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Secondary sex ratio of assisted reproductive technology babies

作者： win.tam[绘]

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第2期8卷 88-92页

作者： Nathira Abdul Majeed Charley Zheng Alex Polyakov Megan Pucci Mohamed Hatta Tarmizi Mie Mie Cho win Royal Women's Hospital MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Royal Women's Hospital and Melbourne IVF MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Oceania University of Medicinea Australia Sabah Women's and Children's Hospital Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Obstetrics&Gynaecology Department International Medical SchoolManagement&Science UniversitySelangorMalaysia

Objective: To assess the secondary sex ratio (SSR) of assisted reproduction technology babies within a fertility clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 3369 babies who were born following single embryo transfer between 2011 and 2016. Variables examined included embryo creation date, maternal and paternal ages, maternal body mass index (BMI), type of infertility, sperm parameters, fertilization method, type of embryo and stage of transfer. Multivariate regression analysis was performed on the data set using STRATA V9.2. Results: More males were found to be born to embryos created in summer (adjusted odds ratio=1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.95;P=0.01). Lower BMI of mother (≤30 kg/m 2) and younger age of parents (≤35 years) were associated with an increase in SSR (50.1% vs. 47.1%;50.6% vs. 48.8%;50.0% vs. 48.9%) respectively. Decreased SSR value was associated with primary subfertility, using in-vitro fertilization procedure and fresh embryo compared to those with secondary subfertility, using intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure and thawed embryo (49.3% vs. 50.6%;47.1% vs. 50.8%;49.4% vs. 50.1%) respectively. Conclusions: The fertilization methods, type of embryo, stage of embryo transfer, parameters of the sperm and status of subfertility do not significantly affect the SSR. SSR is affected by the seasonality, maternal age, and BMI.

关键词： Artificial reproduction technology Intracytoplasmic sperm injection In-vitro fertilization Secondary sex ratio

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Shock Propagation and Reflection in a Pulse Detonation Engine Combustor

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Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Shock Propagation a...

作者： win Myo Nyunt 南京理工大学

学位级别：硕士

The Pulse Detonation Engine consists of an initiation chamber and main combustion chamber. In the operation process, a deflagration is initiated in an initiation chamber filled with fuel-air mixture. Then, the deflagration rapidly transformed to detonation and finally, the detonation wave transition from the initiation chamber to the main combustion chamber. The combustor model used the same initial conditions with the pressure of 1atm and temperature of 300K. Hydrogen 2%and Air with Oxygen 22% are filled in the initiator and main combustor. In this paper, the flow fields of the PDE with a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture are numerically simulated. Effort is also expended to study the flow dynamics with low and high ignition energy in the initiation chamber, and the detonation wave propagation in main combustion chamber of PDE. The effects of shock wave propagation and reflection studied by fixing the dimensions of combustion chambers, initial conditions, outlet conditions and varying the pressure and temperature of ignition source of initiation chamber in single step and multi-steps reactions. At higher temperature and pressure, ignition is strong, or sharp. A single reaction center causes the abrupt appearance of a secondary shock induced by the explosive reaction. At lower temperature and pressure, the ignition is weak, or mild. The location of reaction centers where chemical reactions begin, appear behind the shock, and they gradually develop into an explosion. A high energy igniter can play an important role in rapid initiation techniques, but only as a means of initially creating a highly turbulent flame. The acceleration of that flame to detonation still consumes a considerable distance. The time of detonation depended on DDT length reduced, so that the ignition energy is very important for detonation process in the PDE combustion chamber. The multi-steps models are viewed as being more realistic than the traditional one-step models. The mu

关键词： deflagration detonation transition laminar flame turbulent flame shock wave pulse detonation engine detonation wave

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国际海盗犯罪与缅甸面临的海盗问题研究

国际海盗犯罪与缅甸面临的海盗问题研究

作者： SU win THEIN（缅甸）云南大学

学位级别：硕士

海盗犯罪有着悠久的历史,对社会产生巨大的危害。随着经济的发展,贸易的繁荣,现代海盗犯罪与海上恐怖主义等新问题相结合,表现出不同以往的诸多新特点和新问题。他们不但继承了海盗的古老传统,更利用现代化的科技武器改头换面,与国际犯... 详细信息

海盗犯罪有着悠久的历史,对社会产生巨大的危害。随着经济的发展,贸易的繁荣,现代海盗犯罪与海上恐怖主义等新问题相结合,表现出不同以往的诸多新特点和新问题。他们不但继承了海盗的古老传统,更利用现代化的科技武器改头换面,与国际犯罪集团和恐怖组织相勾结,成了海上世界及至全球恐怖活动的一支强大势力。然而,1982年《联合国海洋法公约》本身有关海盗罪规定的不足及很多国家海盗罪国内刑事立法的缺失,导致国际社会对海盗罪的认定存有分歧。因此,为了满足打击海盗罪的现实需要,提高惩治海盗犯罪的效率,加强和完善海盗罪的立法规定是非常重要的。针对海盗罪的特点,防范和打击海盗罪有效的立法和国际合作非常必要,很不少国家,特别是有些国家的地方政府无法及时以及持续打击的这些海上不法之徒,然而没有一个国家希望被国民和外界视作“无力保护海外公民人身安全。事实上,“国际海盗”却无法消除争论,因为新的世界在发生新的变化,新的论一点也不断涌现。既然国家可以成为国际恐怖主义犯罪的主体,海盗罪又是国际恐怖主义犯罪的一种,对于这些严重的犯罪形式,道理上肯定应当加以严厉打击。对于海峡的沿岸国以及航运大国而言,海峡对它们的具有非同寻常的意义,这个咽喉部位的任何问题,都有可能给它们的经济、安全带来严重后果,而也是海峡成为了海盗常常出没的地方,给航运带来严重的威胁。本文从共分为四个部分：第一章介绍了海盗犯罪的历史背景和现状,分析了海盗犯罪的历史背景和海盗犯罪的现况与介绍了海盗的定义。第二章分分为两节,第一节阐述了国际合作原则之于海盗惩治的必要性;第二节介绍了国际社会合作制止海盗与海盗行为。第三章又分为三节,第一节阐述了缅甸面临的海盗问题;第二节论述了国际海盗罪的缅甸国内立法分析;第三节为什么海盗不被消灭等海盗不与其他陆地犯罪一样,不是说无法避免,可以再一定程度上避免来分析和构想。

关键词：海盗犯罪缅甸国内法海洋法公约护航

The contribution of a non-governmental organisation’s Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar:trend over time

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 449-454页

作者： Htet Myet win Maung Saw Saw Petros Isaakidis Mohammed Khogali Anthony Reid Nguyen Binh Hoa Ko Ko Zaw Saw Thein Si Thu Aung National Tuberculosis Programme Ministry of Health and SportsZabuthiri townshipPostcode 15011 Nay Pyi TawMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research UnitMSF-LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme HanoiVietnam Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance

Background:It is estimated that the standard,passive case finding(PCF)strategy for detecting cases of tuberculosis(TB)in Myanmar has not been successful:26%of cases are ***,alternative strategies,such as active case finding(ACF)by community volunteers,have been initiated since *** study aimed to assess the contribution of a Community Based TB Care Programme(CBTC)by local non-government organizations(NGOs)to TB case finding in Myanmar over 4 ***:This was a descriptive study using routine,monitoring *** data from the NGOs were sent to a central registry within the National TB Programme and data for this study were extracted from that *** from all 84 project townships in five regions and three states in Myanmar were *** project was launched in ***:Over time,the number of presumptive TB cases that were referred decreased,except in the Yangon Region,although in some areas,the numbers *** the same time,there was a trend for the proportion of cases treated,compared to those referred,that decreased over time(P=0.051).Overall,among 84 townships,the contribution of CBTC to total case detection deceased from 6%to 4%over time(P<0.001).Conclusions:Contrary to expectations and evidence from previous studies in other countries,a concerning reduction in TB case finding by local NGO volunteer networks in several areas in Myanmar was recorded over 4 *** suggests that measures to support the volunteer network and improve its performance are *** may include discussion with local NGOs human resources personnel,incentives for the volunteers,closer supervision of volunteers and improved monitoring and evaluation tools.

关键词： Operational research Community based tuberculosis care Contribution SORT IT

人晶状体上皮细胞株SRA01/04中衰老标记蛋白30的改变在高钙及急性氧化应激状态的反应

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人晶状体上皮细胞株SRA01/04中衰老标记蛋白30的改变在高钙及急性...

作者： AINT THU THU win 广西医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:探讨人晶状体上皮细胞株SRA01/04中衰老标记蛋白30(senescence marker protein 30,SMP30)的改变在高钙及急性氧化应激状态下的反应,为进一步研究年龄相关性白内障发病机制提供理论依据,并且在预防白内障的发生发展中提供重要的依... 详细信息

目的:探讨人晶状体上皮细胞株SRA01/04中衰老标记蛋白30(senescence marker protein 30,SMP30)的改变在高钙及急性氧化应激状态下的反应,为进一步研究年龄相关性白内障发病机制提供理论依据,并且在预防白内障的发生发展中提供重要的依据。方法:1.建立SMP30过表达和沉默稳定株:将人晶状体上皮细胞株SRA01/04细胞按5x104/孔接种于6孔板细胞培养板中,待细胞生长到20%时根据MOI=5使用过表达慢病毒(LV-RGN,19544-1)及沉默慢病毒(LV-RGNNAi,50743-1)以及相应的空载对照组慢病毒感染细胞,按常规培养方式培养24小时后将培养液更换成正常培养液。培养72小时后在荧光显微镜下观察转染效率。细胞生长到90%时加入2μg/ml嘌呤霉素,筛选出成功转染细胞。将所得转染细胞提取所需RNA及蛋白进行实时定量聚合酶链反应及蛋白质印迹检测细胞株转染效率,确认模型构建成功。2.观察高钙培养状态下SMP30基因及蛋白的变化:将转染细胞培养至80%时加入15mmol/L Ca Cl2作用24小时,再提取所需RNA及蛋白检测SMP30基因及蛋白的表达量。3.观察急性氧化应激培养状态下SMP30基因和蛋白的变化:将转染细胞培养至80%加入300μmol/L H2O2作用2小时后提取RNA及蛋白检测此状态下的SMP30基因和蛋白的表达量。结果:1.衰老标记蛋白30过表达(Over-expression,OE)及沉默(Knock-down,KD)稳定株的转染效率:RT-PCR结果显示OE组(2.8330±0.201)与NC-OE(Over-expression negative control group,过表达空载组)组(0.987±0.888)相比表达丰度为2.83倍(t=-20.309,p=0.0030.05)。与正常状态相比OE组及KD组RGN m RGN基因表达量均出现反应性增加(pOE=0.0010.05)。结论:构建过表达SMP30及沉默SMP30模型成功,可用于后续研究。在急性氧化应激状态下,与正常状态相比,SMP30过表达组SMP30表达量增加更为明显,提示在急性氧化应激时SMP30出现反应性增加,可能参与HLECs氧化应激的过程。在高钙状态下,SMP30表达量出现反应性改变,提示S

关键词：衰老标记蛋白30 白内障急性氧化应激高钙

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缅甸高中的校长领导风格与教师自我效能感

缅甸高中的校长领导风格与教师自我效能感

作者： Khin Seint Seint win 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究以缅甸良乌镇(Nyaung Oo)部分高中的教师教学自我效能感和校长领导风格为主要研究对象。本研究采用定量研究和定性研究相结合的方法。研究涉及100名高中教师,分别来自于不同水平的高中。为评估校长的领导风格和教师的教学自我效能... 详细信息

本研究以缅甸良乌镇(Nyaung Oo)部分高中的教师教学自我效能感和校长领导风格为主要研究对象。本研究采用定量研究和定性研究相结合的方法。研究涉及100名高中教师,分别来自于不同水平的高中。为评估校长的领导风格和教师的教学自我效能感,研究人员采用了Bass和Avolio于1994年设计的多因素领导问卷(MLQ-5X)以及Tschannen-Moran和Woolfolk Hoy于2001年开发的俄亥俄州教师效能感量表(OSTES)。定量研究结果表明,就本研究所涉高中而言,校长领导理念与教师教学自我效能感量级之间不存在关联。为补充定量研究结果、了解中学教师对校长领导风格的看法以及他们自身所秉持的教学美德,本文同时也呈现了定性研究结果。本研究建议,就针对不同情境的各项领导策略,校长应学习其应用方法,并利用相关著作及研究分析报告的所得经验,学习如何与教师建立积极的联系并进行适时调整,以促进学生成才、推动学校繁荣发展。缅甸教育部及其他教育工作者(特别是培训学校的教育工作者)可利用本研究的分析结果,以提高校长选举培训工作的效能,进而优化校长领导风格对教师教学自我效能感的影响。

关键词：领导力自我效能感学生成绩

The Relativistic Time-Dependent Aharonov-Bohm Effect

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第16期5卷 1640-1651页

作者： Athanasios N. Petridis Zachary Kertzman Khinlay win Department of Physics and Astronomy Drake University Des Moines USA

The relativistic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is studied using the time-dependent Dirac equation. It is shown that if the initial electron distribution is a pulse it is possible to define time-dependent signals that dist... 详细信息

关键词： Aharonov-Bohm Effect Dirac Equation Time-Dependent Quantum Mechanics

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缅甸投资法下的公平公正待遇的批判性分析

缅甸投资法下的公平公正待遇的批判性分析

作者： Saw Thet Su win 华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

许多国家在国际投资协定或本国投资法中采用“相对标准条款(Relative Standard Clause,RSC)”和“绝对标准条款(Absolute Standard Clause,ASC)”作为保护投资的法律方法,旨在吸引外国投资。在绝对标准条款中,公平公正待遇在国际投资法... 详细信息

许多国家在国际投资协定或本国投资法中采用“相对标准条款(Relative Standard Clause,RSC)”和“绝对标准条款(Absolute Standard Clause,ASC)”作为保护投资的法律方法,旨在吸引外国投资。在绝对标准条款中,公平公正待遇在国际投资法领域内产生了很多问题,例如它的法律含义、它的涵盖范围等,是一个需要特别注意的内容。在这一方面,缅甸是在国内法中规定公平公正待遇条款的国家之一,然而,缅甸的投资法中的公平公正待遇条款含义不明,在实践中难以适用,并且易出现混淆。因此,本文将主要探讨如下三个问题:公平公正待遇条款的不切实际和不明确之处,如何平衡公平公正待遇和国家监管权,以及如何解决公平公正待遇中所涉及的上述问题和矛盾。为了探讨这一问题,本文将通过五章进行分析。第一章阐述了缅甸投资法下的公平公正待遇的要素,以及其中的问题和挑战。第二章则分析国家监管权与法律稳定性的平衡、合法监管行为、善意解释、透明度和投资者的尽职调查等内容。由于很少有国家在其国内法中规定公平公正待遇,第三章研究了其他国家和国际投资法这方面的相关实践和法律表达。基于上述分析,第四章则对缅甸投资法对公平公正待遇的规定提出了适当建议。根据本文的研究路径可以发现,缅甸投资法中的公平公正待遇条款的法律表述混乱不明,在国家层面难以适用;同时,由于对正当程序的限制范围狭窄,其也难以对投资者发挥作用。综上所述,有必要依据国内的行政和司法实践情况以及其他国家的成功实践审查和修订公平公正待遇标准,以避免现有的问题和矛盾。同时,在审查和修订缅甸投资法的公平公正待遇时,还需要考虑其他与投资相关的法律、双边投资条约和投资协定之间的联系,并进行相应调整。

关键词：缅甸投资法公平公正待遇国家监管权

Well-posedness of the M/G/1 Queueing System with Vacations by the Cofinal Theory

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Well-posedness of the M/G/1 Queueing System with Vacations b...