实施途径,从而为推动我国粮食专业的课程思政建设提供参考。

关键词：粮食专业课程思政培养体系

Biotinylated dextran amine tracing of nerve tracts determines regeneration of corticospinal tracts after neural stem cell transplantation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第28期6卷 2183-2187页

作者： Jun wu fenghua Chen Mingyu Zhang Tao Song Jinfang Liu Jiasheng Fang Department of Neurosurgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410008 Hunan Province China

We investigated regeneration of the corticospinal tract and rearrangement of corticospinal nerves after spinal cord injury by biotinylated dextran amine （BDA） nerve tract tracing after neural stem cell transplantation. Neural stem cell transplantation increased motor function scores of rats at 3 weeks after spinal cord transection injury at the thoracic 10 segment. A proportion of BDA-labeled corticospinal tract regenerated through the spinal cord injury site at 12 weeks after transplantation. Electron microscopy revealed that the regenerated BDA-labeled nerve terminals formed new synaptic connections with neurons at the distal end of the injured site. These findings indicate that BDA nerve tract tracing effectively provides anatomic and morphological evidence of recovery after spinal cord injury.

关键词： nerve tract tracing neural stem cells transplantation spinal cord injury corticospinal tract biotinylated dextran amine neural regeneration

Postharvest Variations of Rice Physicochemical Traits and Volatile Compounds under Granary Conditions During Long-Time Storage

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Rice science 2023年第2期30卷 92-95,I0007-I0009页

作者： HU Hao LIU Xingquan HE Yukai JIN Jiande wu fenghua HUANG Shiwen ZHANG Jiaojiao College of Food and Health Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest UniversityHangzhou 311300China China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006China Zhejiang Province Grain Reserve Management Co.LTD Hangzhou 310006China

Rice quality is influenced by many factors,viz.,temperature,humidity,atmosphere and storage *** uncover quality variations of rice after postharvest,we estimated the physicochemical properties and volatile compounds of an indica rice Zhongzheyou 8 under granary conditions(20ºC-25ºC in summer and 10ºC-15ºC in other seasons)for three years.

关键词： Traits humidity harvest

Flavor profile variations of Huangjiu brewed in different traditional Chinese solar terms

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第4期6卷 720-729页

作者： Lina Lu Jiaojiao Zhang fenghua wu Guangfa Xie Zhichu Shan Xingquan Liu College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina College of Food and Health Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina College of Biology and Environmental Engineering Zhejiang Shuren UniversityShaoxingChina Zhejiang Pagoda Brand Shaoxing Rice Wine Co. Ltd.ShaoxingChina

Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar ***,this study was conducted to explore the characteristic and property index differences of Huangjiu,such as aroma and flavor profile,and physicochemical properties—brewed in different solar terms by choosing five representative fermentation times of Shaoxing ***:Huangjiu samples in the current study all met the national standards of traditional semi-dry *** are significant differences in physicochemical properties such as acidity and amino nitrogen among different solar-term *** three detected volatiles were applied by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis analyses to differentiate the main *** mainly loaded to four principal components,which accounted for 86.5%.Nineteen volatiles were discriminated to significantly differentiate solar-term *** activity values(OAV)analysis found 14 compounds with OAV>1,while correlation analysis between volatiles and the outcomes of sensory evaluation displayed the various properties of Huangjiu on aroma and flavor due to the various combinations of volatiles,reducing sugar,acidity and amino *** a national wine inspector evaluated and scored Huangjiu fermented in different solar terms,Huangjiu brewed in Winter Solstice exhibited the highest performance,with a score of 91.0,and praised as a kind of gold medal ***:The methodology of this study can help to produce more types of appealing flavor and aroma of alcoholic beverages to consumers,build varietal Huangjiu or other alcoholic beverages through fermenting guidance by solar term,and even expand the applications of the traditional Chinese 24-solar term.

关键词： Huangjiu Chinese traditional 24-solar term volatile gas chromatography-mass spectrometry flavor profile

Artificial selection shapes the lower genomic diversity and higher selective pressures on the sex chromosomes of domestic animals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1072-1075页

作者： Meiming wu Dongfeng Wang Meng-Hua Li fenghua Lv College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Science(CAS)Beijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University Sanya 572024China

Dear Editor,Sheep and goats were among the earliest domestic animals(Zeder,2008).During the transition from being hunted to being herded,excess males not involved in propagation were slaughtered at young ages under th... 详细信息

关键词： earliest harvest young

Highly Efficient Aligned Ion‑Conducting Network and Interface Chemistries for Depolarized All‑Solid‑State Lithium Metal Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 102-119页

作者： Yongbiao Mu Shixiang Yu Yuzhu Chen Youqi Chu Buke wu Qing Zhang Binbin Guo Lingfeng Zou Ruijie Zhang fenghua Yu Meisheng Han Meng Lin Jinglei Yang Jiaming Bai Lin Zeng Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloon 997077Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute FutianShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China

Improving the long-term cycling stability and energy density of all-solid-state lithium(Li)-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)at room temperature is a severe challenge because of the notorious solid–solid interfacial contact loss and sluggish ion *** electrolytes are generally studied as two-dimensional(2D)structures with planar interfaces,showing limited interfacial contact and further resulting in unstable Li/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte ***,three-dimensional(3D)architecturally designed composite solid electrolytes are developed with independently controlled structural factors using 3D printing processing and post-curing ***-type electrolyte films with vertical-aligned micro-pillar(p-3DSE)and spiral(s-3DSE)structures are rationally designed and developed,which can be employed for both Li metal anode and cathode in terms of accelerating the Li+transport within electrodes and reinforcing the interfacial *** printed p-3DSE delivers robust long-term cycle life of up to 2600 cycles and a high critical current density of 1.92 mA cm^(−2).The optimized electrolyte structure could lead to ASSLMBs with a superior full-cell areal capacity of 2.75 mAh cm^(−2)(LFP)and 3.92 mAh cm^(−2)(NCM811).This unique design provides enhancements for both anode and cathode electrodes,thereby alleviating interfacial degradation induced by dendrite growth and contact *** approach in this study opens a new design strategy for advanced composite solid polymer electrolytes in ASSLMBs operating under high rates/capacities and room temperature.

关键词： All-solid-state lithium metal batteries Composite solid electrolyte 3D printing Areal capacity Interfacial degradation

制度-垄断地租与中国地方政府竞争:一个马克思主义分析框架

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开放时代 2020年第2期 160-179,M0007页

作者：孟捷吴丰华复旦大学经济学院复旦大学马克思主义研究院西北大学经济管理学院

竞争性地方政府作为改革以来形成的重要制度形式,在相当程度上决定了中国社会主义市场经济体制的特点。本文不仅承续了既有文献中将地方政府的经济动机归于租金,并将土地财政视为地方政府利用租金开展战略投资的观点,而且试图在一个马... 详细信息

竞争性地方政府作为改革以来形成的重要制度形式,在相当程度上决定了中国社会主义市场经济体制的特点。本文不仅承续了既有文献中将地方政府的经济动机归于租金,并将土地财政视为地方政府利用租金开展战略投资的观点,而且试图在一个马克思主义框架内进一步发展这一观点。为此我们对租金的生产性利用和国家的经济作用的关系做了初步探讨,并将大卫·哈维的制度-垄断地租理论运用于分析中国地方政府围绕营建环境的投资活动。本文的基本结论是,中国地方政府在以土地财政为核心的战略投资中,充当了租金的生产性分配者和使用者的角色,并因之嵌入了原本由企业之间的竞争所带来的相对剩余价值生产过程,形成了中国经济特有的相对剩余价值生产双重结构,从而在相当长的时间内造就了世所罕见的高投资率,推动了中国经济的持续快速增长。

关键词：地方政府竞争制度-垄断地租国家的经济作用相对剩余价值生产