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mRNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： SHUBHRA cHANDRA JENNIFER c.wilson DAVID GOOD MING Q.WEI School of Pharmacy&Medical Sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland(MHIQ) Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia School of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of RNA therapy,particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of cOVID-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mRNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mRNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer ***,mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine delivery system mRNA

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Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.wilson FERNANdeS Letícia RAMOS Dario c.PAIVA Jéssica cUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES Daniel NEGREIROS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil department of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the *** environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological *** proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic *** described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and *** three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as chamaecrista choriophylla,cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia *** distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt *** provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local *** to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian grassland Taxon environment relationships

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Fish culture in biofloc technology(BFT):Insights on stocking density carbon sources,c/N ratio,fish nutrition and health

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第4期9卷 522-533页

作者： Luciana Kelly Oliveira wilson Wasielesky Jr Marcelo Borges Tesser Laboratorio de Nutriçao de Organismos Aqu´aticos Instituto de OceanografiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG-Rua do Hotel02-CassinoRio Grande96201-900Brazil Laborat´orio de carcinocultura Instituto de OceanografiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG-Rua do Hotel02-CassinoRio Grande96201-900Brazil

The growth of aquaculture demands intense consumption of formulated foods,scarce natural resources such as water and *** increase in aquaculture production needs to be sustainable in several aspects of the activity,including the use of more sustainable farming systems that provide reduced water demand,less space dependence for increased production,and availability of complementary natural *** this perspective,the biofloc system(BFT),presents itself as a more friendly cultivation technology as a way to mitigate some impacts of aquaculture *** research has been carried out,addressing different aspects important to the production of fish in *** this review,we address how stocking density,carbon sources and carbon nitrogen ration(c/N)affect animal performance and the nutritional value of bioflocs;the use of microbial aggregates as“in situ”and“ex situ”food and the benefits in feed conversion,and their influence on the immune system and disease resistance.

关键词： Biofloc technology Aquaculture system Natural food Nutritional value Fish health

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A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi cHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU John wilson Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit climate change

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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons christina Mills Pauline Moussi casey Nichols carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston wilson John F.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina c.Kalcounis-Rueppell department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLc department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats chiroptera chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and giardiasis: Results from a study of surrogate markers for fecal exposure among children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第18期11卷 2759-2763页

作者： Edson Duarte Moreira Jr Victor Bastos Nassri Rafaela Sousa Santos Junísia Ferraz Matos wilson andrade de c.rvalho célia Stolve Silvani círia Santana e Sant'Ana Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa Fundac■o Irm■ Dulce Salvador Bahia Brazil Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz Fundac■o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Bahia Brazil Diretoria Científica e Laboratório do Hospital S■o Rafael Salvador Bahia Brazil Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa Fundac■o Irm■Dulce Salvador Bahia Brazil Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz Fundac■o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Bahia Brazil Diretoria Científica e Laboratório do Hospital S■o Rafael Salvador Bahia Brazil Diretoria científica e Laboratório do Hospital S■o Rafael Salvador Bahia Brazil Diretoria científica e Laboratório do Hospital S(?)o Rafael Salvador Bahia Brazil Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa Fundac(?)o Irm(?) Dulce Salvador Bahia Brazil

AIM: To investigate whether Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, presence of enteroparasites, and other surrogates of fecal exposure. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 121 children consecutively admitted at a pediatric hospital in Salvador, Brazil. H pyloriand HAV infection were identified by the presence of serum antibodies. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of ova and parasites. A structured questionnaire inquiring about sanitary conditions and life style was applied to each subject. RESULTS: Fifty-one of the 121 children (42.1%) were found to be seropositive for H pylori, and 45 (37.2%) for HAV. The seroprevalence of Hpyloriand HAV both increased significantly with age. cross-tabulation of data showed that 26 (21.5%) were seropositive and 51 (42.1%) were negative for both H py/lriand HAV antibodies (x^2=7.18, OR=2.8, cI 1.30-5.97). The age adjusted OR for an HAV-infected child being H pylori positive was 2.3 (cI 1.02-5.03). The agreement between H pylori and HAV seropositivity was fair (k=0.24). After controlling for possible confounding, the variables remaining independently associated with seropositivity to H pylori were age, presence of Giardia lamblia in feces (OR=3.2, 95%cI, 1.1-9.5) and poor garbage disposal quality (OR=2.4, 95%cI, 1.1-5.1). cONcLUSION: Our data suggest that H pylori infection is associated with surrogate markers of fecal exposure. Thus, we conclude that the fecal-oral route is relevant in the transmission of HP among children in an urban setting of a developing country. The association observed between G. lamblia and H pylori infection may have several explanations. Further studies to investigate this relationship are warranted.

关键词： H pylori Hepatitis A virus Epidemiology Transmission Enteroparasites Brazil

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识别液态和固态水的四波段水指数及其在咸海流域的应用

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第3期54卷 788-807页

作者：岳兵陈曦李赛博杜正平 John wilson 杨筠慧焦毅蒙黄双燕周成虎中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km... 详细信息

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km^(2)到2百万km^(2)不等.因此,我们首先界定咸海流域、锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及它们的上、中、下游的边界,然后提出可识别液态水和固态水的四波段指数(ILSW),以解决传统水指数的误别偏差问题.ILSW基于绿色、红色、近红外和热红外波段反射值,是归一化差异水指数(NDWI)和地表温度(LST)的合成.验证结果显示,ILSW水指数在咸海流域的准确性远远超过其他指数.研究结果表明,南咸海的水域面积平均每年缩小963km^(2),而北咸海几乎没有变化;由于气候变暖,咸海流域上游常年冰雪面积有大幅度退缩趋势,阿姆河上游和锡尔河上游常年冰雪的退缩速率分别为年均6233和384km^(2)/a.气候变化和人类活动引起了严重的水亏问题.自20世纪90年代以来,水亏呈增长趋势,平均每年增长3.778亿m^(3).2011~2020年期间,整个咸海流域平均总水亏量为76.967亿m^(3),而锡尔河流域上游(咸海流域的一个组成部分)水盈余量为25.461亿m^(3).研究结果对制定咸海流域可持续发展战略具有重要意义.

关键词：咸海流域锡尔河流域阿姆河流域水指数水面积覆盖水亏缺气候变化

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Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第7期13卷 1067-1073页

作者： Andre castro lyra Milena Botelho Pereira Soares luiz Flavio Maia da Silva Marcos Fraga Fortes André Goyanna Pinheiro Silva Augusto césar de andrade Mota Sheilla A Oliveira Eduardo lorens Braga wilson andrade de c.rvalho Bernd Genser Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos luiz Guilherme costa lyra Hos-pital Sao Rafael Salvador Bahia Brazil centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Bahia Brazil BGStats consulting Graz Austria

AIM： To evaluate the safety and feasibility of bone marrow cell （BMc） transplantation in patients with chronic liver disease on the waiting list for liver transplantation. METHODS： Ten patients （eight males） with chronic liver disease were enrolled to receive infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived cells. Seven patients were classified as child-Pugh B and three as child-Pugh c. Baseline assessment included complete clinical and laboratory evaluation and abdominal MRI. Approximately 50 mL of bone marrow aspirate was prepared by centrifugation in a ficoll-hypaque gradient. At least of 100 millions of mononuclear-enriched BMcs were infused into the hepatic artery using the routine technique for arterial chemoembolization for liver tumors. Patients were followed up for adverse events up to 4 mo. RESULTS： The median age of the patients was 52 years （range 24-70 years）. All patients were discharged 48 h after BMc infusion. Two patients complained ofmild pain at the bone marrow needle puncture site. No other complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Bilirubin levels were lower at 1 （2.19 ± 0.9） and 4 mo （2.10 ± 1.0） after cell transplantation that baseline levels （238 ± 1.2）. Albumin levels 4 mo after BMc infusion （3.73 ± 0.5） were higher than baseline levels （3.47 ± 0.5）. International normalized ratio （INR） decreased from 1.48 （SD = 0.23） to 1.43 （SD = 0.23） one month after cell transplantation. cONcLUSION： BMc infusion into hepatic artery of patients with advanced chronic liver disease is safe and feasible. In addition, a decrease in mean serum bilirubin and INR levels and an increase in albumin levels are observed. Our data warrant further studies in order to evaluate the effect of BMc transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.

关键词： Bone marrow cell transplantation Liverfailure Stem cell cirrhosis

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Thermal and photoperiodic requirements of the seedling stage of three tropical forest species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 209-220页

作者： Fabrina Bolzan Martins Mábele de cássia Ferreira Flávia Fernanda Azevedo Fagundes Gabriel wilson Lorena Florêncio Natural Resource Institute Federal University of ItajubáItajubáMinas Gerais 37500-903Brazil

Air temperature and photoperiod play an important role in the seedling development for tropical forest *** variables are sensitive to climate,and so evaluating thermal and photoperiodic effects on seedling development is fundamental,especially for climate change *** to quantify thermal time and the energy required for plants to reach a development stage include air temperature and cardinal *** photoperiod will also affect physiological reactions of a plant and thus its *** we evaluated the six thermal time methods widely used to compute thermal requirement,and identified the influence of the photoperiod from the 2015 and2016 growing seasons and 12 sowing dates in Itajubá,Minas Gerais state,Brazil,on seedling development of three native tropical forest species Psidium guajava L.(Myrtaceae),citharexylum myrianthum cham.(Verbenaceae),and Bixa orellana L.(Bixaceae).The method used to quantify thermal time influenced the analytical results of seedling development;the one that considered three cardinal temperatures and compared them with the mean air temperature(Method5)performed better in computing thermal *** influence of photoperiod on seedling development was inconclusive for the three species,but all three developed better in mild temperatures(between 13.3℃and 26.9℃)with a photoperiod shorter than 13 h.

关键词： Phyllochron Thermal time Day length Seedling stage Phenology

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Numerical and experimental investigation on aluminum 6061-Vgrooved stainless steel 304 explosive cladding

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第2期18卷 249-260页

作者： c.wilson dhileep kumar S.Saravanan K.Raghukandan department of Mechanical Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamilnadu608002India department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityIndia

This study attempts to analyze the microstructure and interface behavior of aluminum 6061(Al 6061)-Vgrooved stainless steel(SS304)explosive cladding by numerical and experimental *** simulation was performed by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)technique,in ANSYS AUTODYN,and the results are correlated with experimental *** machining of V-grooves on the base plate transform the melted layer formed in conventional cladding(without grooves on the base plate)into a smooth undulating interface,for a similar experimental *** flyer plate and collision velocities,observed in numerical simulation,are in good agreement to the analytical *** pressure developed in the flyer plate is higher than the base plate and the maximum pressure is witnessed at the collision point irrespective of grooved base plate or *** temperature developed in the collision point of conventional explosive cladding exceeds the melting point of both the participant metals,whereas,it exceeds the melting point of aluminum alone,in case of V-grooved base plate *** shear and impact strengths of the V-grooved base plate clads are higher than the conventional clads and the fracture surfaces exhibit mixed modes of fracture.

关键词： Explosive cladding Dissimilar metals Grooves Numerical simulation Interface Strength

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