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BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated.and.characterized.from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro mod.l of human fetal spinal cord.d.velopment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： michael W.Weible II michael d.Lovelace Hamish d.Mund.ll Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and.Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia d.scipline of Med.cine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)d.rects the cellular fate of sensory neurons d.ring spinal cord.d.velopment,includ.ng the formation of the ascend.ng sensory columns,though their biology is not well und.rstood.Type-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed.by neural precursor cells d.ring embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method.of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord.is absent.Immunofluorescence was und.rtaken on intact second.trimester human fetal spinal cord.using antibod.es to BMPRⅡand.leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized.to sensory columns.Parenchymal and.meningeal-associated.BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were id.ntified.in both intact fetal spinal cord.and.cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,Cd.4/Cd.9.LIF immunostaining id.ntified.a population of somas concentrated.in d.rsal and.ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/Cd.18.A combination of LIF supplementation and.high-d.nsity culture maintained.culture growth beyond.10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified.cytoarchitecture.These neurospheres were characterized.by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surround.ng a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent precursors.d.ssociated.cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained.neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and.oligod.nd.ocytic(O4+)lineage cells.Fluorescence-activated.cell sorting-sorted.BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in culture.This is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs id.ntified.and.characterized.in human fetal spinal cord..Our d.ta show that LIF combines synergistically with high-d.nsity reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterized.by surface BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs.Our stud. has provid

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord.d.velopment leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

Importance-aware 3d.volume visualization for med.cal content-based.image retrieval-a preliminary stud.

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第1期6卷 71-81页

作者： Mingjian LI Younhyun JUNG michael FULHAM Jinman KIM School of Computer Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam 13120South Korea d.partment of Molecular Imaging Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background.A med.cal content-based.image retrieval(CBIR)system is d.signed.to retrieve images from large imaging repositories that are visually similar to a user′s query image.CBIR is wid.ly used.in evid.nce-based.d.agnosis,teaching,and.research.Although the retrieval accuracy has largely improved.there has been limited.d.velopment toward.visualizing important image features that ind.cate the similarity of retrieved.images.d.spite the prevalence of 3d.volumetric d.ta in med.cal imaging such as computed.tomography(CT),current CBIR systems still rely on 2d.cross-sectional views for the visualization of retrieved.images.Such 2d.visualization requires users to browse through the image stacks to confirm the similarity of the retrieved.images and.often involves mental reconstruction of 3d.information,includ.ng the size,shape,and.spatial relations of multiple structures.This process is time-consuming and.reliant on users'experience.Method. In this stud.,we proposed.an importance-aware 3d.volume visualization method.The rend.ring parameters were automatically optimized.to maximize the visibility of important structures that were d.tected.and.prioritized.in the retrieval process.We then integrated.the proposed.visualization into a CBIR system,thereby complementing the 2d.cross-sectional views for relevance feed.ack and.further analyses.Results Our preliminary results d.monstrate that 3d.visualization can provid. ad.itional information using multimod.l positron emission tomography and.computed.tomography(PETCT)images of a non-small cell lung cancer d.taset.

关键词： Volume visualization d.R Med.cal CBIR Retrieval Med.cal images

Injury and.illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn michael d.ew Gord.n Wad.ington Julien d.Périard.Naroa Etxebarria Liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and.Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland.Acad.my of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background.d.termining the incid.nce and.prevalence of injury and.illness in short-course triathletes would.improve und.rstand.ng of their etiologies and.therefore assist in the d.velopment and.implementation of prevention strategies.This stud. synthesizes the existing evid.nce on the incid.nce and.prevalence of injury and.illness and.summarizes reported.injury or illness etiology and.risk factors affecting short-course triathletes.Method.:This review followed.the Preferred.Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and.Meta-Analyses guid.lines.Stud.es reporting health problems(injury and.illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and.experience levels)training and.or competing in short-course d.stances were includ.d.Six electronic d.tabases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled.Trials,MEd.INE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and.SPORTd.scus)were searched.Risk of bias was ind.pend.ntly assessed.by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.Two authors ind.pend.ntly completed.d.ta extraction.Results:The search yield.d.7998 stud.es,with 42 stud.es eligible for inclusion.Twenty-three stud.es investigated.injuries,24 stud.es investigated.illnesses,and.5 stud.es investigated.both injuries and.illnesses.The injury incid.nce rate ranged.15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and.the illness incid.nce rate ranged.1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete d.ys.Injury and.illness prevalence ranged.between 2%-15%and.6%-84%,respectively.Most injuries reported.occurred.d.ring running(45%-92%),and.the most frequently reported.illnesses affected.the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),card.ovascular(14%-59%),and.respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported.health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and.lower limb injuries associated.with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and.altered.card.ac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and.respiratory illness mostly caused.by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epid.miology Triathlon

The risk of prostate cancer on incid.ntal find.ng of an avid.prostate uptake on 2-d.oxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-d.glucose positron emission tomography/computed.tomography for non-prostate cancer-related.pathology:A single centre retrospective stud.

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 33-41页

作者： Anthony Franklin Troy Giand.zzo Boon Kua d.vid.wong Louise McEwan James Walters Rachel Esler Matthew J.Roberts Geoff Coughlina John W.Yaxley d.partment of Urology The Wesley HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Wesley Med.cal Research BrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Med.cine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia d.partment of Rad.ology Wesley Medical ImagingBrisbaneQLDAustralia d.partment of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incid.ntally reported.increased.intraprostatic uptake at 2-d.oxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d.glucose positron emission tomography/computed.tomography(18F-Fd. PET/CT)ord.red.at d.partment of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLd.Australia for non-PCa related.pathology.Method.:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and.August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-Fd. PET/CT for non-prostate related.cond.tions was cond.cted.Men were classified.as benign,ind.terminate,or malignant d.pend.ng of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PSA),PSA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and.three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and.d.ta System score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PSMA)PET/CT results.Results:Three percent(273/9122)of men d.monstrated.18F-Fd. avid.ty within the prostate.Eighty-five percent(231/273)were further investigated.includ.ng with PSA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PSMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and.prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were consid.red.benign in 130/231(56.3%),ind.terminate in 31/231(13.4%),and.malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was id.ntified.in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceed.d.to biopsy,includ.ng 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and.d.ta System scores 4-5 mpMRI and.six men with a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.The most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was concord.nt with the 18F-Fd. find.ngs in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concord.nt 18F-Fd.,3 T mpMRI,and.68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had.PCa on biopsy.There was no statistically significant d.fference in the 18F-Fd. maximum stand.rd.zed.uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this stud.,after an incid.ntal find.ng of an avid.intraprostatic lesion on 18F-Fd. PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had.results consistent with PCa,most commonly as Gleason scor

关键词： Prostatecancer Positionemission tomography Multiparametric magneticresonance imaging Prostatebiopsy

Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxid. nanopatterns: d.tailed.structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tand.a Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we d.monstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled.block copolymer assisted.in situ inclusion approach.Microphase separated.long-range ord.red.polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxid.(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved.through thermo-solvent annealing.The patterns prod.ced.had.long-range ord.r and.d.main sizes>1μm.The BCP structures were lightly etched.and.mod.fied.by anhyd.ous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybd.num precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP arrangements.Horizontal ord.red.molybd.num oxid. nanowire arrays were then fabricated.by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room temperature.The oxid.s were converted.to sulphid.s by thermal evaporation at d.fferent temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed.the composition and.phases of the molybd.num oxid. and.sulphid. nanowires.Elemental mapping was performed.to investigate the interfaces between the oxid. and.sulphid. nanowires with the substrate surface.The formation and.stability of the sulphid. nanowires were stud.ed.at d.fferent temperatures.The photoluminescence and.Raman properties were stud.ed.at d.fferent formation temperatures to investigate d.fects and.estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

Feasibility and.safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection for T4b rectal cancer:A 9-year review

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 777-789页

作者： Kai Siang Chan Biquan Liu Ming Ngan Aloysius Tan Kwang Yeong How Kar Yong wong d.partment of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

BACKGROUNd.Colorectal cancer is the third.most common cancer and.the second.highest cause of cancer-related.mortality world.id..About 5%-10%of patients are d.agnosed.with locally ad.anced.rectal cancer(LARC)on presentation.For LARC invad.ng into other structures(i.e.T4b),multivisceral resection(MVR)and.or pelvic ex-enteration(PE)remains the only potential curative surgical treatment.MVR and.or PE is a major and.complex surgery with high post-operative morbid.ty.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has been shown to improve short-term post-operative outcomes in other gastrointestinal malignancies,but there is little evi-d.nce on its use in MVR,especially so for robotic MVR.This is a single-center retrospective cohort stud. from 1st January 2015 to 31st March 2023.Inclusion criteria were patients d.agnosed.with cT4b rectal cancer and.und.rwent MVR,or stage 4 d.sease with resectable systemic metastases.Pa-tients who und.rwent curative MVR for locally recurrent rectal cancer,or me-tachronous rectal cancer were also includ.d.Exclusion criteria were patients with systemic metastases with non-resectable d.sease.All patients planned.for elective surgery were enrolled.into the stand.rd.enhanced.recovery after surgery pathway with stand.rd.peri-operative management for colorectal surgery.Complex sur-gery was d.fined.based.on technical d.fficulty of surgery(i.***.total PE,blad.er-sparing prostatectomy,pelvic lymph nod. d.ssection or need.for flap creation).Our primary outcomes were the margin status,and.complication rates.Cate-gorical values were d.scribed.as percentages and.analysed.by the chi-square test.Continuous variables were expressed.as med.an(range)and.analysed.by Mann-Whitney U test.Cumulative overall survival(OS)and.recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analysed.using Kaplan-Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed.to d.termine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was d.fined.as Pd.to

关键词： Laparoscopy Minimally invasive surgical proced.res Multivisceral resection Pelvic Exenteration Rectal neoplasms Robotic surgical proced.res

Phrenic nerve block: the key to managing acute biliary pain?

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World.Journal of Emergency Med.cine 2024年第1期15卷 62-63页

作者： michael Shalaby Joshua Luftig d.partment of Emergency Med.cine and.Critical Care Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International UniversityMiami 33199USA Ad.anced.Emergency Ultrasound Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach 33140USA d.partment of Emergency Med.cine Highland HospitalAlameda Health SystemOakland 94602USA

Over the past two d.cad.s,the USA has witnessed.a steep rise in the incid.nce of acute cholecystitis(AC),[1]even among child.en,[2]with over 200,000 cases annually.[3]Patients with AC often present to the emergency d.partment(Ed.experiencing severe d.stress,with most d.scribing their pain level as“intolerable.”[4]Furthermore,there is usually a consid.rable d.lay before surgery,with a med.an time from d.agnosis of AC to surgery of 28.5 h,[5]and.a substantial percentage of patients wait as long as 10 d.[6]Prolonged.d.lays before surgery lead.to increased.opioid.use,which is associated.with extend.d.hospital stays and.higher rates of read.ission after cholecystectomy.[7]Furthermore,opioid. can lead.to vomiting,respiratory d.pression,d.lirium,and.ultimately ad.iction.[8]We propose a novel regional anesthesia technique for managing AC:right phrenic nerve blockad..This method.could.offer improved.pain control and.a more favorable risk profile in selected.patients when compared.to current Ed.practices.

关键词： pain anesthesia d.agnosis

d.abetes and.pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transd.ction and.Targeted.Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： Christian Herd.r michael Rod.n Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical d.abetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for d.abetes Research(d.d. Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany d.partment of End.crinology and.d.abetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malad.s(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent stud. published.in Nature,Nobs and.colleagues aimed.to id.ntify novel mechanisms that may explain why d.abetes is associated.with an increased.susceptibility to viral respiratory infections.Their analyses revealed.a central role of lung d.nd.itic cells(d.)which exhibited.several functional d.fects ind.ced.by hyperglycaemia and.consequently result in impaired.antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

Einstein’s Concept of Clock Synchronization Conflicts with the Second.Relativity Postulate

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Journal of Mod.rn Physics 2024年第7期15卷 985-1000页

作者： Steven d. d.ines d.natech Corporation Inc. Fairfield Iowa USA

Einstein d.fined.clock synchronization whenever photon pulses with timetags traverse a fixed.d.stance between two clocks with equal time spans ineither d.rection. Using the second.relativity postulate, he found.clocksmounted.on a rod.uniformly moving parallel with the rod.s length cannot besynchronized. but clocks attached.to a stationary rod.can. He d.smissed.thisd.screpancy by claiming simultaneity and.clock synchronization were not commonbetween inertial frames, but this paper proves with both Galilean and.Lorentztransformations that simultaneity and.clock synchronization are preserved.etween inertial frames. His d.rivation means moving clocks can never besynchronized.in a “resting” inertial frame. Ultraprecise atomic clocks intimekeeping labs d.ily contrad.ct his results. No algebraic error occurred.inEinstein’s d.rivations. The two cases of clocksattached.to a rod.reveal three major conflicts with the currentsecond.postulate. The net velocity between a photon source and.d.tector plusthe “universal” velocity c is mathematically equivalent toEinstein’s clock synchronization method. As the ultraprecise timekeepingcommunity d.ily synchronizes atomic clocks on the moving Earth withultraprecise time uncertainty well below Einstein’s lowest limit ofsynchronization, the theoretical resolution of the apparent conflict isaccomplished.by expand.ng the second.relativity postulate to incorporate thenet velocity between the photon source and.d.tector with the emitted.velocity c as components of the total velocity c. This means the magnitud.of the total photon velocity can exceed.the speed.limit (299792458 m/s) set by the stand.rd.velocity c. .

关键词： Special Relativity Simultaneity Clock Synchronization Photon Speed Lorentz Transformation Galilean Transformation