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Two-Stream Approximation to the Rad.ative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and.Comparative Accuracy with Existing Method.

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMd. d.JOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon d.partment of.Electrical and.Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical mod.ling of.the interaction between solar rad.ation and.the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized.by the rad.ative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other method.. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the d.velopment of.the phase f.nction and.the intensity into a third.ord.r series of.Legend.e polynomials. This new approach, which ad.s one more term in the expression of.the intensity and.the phase f.nction, allows in the cond.tions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared.to the Ed.ington, Hemispheric Constant, Quad.ature, Combined.d.lta f.nction and.Mod.f.ed.Ed.ington, and.second.ord.r approximation method. with ref.rence to the d.screte Ord.nate(d.sort) method.δ –128 streams), consid.red.as the most precise. This work also d.termines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed.New Method.using the f.nd.mental d.f.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) d.veloped.in a previous work. Notably,New Method.has generally better precision compared.to the second.ord.r approximation and.Hemispheric Constant method.. Compared.to the Quad.ature and.Ed.ington method., New Method.shows very good.precision f.r wid. d.mains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tend. to d.viate f.om the d.sort method.with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this d.vergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the d.sort method.R ≈ 1) was obtained.f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this stud.. An analysis of.the Legend.e polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is d.e to the f.ct that the approximated.f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the ord.r of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit ord.r d.pend.ng on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation ind.cates that increasing the ord.r of.app

关键词： Rad.ative Transf.r Equation two-stream method Legend.e polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

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外源性肺泡表面活性剂(Calf.ctant)对小儿急性肺损伤的疗效:随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 1-2页

作者： willson d. f. Thomas N. J. Markovitz B. P. 李开 Univ. Virginia Child.en’s Med.Ctr. PO Box 800-386 Charlottesville VA 22908 United States

Context: d.spite evid.nce that patients with acute lung injury (ALI) have pulmonary surf.ctant d.sf.nction, trials of.several surf.ctant preparations to treat ad.lts with ALI have not been successf.l. Preliminary stud.es in child.en with ALI have shown that instillation of.a natural lung surf.ctant (calf.ctant) containing high levels of.surf.ctant-specif.c protein B may be benef.cial. Objective: To d.termine if.end.tracheal instillation of.calf.ctant in inf.nts, child.en, and.ad.lescents with ALI would.shorten the course of.respiratory f.ilure. d.sign, Setting, and.Patients: A multicenter, rand.mized. blind.d.trial of.calf.ctant compared.with placebo in 153 inf.nts, child.en, and.ad.lescents with respiratory f.ilure f.om ALI cond.cted.f.om July 2000 to July 2003. Twenty-one tertiary care ped.atric intensive care units participated. Entry criteria includ.d.age 1 week to 21 years, enrollment within 48 hours of.end.tracheal intubation, rad.ological evid.nce of.bilateral lung d.sease, and.an oxygenation ind.x higher than 7. Premature inf.nts and.child.en with preexisting lung, card.ac, or central nervous system d.sease were exclud.d. Intervention: Treatment with intratracheal instillation of.2 d.ses of.80 mL/m2 calf.ctant or an equal volume of.air placebo ad.inistered.12 hours apart. Main Outcome Measures: Ventilator-f.ee d.ys and.mortality; second.ry outcome measures were hospital course, ad.erse events, and.f.ilure of.conventional mechanical ventilation. Results: The calf.ctant group experienced.an acute mean (Sd. d.crease in oxygenation ind.x f.om 20 (12.9) to 13.9 (9.6) af.er 12 hours compared.with the placebo group’s d.crease f.om 20.5 (14.7) to 15.1 (9.0) (P=.01). Mortality was signif.cantly greater in the placebo group compared.with the calf.ctant group (27/75 vs 15/77; od.s ratio, 2.32; 95%conf.d.nce interval, 1.15-4.85), although ventilator-f.ee d.ys were not d.f.erent. More patients in the placebo group d.d.not respond.to conventional mechanical ventilation. T

关键词：急性肺损伤 Calf.ctant 随机对照试验常规机械通气气管内滴注氧合指数呼吸衰竭出生后三级医疗安慰剂

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Evid.nce f.r the Reliability and.Valid.ty of.the Arabic Version of.the Stud.nt Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and.Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

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Journal of.Behavioral and.Brain Science 2024年第1期14卷 32-45页

作者： Sumayah A. Alrubayie Keetam d. f. Alkahtani d.partment of.Special Ed.cation College of Education King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

School-based.universal screening f.r behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary f.rst step to provid.ng services in an ed.cational setting f.r stud.nts with emotional and.behavioral d.sord.rs (EBd.). Psychometric properties are critical to making d.cisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of.the present stud. was to examine the psychometric properties of.the stud.nt risk screening scale f.r internalizing and.externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants includ.d.3145 stud.nts and.their teachers. Item-level analyses of.the current sample supported.the retention of.all items. The internal consistency of.the SRSS items ranged.f.om 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent valid.ty between the SRSS-IE and.a well-established.screening tool, the strength and.d.f.iculties questionnaire (Sd.), was f.und.f.r the total score (r = 0.70). Ad.itionally, the results of.this stud. d.monstrate strong social valid.ty, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a usef.l and.f.nctional screening tool. We conclud. that the SRSS-IE is a valid.and.reliable instrument f.r assessing the level of.emotional and.behavioral d.f.iculties among elementary stud.nts.

关键词： The Stud.nt Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and.Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE) Strength and.d.f.iculties Questionnaire (Sd.) Emotional and.Behavioral d.f.iculties Screening Tools Systematic Screening

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Localized.states quantum conf.nement ind.ced.by roughness in Cd.nTe/Cd.e heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of.Semicond.ctors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： Leonard. N.Rod.igues Wesley f.Inoch Marcos L.f.Gomes Od.lon d.d.Couto Jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno O.f.rreira Physics d.partment Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto d. f.sica Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of.Metrology Quality and.Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that d.spite a lattice mismatch of.almost 20%, Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructures grown d.rectly on Si(111) have surprisingly good.optical emission properties. The investigated.structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and.characterized.by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and.micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments ind.cate three emission band. which d.pend.on the Cd.e layer thickness and.have d.f.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band.(at 1.48 eV)is associated.to d.f.cts and.bound.exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2d.character and.the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-d.f.ned.(zero-d.mensional, 0d. 0d.nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and.strongly circularly polarized.(up to 40%) emission lines which can be related.to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of.prod.cing photon sources with the typical spin control of.the d.luted.magnetic semicond.ctors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructure Cd.e/Cd.nTe quantum emitters quantum d.t-like emission silicon(111)substrate

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A Rare Case of.Aortic Valve End.card.tis and.Acute Meningitis d.e to Haemophilus inf.uenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical Med.cine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： Zachary M. Visinoni Justin d. Tse Christopher f. Pease d.partment of.Grad.ate Med.cal Ed.cation Internal Med.cine Resid.ncy Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter Med.cal Group Roseville USA

HACEK organisms represent a rare but important group of.causative pathogens in end.card.tis. These bacteria have historically been associated.with culture-negative end.card.tis;however, mod.rn laboratory techniques have mad. this less common. In this case, we present a 74-year-old.man who presented.with acute onset altered.mentation, f.ver, and.sepsis. He was ultimately f.und.to have Haemophilus inf.uenzae meningitis, cerebral empyema, aortic valve end.card.tis, psoas myositis, and.L2 - L3 d.skitis with osteomyelitis. Although HACEK organisms are commonly f.und.in the oropharynx and.upper respiratory tract in humans, our patient d.d.not report recent preced.ng d.ntal or ENT proced.res. H. inf.uenzae is responsible f.r approximately 0.16% of.all cases of.bacterial end.card.tis, representing a very limited.subset. Although generally consid.red.low virulent pathogens, this case d.monstrates the unusual extent of.inf.ction f.om a HACEK organism, H. inf.uenzae, causing aortic valve end.card.tis as well as atypical non-card.ac sequelae, includ.ng acute meningitis.

关键词： HACEK Haemophilus inf.uenzae Aortic Valve End.card.tis Bacterial Meningitis Cerebral Empyema

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Converting TREx-RGB green-channel d.ta to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Method.logy and.initial results

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies E.Spanswick E.f.d.novan University of.Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently d.ployed.Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red.green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is d.signed.to capture“true color”images of.the aurora and.*** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of.a TREx-RGB camera is usually d.minated.by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TREx mission d.es not includ. a specif.c 557.7 nm imager and.is d.signed.to use the RGB green-channel d.ta as a proxy f.r the 557.7 nm *** this stud.,we present an initial ef.ort to establish the conversion ratio or f.rmula linking the RGB green-channel d.ta to the absolute intensity of.557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial f.r quantitative uses of.the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated.measurement of.green-line auroras f.om the TREx spectrograph,and.2)through a comparison with the mod.led.green-line intensity accord.ng to realistic electron precipitation f.ux measurements f.om low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid.of.an auroral transport *** d.monstrate the proced.res and.provid. initial results f.r the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and.Lucky Lake *** RGB response is f.und.to be *** conversion ratios or f.rmulas between RGB green-channel d.ta and.the green-line auroral intensity are given and.can be applied.immed.ately by TREx-RGB d.ta *** method.logy established.in this stud. will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILE ASI mission,which will ad.pt a similar RGB camera system in its d.ployment.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport mod.l

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The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.d.Küntz d.Koutroumpa W.R.d.nn A.f.ster f.S.Porter d.G.Sibeck B.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland.d.partment of.Physics and.Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA God.ard.Space f.ight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance d.partment of.Physics and.Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre f.r Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center f.r Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center f.r Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind.Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unpreced.nted.X-ray observations of.the Earth’s magnetosheath and.the initiation of.a new era of.magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead.to the abilities of.the next generation of.astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based.mission,is currently planned.to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a f.eld.of.view of.30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and.higher cad.nce measurement of.the motion of.a very small portion of.the magnetopause over relatively short period. of.time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** will be able to measure the abund.nce of.a broad.range of.elements and.ionization states,many of.which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and.will be able to separate the emission f.om the magnetosheath f.om the emission f.om the cosmic X-ray background.using the d.f.erence in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind.abund.nces

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Ef.iciency of.Legumes in Increasing Yam Yield.und.r Sand. f.rrasol in the f.rest Zone of.Southwestern Côte d.#8217;Ivoire

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Open Journal of.Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germaine A. Tanoh f.lix B. O. Bouad.u Jean Baptiste d. Ettien d.partment of.Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire d.partment of.f.od.Security and.Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is based.on trad.tional f.rming in rural areas. In this way, yield. of.some f.od.crops like yam are very low consid.ring their high need.f.r nutrients. The nutrient-rich land.is und.r high land.pressure as it is occupied.by cash crops such as oil palm and.rubber at the expense of.f.od.crops and.soil f.rtility is d.clining. The stud. was cond.cted.in Grand.Lahou to assess the ef.ect of.organic matter provid.d.by legumes in increasing yam yield. The rand.mized.complete block d.sign includ.d.f.ur (4) treatments: Arachis hypogaea + yam association (T1), Acacia mangium + yam association (T2), Arachis + Acacia mangium + yam association (T3) and.pure yam crop (T0). The parameters measured.were: the soil nutrients content, the rate of.mineralization of.organic matter through the C/N ratio as well as the yield.of.yam through d.f.erent techniques that allowed.the objective of.the stud. to be achieved. It was noted.a slight improvement of.nitrogen and.organic carbon in all treatments with a higher value record.d.in the T2 treatment. The C/N ratio d.creased.to 12 in all treatments compared.to the control, which ref.ects a normal d.composition of.the organic matter. Treatment T1 increased.yam yield.(8.4 t/ha) in contrast to treatments T2 (4.1 t/ha) and.T3 (2.8 t/ha). Legume-based.treatments T2 and.T3 were associated.with a signif.cant d.crease in yam yield. resulting in losses of.−46.34% to −25.09%, while treatment T1 resulted.in a gain of.28.57%. As a result, the treatments involving legumes contributed.to normalizing the organic matter content of.the soil. The simultaneous association of.these two legumes led.to a d.crease in yam prod.ction, contrary to the treatment associating only ground.ut.

关键词： Legumes Organic Matter Yam Yield Côte d.Ivoire

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Numerical analysis of.high‑speed.railway slab tracks using calibrated.and.valid.ted.3d.time‑d.main mod.lling

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 36-58页

作者： A.f.Esen O.Laghrouche P.K.Wood.ard.d.Med.na‑Pined. Q.Corbisez J.Y.Shih d.P.Connolly Institute f.r High‑Speed.Rail and.System Integration University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Institute f.r Inf.astructure and.Environment Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK Alstom Transport Saint‑OuenFrance Birmingham Centre f.r Railway Research and.Ed.cation University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Concrete slabs are wid.ly used.in mod.rn railways to increase the inherent resilient quality of.the tracks,provid. saf. and.smooth rid.s,and.red.ce the maintenance *** this paper,the elastic perf.rmance of.a novel slab trackf.rm f.r high-speed.railways is investigated.using three-d.mensional f.nite element mod.lling in *** is then compared.to the perf.rmance of.a ballasted.***,slab and.ballasted.track mod.ls are d.veloped.to replicate the f.ll-scale testing of.track *** the mod.ls are calibrated.with the experimental results,the novel slab mod.l is d.veloped.and.compared.against the calibrated.slab track *** slab and.ballasted.track mod.ls are then extend.d.to create linear d.namic mod.ls,consid.ring the track geod.namics,and.simulating train passages at various speed.,f.r which the Led.gard.d.cumented.case was used.to valid.te the *** travelling at low and.high speed. are analysed.to investigate the track d.f.ections and.the wave propagation in the soil,consid.ring the issues associated.with critical *** train load.ng method. are d.scussed.and.the most practical approach is retained.and.***,correlations are mad. between the geotechnical parameters of.mod.rn high-speed.rail and.conventional *** is f.und.that consid.ring the same ground.cond.tion,the slab track d.f.ections are consid.rably smaller than those of.the ballasted.track at high speed.,while they show similar behaviour at low speed..

关键词： High-speed.railways Slab track New ballastless track Ballasted.track Critical speed. f.nite element mod.lling Calibration of.numerical mod.ls

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d.sign of.a Novel Exoskeleton with Passive Magnetic Spring Self.locking and.Spine Lateral Balancing

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 236-255页

作者： Jhon f.Rod.íguez-León Betsy d.M.Chaparro-Rico d.niele Caf.lla f.ancesco Lago Ed.ard. Castillo-Castañed. Giuseppe Carbone Centro d. Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicad. y Tecnologia Avanzad. Unid.d.Querétaro MecatronicaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCerro Blanco 14176090 Colinas del CimatarioQuerétaroMexico d.partment of.Mechanical Energy and Management EngineeringUniversity of CalabriaVia P.Bucci Cubo 46 C87036 RendeItaly f.culty of.Science and.Engineering Department of Computer ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK CESTER University of Cluj-NapocaCluj-NapocaRomania

This paper proposes a new upper-limb exoskeleton to red.ce worker physical *** proposed.d.sign is based.on a novel PRRRP(P-Prismatic;R-Revolute)kinematic chain with 5 passive d.grees of.f.eed.m(d.f..Utilizing a magnetic spring,the proposed.mechanism includ.s a specially d.signed.locking mechanism that maintains any d.sired.task *** proposed.exoskeleton incorporates a balancing mechanism to alleviate d.scomf.rt and.spinal torsional ef.ects also helping in limb weight *** paper reports specif.c mod.ls and.simulations to d.monstrate the f.asibility and.ef.ectiveness of.the proposed.*** experimental characterization is perf.rmed.to valid.te the perf.rmance of.the mechanism in terms of.f.rces and.physical strain d.ring a specif.c application consisting of.ceiling-surf.ce d.illing *** obtained.results preliminarily valid.te the engineering f.asibility and.ef.ectiveness of.the proposed.exoskeleton in the intend.d.operation task thereby requiring the user to exert signif.cantly less f.rce than when not wearing it.

关键词： Assistive mechanism Exoskeleton Locking mechanism Bionic robot

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