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Antibiotic prophylaxis and infectious complications in patients on peritoneal dialysis undergoing lower gastrointestinal endoscopy

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第5期8卷 407-409,I0003页

作者： william t.clarke Venkata R.Satyam David I.Fudman Samantha Zullow Kashika G.Goyal Katerina LByanova Christopher Huang Joseph D.Feuerstein Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Boston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA Present affiliation:Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Present affiliation:Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Section of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

Introduction Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is widely used for the treatment of endstage renal *** treated with PD have similar outcomes to those treated with hemodialysis[1].However,PDrelated infections including peritonitis have been reported at 1.66 episodes per patient per year[2].One possible source of peritonitis is gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopic *** 2005,the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis(ISPD)published guidelines suggesting antibiotics be given to PD patients prior to colonoscopy[3].this suggestion was mostly based on expert opinion and a theoretical concern that patients undergoing colonoscopy are at increased risk for enteric peritonitis from bacterial translocation across the bowel *** there is no direct evidence to support this theory,case reports have suggested a risk of transient bacteremia associated with colonoscopy.

关键词：预防性抗生素消化道内镜检查感染性并发症

Protocol for the development and validation of a clinical measurement tool for fear of disease progression and recurrence in cardiac patients

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Chronic Diseases and translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 195-204页

作者： Sarah t.clarke Michael Le Grande Barbara M.Murphy Robert Hester Alun C.Jackson Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Australian Centre for Heart Health MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre on Behavioral Health University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Introduction: One in two cardiac patients fear having another heart event or their heart condition getting worse. Research in other chronic illnesses demonstrates that screening for fear of progression and recurrence is vital for adequately addressing such concerns in clinical care. the current project aims to develop and validate a measure for fear of progression and recurrence in cardiac ***: the Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale (FCRP) will be developed through a multistep process. An initial item pool will be generated through a review of the literature and existing measures and consultation with and feedback from key informants. the item pool will be tested in a sample of over 250 adults who have ever had an acute coronary event, undergone cardiac surgery, or a chronic cardiac condition. Exploratory factor analysis will be used to identify the underlying factors, and Rasch analysis will be used to reduce the number of items. A short form version of the FCRP will be developed for use as a brief screening tool, informed by clinical relevance and Rasch psychometric ***: While many cardiac patients experience fears related to the progression or recurrence of their illness, there remains the need for a validated tool with which these concerns can be identified and measured. It is expected that the design and validation of the FCRP will aid identification of cardiac patients suffering from clinically significant levels of fear of progression and recurrence and facilitate the design of tailored psychological interventions to target these fears.

关键词： anxiety cardiac anxiety cardiac recovery cardiac rehabilitation depression fear of progression fear of recurrence psychological measurement psychosocial screening

Effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Brandon Le Naomi E.clarke Nicolas Legrand Susana Vaz Nery the Kirby Institute University of New South WalesLevel 6Wallace Wurth BuildingSydneyNSW2052Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(StH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(PC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and trichuris trichiura presents significant *** evidence indicates that community-wide PC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NtD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these *** conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin PC in reducing StH prevalence in endemic *** We searched Pubmed,EMBASE,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin PC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on StH infec-tions,and provided a measure of StH prevalence before and after *** calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each StH using random-effects *** protocol is available on PROSPERO(registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for *** studies delivered ivermectin through *** pooled prevalence reduction of *** following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without *** prevalence reduction of *** was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of *** was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions this study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global StH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against *** and *** on these findings,revising inter-national StH guidelines to include i

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Ivermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration Preventive chemotherapy

Functional lumen imaging probe use in a high-volume practice:Practical and technical implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第7期16卷 396-405页

作者： Yan Jiang Raul Vazquez-Reyes Afrin Kamal thomas Zikos George triadafilopoulos John O clarke Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineRedwoodCA 94063United States

BACKGROUND the functional lumen imaging probe(FLIP)is a Food and Drug Administration approved tool to aid the diagnosis and management of esophageal ***,widespread adoption of FLIP remains limited and its utility in highvolume practices remains *** to analyze large sample data on clinical use of FLIP and provide insight on several technical aspects when performing *** We conducted a retrospective comparative and descriptive analysis of FLIP procedures performed by a single provider at an academic medical *** was a total of 398 FLIP procedures *** medical records were reviewed and data regarding demographics and procedural details were *** tests,including chi-squared,t-test,and multivariable logistic and linear regression,were *** there was an increase in FLIP cases with each successive time period of 13 months(n=68,146,184,respectively)with notable rises specifically for indications of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux *** was a shift toward use of the longer FLIP balloon catheter for diagnostic purposes(overall 70.4%vs 29.6%,Ption with other diagnostics/interventions,such as dilation and wireless pH probe *** were nearly equally performed with anesthesia vs moderate sedation(51.4%anesthesia),with no major *** who had anesthesia were less likely to have recurrent antegrade contractions[odds ratio(OR)=0.4,95%CI:0.3-0.8]and were also more likely to have absent contractility(OR=2.4,95%CI:1.3-CONCLUSION FLIP cases have increased in our practice with expanding indications for its *** limited normative data,providers should be aware of several potential technical issues,including the possible impact of sedation choice when assessing esophageal motility patterns.

关键词： Gastroenterology Endoscopy Functional lumen imaging probe Esophagus Motility

Interpreting uninterpretable predictors:kernel methods,Shtarkov solutions,and random forests

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Statistical theory and Related Fields 2022年第1期6卷 10-28页

作者： t.M.Le Bertrand clarke Department of mathematics scienceand informaticsmercer universityatlantagausa department of statistics university of nebraska-lincolnlincolnneusa

Many of the best predictors for complex problems are typically regarded as hard to interpret *** include kernel methods,Shtarkov solutions,and random *** show that,despite the inability to interpret these three predictors to infinite precision,they can be asymptotically approximated and admit conceptual interpretations in terms of their mathe-matical/statistical *** resulting expressions can be in terms of polynomials,basis elements,or other functions that an analyst may regard as interpretable.

关键词： Bayes boosting kernel methods random forest Shtarkov predictor stacking

Nanofiber–microsphere (nano-micro) matrices for bone regenerative engineering: a convergence approach toward matrix design

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2014年第1期1卷 3-9页

作者： clarke Nelson Yusuf Khan Cato t.Laurencin Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical BiologicalPhysical and Engineering SciencesInstitute for Regenerative EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Bone is an essential organ for health and quality of *** to current shortfalls in therapy for bone tissue engineering,scientists have sought the application of synthetic materials as bone graft *** a composite organic/inorganic material with significant extra cellular matrix(ECM),one way to improve bone graft substitutes may be to engineer a synthetic matrix that is influenced by the physical appearance of natural ECM *** this work,the authors evaluate composite,hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on composite ceramic/polymer microsphere scaffolds with synthetic ECM-mimetic networks in their pore *** thermally induced phase separation,nanoscale fibers were deposited in the pore spaces of structurally sound microsphere-based scaffold with a density proportionate to the initial polymer *** and mechanical testing indicated no significant changes in overall pore characteristics or mechanical integrity as a result of the fiber deposition *** scaffolds displayed adequate mechanical integrity on the scale of human trabecular bone and supported the adhesion and proliferation of cultured mouse calvarial *** from natural cues,these scaffolds may represent a new avenue forward for advanced bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

关键词： nanobiomaterials bioceramics medical device bone

Historical review of the causes of cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第1期7卷 54-86页

作者： clarke Brian Blackadar Department of Food Science Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph

In the early 1900 s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. then in the 1980 s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. there is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human t-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

关键词： Infections Causes Cancer Carcinogens Historical Etiology International agency for research on cancer

the mating system of the true fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and its sister species, Bactrocera neohumeralis

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 478-490页

作者： Wasala M. t. D. Ekanayake Mudalige S. H. Jayasundara thelma Peek Anthony R. clarke Mark K. Schutze School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Bdsbane Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park Queensland Plant Biosecudty Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia

the frugivorous ＂true＂ fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni （Queensland fruit fly）, is presumed to have a nonresourced-based lek mating system. this is largely untested, and contrary data exists to suggest Bactrocera tryoni may have a resource-based mating system focused on fruiting host plants. We tested the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni, and its close sibling Bactrocera neohumeralis, in large field cages using laboratory reared flies. We used observational experiments that allowed us to determine if：（i） mating pairs were aggregated or nonaggregated; （ii） mating system was resource or nonresource based; （iii） flies utilized possible landmarks （tall trees over short） as mate-rendezvous sites; and （iv） males called females from male-dominated leks. We recorded nearly 250 Bactrocera tryoni mating pairs across all experiments, revealing that：（i） mating pairs were aggregated; （ii） mating nearly always occurred in tall trees over short; （iii） mating was nonresource based; and （iv） that males and females arrived at the mate-rendezvous site together with no evidence that males preceded females. Bactrocera neohumeralis copulations were much more infrequent （only 30 mating pairs in total）, but for those pairs there was a similar preference for tall trees and no evidence of a resource-based mating system. Some aspects of Bactrocera tryoni mating behavior align with theoretical expectations of a lekking system, but others do not. Until evidence for unequivocal female choice can be provided （as predicted under a true lek）, the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni is best described as a nonresource based, aggregation system for which we also have evidence that land-marking may be involved.

关键词： aggregation Bactrocera tryoni Dacinae leks nonresourced mating system tephritidae

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应对遗传性代谢病诊断和治疗的新挑战

中华儿科杂志 2005年第2期43卷 81-82页

作者： Joe t.R.clarke 应艳琴罗小平加拿大多伦多大学多伦多儿童医院临床遗传代谢病科

Scriver及其同事编撰的(the Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease) 一书,由于每一版内容的不断增加而成为宏篇巨著,它准确地反映了过去30年来遗传代谢病领域的迅速进展.随着对遗传代谢病认识的深入和筛查、诊断技术的... 详细信息

Scriver及其同事编撰的(the Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease) 一书,由于每一版内容的不断增加而成为宏篇巨著,它准确地反映了过去30年来遗传代谢病领域的迅速进展.随着对遗传代谢病认识的深入和筛查、诊断技术的不断改善,越来越多的疾病可在早期得到诊断,治疗效果也越来越好,新型治疗方法的出现对疾病的预后产生了很大的影响.许多既往在儿童期即夭折的遗传代谢病患者现在已可存活至成年,并可与健康人一样生活[1,2];另方面,遗传性代谢病的诊断和治疗领域正面临新的挑战.

关键词：遗传性代谢病诊断治疗特异性酶受体