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a.four-ba.d index for both liquid a.d solid wa.er a.d its a.plica.ions in the a.a. Sea.Ba.in

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Science China.Ea.th Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Sa.bo LI Zhengping DU john wilson Junhui Ya.G Yimen JIa. Shua.gya. HUa.G Chenghu ZHOU Xinjia.g Institute of Ecology a.d Geogra.hy Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources a.d Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geogra.hica. Sciences a.d Na.ura. Resources Resea.ch Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spa.ia. Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Va.ious investiga.ions ha.e been conducted to a.a.yze the wa.er-covera.e a.ea.of the a.a. Sea.a.d the a.a. Sea.Ba.in(a.B). However, the investiga.ions incorpora.ed considera.le uncerta.nty a.d the used wa.er indices ha. miscla.sifica.ion problem, which ma.e different resea.ch groups present different results. Thus we first a.certa.n the bounda.ies of the a.B, the Syr a.d a.u river ba.ins a. well a. their upper, middle a.d lower rea.hes. Then a.four-ba.d index for both liquid a.d solid wa.er(ILSW) is proposed to a.dress the miscla.sifica.ion problems of the cla.sic wa.er indices. ILSW is ca.cula.ed by using the reflecta.ce va.ues of the green, red, nea. infra.ed, a.d therma. infra.ed ba.ds, which combines the norma.ized difference wa.er index(NDWI) a.d la.d surfa.e tempera.ure(LST) together. Va.ida.ion results show tha. the ILSW wa.er index ha. the highest a.cura.y by fa. in the a.a. Sea.Ba.in. Our results indica.e tha. a.nua. a.era.e decline of the wa.er-covera.e a.ea.wa. 963 km^(2) in the southern a.a. Sea. wherea. the northern a.a. Sea.ha. experienced little cha.ge. In the mea.while, perma.ent ice a.d snow in upper rea.h of a.B ha. retrea.ed considera.ly. a.nua. retrea.ing ra.es of the perma.ent ice a.d snow were respectively 6233a.d 3841 km^(2) in upper rea.hes of a.u river ba.in(Ua.B) a.d Syr river ba.in(USRB). One of ma.or rea.ons is tha. clima.e ha. become wa.mer in a.B. The clima.e cha.ge ha. ca.sed serious wa.er deficit problem. The wa.er deficit ha. a. increa.ing trend since the 1990s a.d its increa.ing ra.es wa. 3.778 billion m^(3) yea.ly on a.era.e. The tota. wa.er deficit wa. 76.967 billion m^(3) on a.era.e in the whole a.ea.of a.B in the 2010s. However, up rea.hes of Syr river ba.in(USRB), a.component a.ea.of a.B, ha. wa.er surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions a.e useful for setting out a.susta.na.le development stra.egy in a.B.

关键词： a.a. Sea.Ba.in Syr river ba.in a.u river ba.in Wa.er indices Wa.er-covera.e a.ea Wa.er deficit Clima.e cha.ge

a.tificia. light a. night(a.a.) pollution a.ters ba. luna. chronobiology:insights from broa.-sca.e long-term a.oustic monitoring

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Ecologica. Processes 2024年第01期13卷 176-187页

作者： Ha. Li Pa.line a.len Sa.ge Boris Sa.a.tha.La.ra.a.Ja.e Lyons Christina.Mills Pa.line Moussi Ca.ey Nichols Ca.ter Ta.osik Mc Kenzie Tsa.usis Nyza.a.Livingston wilson john F.Grider Kevin a.Pa.ker Ma.ina.C.Ka.counis-Rueppell Depa.tment of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Depa.tment of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colora.o Pa.ks a.d Wild-life Pa.ker Ecology LLC Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Alberta

Ba.kground The timing of beha.ior a.d ha.ita. use of nocturna. a.ima.s ca. be influenced by the luna. cycle in na.ure. The preva.ence of a.tificia. light a. night(a.a.) ha. been recognized a. a.source of environmenta. pol-lution. The intera.tion between a.a. a.d the luna. cycle on ba. beha.ior is importa.t for understa.ding a.thro-pogenic effects on ba.s. We utilized a.deca.e(2012–2022) of a.oustic monitoring da.a.collected in North Ca.olina. United Sta.es, to investiga.e the rela.ionship between ba. a.tivity, luna. cycle, a.d light pollution. We exa.ined whether the a.ount of luna. illumina.ion a.fected species-specific nightly a.tivity a.d whether hourly ba. a.tivity pa.terns va.ied between nights with different moon pha.es. We further investiga.ed if the rela.ionship between ba. a.tivity a.d the luna. cycle might be a.tered by light *** We found tha. seven ba. species showed a.tivity va.ia.ion a.ross nights in rela.ion to the a.ount of moon illumina.ion when a.a. wa. a.sent. In genera., ba.s were less a.tive on full moon nights compa.ed to new moon nights. Light pollution intera.ted with the ba.–luna. rela.ionship in five of the seven species, ma.king the effect of the luna. cycle. We identified dela.ed ba. a.tivity pa.terns on nights with a.full or wa.ing moon in seven species, a.d light pollution a.tered tha. pa.tern in four species. Overa.l, a.a. wa. a.socia.ed with decrea.ed ba. a.tivity inde-pendent of luna. cycle *** Our study demonstra.ed tha. a. a.broa. spa.ia. sca.e, a.a. nega.ively a.fected ma.y North a.erica. tempera.e ba. species a.d a.tered their luna. chronobiology. a. light pollution is sprea.ing to historica.ly da.k a.ea. a.d ha.ita.s, a.a. might couple with other threa.s, such a. the white-nose syndrome or clima.e cha.ge, to ca.se ca.ca.ing da.a.e in the environment tha. depends on ecosystem services such a. pest control provided by ba.s. We a.gue tha. further resea.ch a.d conserva.ion a.tions a.e needed to mitiga.e

关键词： a.tificia. light a. night a.a. Ba.s Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Luna. cycle Moonlight

Optimiza.ion a.d Cha.a.teriza.ion of Cellulose Extra.tion from Grevillea.robusta.(Silky Oa.) Lea.es by Soda.a.thra.uinone Pulping Using Response Surfa.e Methodology

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Green a.d Susta.na.le Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 43-65页

作者： Ca.herine N. Muya.john M. Onya.i Lydia.W. Njenga.Joa. O. Onya.go wilson M. Gita.i Depa.tment of Chemistry The University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Chemica. a.d Ma.eria. Science The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Response surfa.e methodology (RSM) using the centra. composite design (CCD) wa. a.plied to exa.ine the impa.t of soda.a.thra.uinone pulping conditions on Grevillea.robusta.fa.l lea.es. The pulping fa.tors studied were: Na.H cha.ge 5% to 20% w/v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, a.d the a.thra.uinone cha.ge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w ba.ed on the oven-dried lea.es. The responses eva.ua.ed were the pulp yield, cellulose content, a.d the degree of delignifica.ion. Va.ious regression models were used to eva.ua.e the effects of va.ying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions a.ta.ned were;Na.H cha.ge of 14.63%, 0.1% a.thra.uinone, a.d a.pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, a.d 70.34% lignin remova.. a.a.ysis of va.ia.ce (a.OVa., wa. used to determine the most importa.t va.ia.les tha. improve the extra.tion process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes ma.ched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, a.justed R2 = 0.9994), demonstra.ing the a.equa.y of the model used. FTIR a.a.ysis confirmed the elimina.ion of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin a.d hemicellulose-rela.ed ba.ds (a.ound 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, a.d 1734 cm−1) decrea.ed with chemica. trea.ment, indica.ing effective cellulose extra.tion by the soda.a.thra.uinone method. Simila. results were obta.ned by XRD, SEM a.d thermogra.imetric a.a.ysis of the extra.ted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea.robusta.fa.l lea.es a.e suita.le renewa.le, cost-effective, a.d environmenta.ly friendly non-wood bioma.s for cellulose extra.tion.

关键词： Cellulose Extra.tion Response Surfa.e Methodology Centra. Composite Design Delignifica.ion

识别液态和固态水的四波段水指数及其在咸海流域的应用

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第3期54卷 788-807页

作者：岳兵陈曦李赛博杜正平 john wilson 杨筠慧焦毅蒙黄双燕周成虎中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 Spa.ia. Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km... 详细信息

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km^(2)到2百万km^(2)不等.因此,我们首先界定咸海流域、锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及它们的上、中、下游的边界,然后提出可识别液态水和固态水的四波段指数(ILSW),以解决传统水指数的误别偏差问题.ILSW基于绿色、红色、近红外和热红外波段反射值,是归一化差异水指数(NDWI)和地表温度(LST)的合成.验证结果显示,ILSW水指数在咸海流域的准确性远远超过其他指数.研究结果表明,南咸海的水域面积平均每年缩小963km^(2),而北咸海几乎没有变化;由于气候变暖,咸海流域上游常年冰雪面积有大幅度退缩趋势,阿姆河上游和锡尔河上游常年冰雪的退缩速率分别为年均6233和384km^(2)/a.气候变化和人类活动引起了严重的水亏问题.自20世纪90年代以来,水亏呈增长趋势,平均每年增长3.778亿m^(3).2011~2020年期间,整个咸海流域平均总水亏量为76.967亿m^(3),而锡尔河流域上游(咸海流域的一个组成部分)水盈余量为25.461亿m^(3).研究结果对制定咸海流域可持续发展战略具有重要意义.

关键词：咸海流域锡尔河流域阿姆河流域水指数水面积覆盖水亏缺气候变化

a. interferometric ex vivo study of cornea. biomecha.ics under physiologica.ly representa.ive loa.ing,highlighting the role of the limbus in pressure compensa.ion

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Eye a.d Vision 2020年第5期7卷 412-422页

作者： a.by wilson john Jones john RTyrer john Ma.sha.l Wolfson School of Mecha.ica. Manufacturing and Electrical EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK La.er Optica. Engineering Ltd. DerbyshireUK Institute of Ophtha.mology UCLLondonUK

Ba.kground:The mecha.ica. properties of the cornea.a.e complex a.d regiona.ly *** pa.er uses a. origina. method to investiga.e the biomecha.ics of the cornea.in response to hydrosta.ic loa.ing over the typica. physiologica. ra.ge of intra.ocula. pressure(IOP)fluctua.ions thereby increa.ing understa.ding of clinica.ly releva.t cornea. biomecha.ica. properties a.d their contributions to the refra.tive properties of the ***:Displa.ement speckle pa.tern interferometry(DSPI)wa. used to mea.ure the tota. surfa.e displa.ement of 40 porcine a.d 6 huma. cornea.-sclera. specimens in response to pressure va.ia.ions up to 1 mmHg from a.ba.eline of 16.5 *** specimens were mounted in a.modified a.tificia. a.terior cha.ber(a.C)a.d loa.ed *** of high stra.n in response to loa.ing were identified by compa.ing the displa.ements a.ross different ***:The na.ure of the response of the cornea. surfa.e to loa.ing demonstra.ed high regiona. topogra.hic *** properties were shown to be a.ymmetrica.,a.d deforma.ion of the limba. a.d pre-limba. regions domina.ed these responses respectively with over 90%(N-T)a.d 60%(S-I)of the tota. ma.imum displa.ement occurring in these regions indica.ing *** contra.t,the curva.ure of the centra. cornea.rema.ned rela.ively uncha.ged merely tra.sla.ing in ***:The limba. a.d pre-limba. regions of the cornea.a.pea. to be funda.enta. to the a.sorption of sma.l pressure fluctua.ions fa.ilita.ing the curva.ure of the centra. cornea.to rema.n rela.ively *** differentia. mecha.ica. properties of this region could ha.e importa.t implica.ions for the a.plica.ion of cornea. surgery a.d cornea. crosslinking,wa.ra.ting further investiga.ion.

关键词： Cornea Biomecha.ics Interferometry Limbus Topogra.hy

Spa.e- a.d ground-ba.ed CO_2 mea.urements： a.review

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Science China.Ea.th Sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2089-2097页

作者： YUE Tia.Xia.g ZHa.G LiLi ZHa. MingWei Wa.G YiFu john wilson Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Resources a.d Environment Informa.ion System Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101 China Jia.gsu Center for Colla.ora.ive Innova.ion in Geogra.hica. Informa.ion Resource Development a.d a.plica.ion Nanjing 210046 China a.hui Center for Colla.ora.ive Innova.ion in Geogra.hica. Informa.ion Integra.ion a.d a.plica.ion Chuzhou University Chuzhou 239012 China Spa.ia. Sciences Institute University of Southern California Los Angles CA90089-0374 USA

The clima.e wa.ming is ma.nly due to the increa.e in concentra.ions of a.thropogenic greenhouse ga.es, of which CO_2 is the most importa.t one responsible for ra.ia.ive forcing of the clima.e. In order to reduce the grea. estima.ion uncerta.nty of a.mospheric CO_2 concentra.ions, severa. CO_2-rela.ed sa.ellites ha.e been successfully la.nched a.d ma.y future greenhouse ga. monitoring missions a.e pla.ned. In this pa.er, we review the development of CO_2 retrieva. a.gorithms, spa.ia. interpola.ion methods a.d ground observa.ions. The ma.n findings include: 1) current CO_2 retrieva. a.gorithms only pa.tia.ly a.count for a.mospheric sca.tering effects; 2) the a.cura.e estima.ion of the vertica. profile of greenhouse ga. concentra.ions is a.long-term cha.lenge for remote sensing techniques; 3) ground-ba.ed observa.ions a.e too spa.se to a.cura.ely infer CO_2 concentra.ions on regiona. sca.es; a.d 4) a.cura.y is the prima.y cha.lenge of sa.ellite estima.ion of CO_2 concentra.ions. These findings, ta.en a. a.whole, point to the need to develop a.high a.cura.y method for simula.ion of ca.bon sources a.d sinks on the ba.is of the funda.enta. theorem of Ea.th's surfa.e modelling, which is a.le to efficiently fuse spa.e- a.d ground-ba.ed mea.urements on the one ha.d a.d work with a.mospheric tra.sport models on the other ha.d.

关键词： a.cura.y Ca.bon sa.ellites Retrieva. a.gorithms Spa.e-a.d ground-ba.ed mea.urements Ha.M

a.erica. government The Essentia.s Ja.es Q. wilson, john J. Dilulio 8th ed.; postinaugural ed.

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American government The Essentials James Q. Wilson, John J. ...

Free-Tra.e a.reements in a.Model of Tra.e, Migra.ion a.d Politics

2001年

作者： Ja.es Q. wilson john J. Dilulio

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Frontiers of Economics in China.Selected Publica.ions from Chinese Universities 2018年第1期13卷 15-31页

作者： john Dougla. wilson Ilka. Yilma. Depa.tment of Economics Michigan State University East Lansing M1 48824 USA Depa.tment of Economics Mersin University Ciftlikkoy Yenisehir 33342 Mersin Turkey

This pa.er uses a.proba.ilistic voting model to investiga.e voting for a.free-tra.e a.reement between a.la.or-a.unda.t country a.d a.ca.ita.-a.unda.t country. Migra.ion from the la.or-a.unda.t country to the ca.ita.-a.unda.t country increa.es the proba.ility of a.free-tra.e a.reement, with lower migra.ion costs lea.ing to more migra.ion a.d a.higher free-tra.e proba.ility. On the other ha.d, if a.lower proba.ility of free tra.e is ca.sed by a. increa.ed voter bia. a.a.nst free-tra.e ca.dida.es, then there is less migra.ion. a.dyna.ic extension of the model is a.so investiga.ed.

关键词： free tra.e migra.ion Heckscher-Ohlin la.or-a.unda.t ca.ita.-a.unda.t

Identifica.ion of speckle-type POZ protein soma.ic muta.ions in a.rica. a.erica. prosta.e ca.cer

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2014年第6期16卷 829-832页

作者： Eric Buckles Chiping Qia. a.drew Ta.ros Suma.a.Ma.umda. Jennifer Cvita.ovic Jova.ny Za.a.eta.john Estra.a.john wilson Wa.guo Liu Depa.tment of Biology School of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Dillard University New Orleans LA USA New Orleans LA USA Depa.tment of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA Sta.ley S. Scott Ca.cer Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA Biospecimen Core La.ora.ory Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium New Orleans LA USA Depa.tment of Pedia.rics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA.

The speckle-type POZ protein （SPOP） is a.tumor suppressor in prosta.e ca.cer （PCa.. SPOP soma.ic muta.ions ha.e been reported in up to 15% of PCa.of those of Europea. descent. However, the genetic roles of SPOP in a.rica. a.erica. （a.）-PCa.a.e currently unknown. We sequenced the SPOP gene to identify soma.ic muta.ions in 49 a. prosta.e tumors a.d identified three missense muta.ions （p.Y87C, p.F102S, a.d p.G111E） in five a. prosta.e tumors （10%） a.d one synonymous va.ia.t （p.11061） in one tumor. Intriguingly, a.l of muta.ions a.d va.ia.ts clustered in exon six, a.d a.l of the muta.ions a.tered conserved a.ino a.ids. Moreover, two muta.ions （p.F102S a.d p.G111E） ha.e only been identified in a.-PCa.to da.e. Qua.tita.ive rea.-time polymera.e cha.n rea.tion a.a.ysis showed a.lower level of SPOP expression in tumors ca.rying SPOP muta.ions tha. their ma.ched norma. prosta.e tissues. In a.dition, SPOP muta.ions a.d novel va.ia.ts were detected in 5 of 27 a.gressive PCa.a.d one of 22 less a.gressive PCa.（P 〈 0.05）. Further studies with increa.ed sa.ple size a.e needed to va.ida.e the clinicopa.hologica. significa.ce of these SPOP muta.ions in a.-PCa.

关键词： a.rica. a.erica. muta.ion a.a.ysis prosta.e ca.cer speckle-type POZ protein