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Antibiotic prophylaxis and infectious complications in patients on peritoneal dialysis undergoing lower gastrointestinal endoscopy

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第5期8卷 407-409,I0003页

作者： william t.clarke Venkata R.Satyam David I.Fudman Samantha Zullow Kashika G.Goyal Katerina LByanova Christopher Huang Joseph D.Feuerstein Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Boston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA Present affiliation:Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Present affiliation:Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Section of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

Introduction Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is widely used for the treatment of endstage renal *** treated with PD have similar outcomes to those treated with hemodialysis[1].However,PDrelated infections including peritonitis have been reported at 1.66 episodes per patient per year[2].One possible source of peritonitis is gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopic *** 2005,the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis(ISPD)published guidelines suggesting antibiotics be given to PD patients prior to colonoscopy[3].this suggestion was mostly based on expert opinion and a theoretical concern that patients undergoing colonoscopy are at increased risk for enteric peritonitis from bacterial translocation across the bowel *** there is no direct evidence to support this theory,case reports have suggested a risk of transient bacteremia associated with colonoscopy.

关键词：预防性抗生素消化道内镜检查感染性并发症

Interpreting uninterpretable predictors:kernel methods,Shtarkov solutions,and random forests

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Statistical theory and Related Fields 2022年第1期6卷 10-28页

作者： t.M.Le Bertrand clarke Department of mathematics scienceand informaticsmercer universityatlantagausa department of statistics university of nebraska-lincolnlincolnneusa

Many of the best predictors for complex problems are typically regarded as hard to interpret *** include kernel methods,Shtarkov solutions,and random *** show that,despite the inability to interpret these three predictors to infinite precision,they can be asymptotically approximated and admit conceptual interpretations in terms of their mathe-matical/statistical *** resulting expressions can be in terms of polynomials,basis elements,or other functions that an analyst may regard as interpretable.

关键词： Bayes boosting kernel methods random forest Shtarkov predictor stacking

Nanofiber–microsphere (nano-micro) matrices for bone regenerative engineering: a convergence approach toward matrix design

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2014年第1期1卷 3-9页

作者： clarke Nelson Yusuf Khan Cato t.Laurencin Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical BiologicalPhysical and Engineering SciencesInstitute for Regenerative EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Bone is an essential organ for health and quality of *** to current shortfalls in therapy for bone tissue engineering,scientists have sought the application of synthetic materials as bone graft *** a composite organic/inorganic material with significant extra cellular matrix(ECM),one way to improve bone graft substitutes may be to engineer a synthetic matrix that is influenced by the physical appearance of natural ECM *** this work,the authors evaluate composite,hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on composite ceramic/polymer microsphere scaffolds with synthetic ECM-mimetic networks in their pore *** thermally induced phase separation,nanoscale fibers were deposited in the pore spaces of structurally sound microsphere-based scaffold with a density proportionate to the initial polymer *** and mechanical testing indicated no significant changes in overall pore characteristics or mechanical integrity as a result of the fiber deposition *** scaffolds displayed adequate mechanical integrity on the scale of human trabecular bone and supported the adhesion and proliferation of cultured mouse calvarial *** from natural cues,these scaffolds may represent a new avenue forward for advanced bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

关键词： nanobiomaterials bioceramics medical device bone

Historical review of the causes of cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第1期7卷 54-86页

作者： clarke Brian Blackadar Department of Food Science Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph

In the early 1900 s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. then in the 1980 s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. there is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human t-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

关键词： Infections Causes Cancer Carcinogens Historical Etiology International agency for research on cancer

the mating system of the true fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and its sister species, Bactrocera neohumeralis

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 478-490页

作者： Wasala M. t. D. Ekanayake Mudalige S. H. Jayasundara thelma Peek Anthony R. clarke Mark K. Schutze School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Bdsbane Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park Queensland Plant Biosecudty Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia

the frugivorous ＂true＂ fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni （Queensland fruit fly）, is presumed to have a nonresourced-based lek mating system. this is largely untested, and contrary data exists to suggest Bactrocera tryoni may have a resource-based mating system focused on fruiting host plants. We tested the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni, and its close sibling Bactrocera neohumeralis, in large field cages using laboratory reared flies. We used observational experiments that allowed us to determine if：（i） mating pairs were aggregated or nonaggregated; （ii） mating system was resource or nonresource based; （iii） flies utilized possible landmarks （tall trees over short） as mate-rendezvous sites; and （iv） males called females from male-dominated leks. We recorded nearly 250 Bactrocera tryoni mating pairs across all experiments, revealing that：（i） mating pairs were aggregated; （ii） mating nearly always occurred in tall trees over short; （iii） mating was nonresource based; and （iv） that males and females arrived at the mate-rendezvous site together with no evidence that males preceded females. Bactrocera neohumeralis copulations were much more infrequent （only 30 mating pairs in total）, but for those pairs there was a similar preference for tall trees and no evidence of a resource-based mating system. Some aspects of Bactrocera tryoni mating behavior align with theoretical expectations of a lekking system, but others do not. Until evidence for unequivocal female choice can be provided （as predicted under a true lek）, the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni is best described as a nonresource based, aggregation system for which we also have evidence that land-marking may be involved.

关键词： aggregation Bactrocera tryoni Dacinae leks nonresourced mating system tephritidae

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应对遗传性代谢病诊断和治疗的新挑战

中华儿科杂志 2005年第2期43卷 81-82页

作者： Joe t.R.clarke 应艳琴罗小平加拿大多伦多大学多伦多儿童医院临床遗传代谢病科

Scriver及其同事编撰的(the Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease) 一书,由于每一版内容的不断增加而成为宏篇巨著,它准确地反映了过去30年来遗传代谢病领域的迅速进展.随着对遗传代谢病认识的深入和筛查、诊断技术的... 详细信息

Scriver及其同事编撰的(the Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease) 一书,由于每一版内容的不断增加而成为宏篇巨著,它准确地反映了过去30年来遗传代谢病领域的迅速进展.随着对遗传代谢病认识的深入和筛查、诊断技术的不断改善,越来越多的疾病可在早期得到诊断,治疗效果也越来越好,新型治疗方法的出现对疾病的预后产生了很大的影响.许多既往在儿童期即夭折的遗传代谢病患者现在已可存活至成年,并可与健康人一样生活[1,2];另方面,遗传性代谢病的诊断和治疗领域正面临新的挑战.

关键词：遗传性代谢病诊断治疗特异性酶受体

MRI-Based Patient-Specific Left Ventricular Model to Determine the Effects of trabeculae Carneae on the Diastolic and Systolic Functions

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医用生物力学 2019年第A1期34卷 19-20页

作者： Fatemeh Fatemifar Marc Feldman Geoffrey clarke Ender Finol Haichao Han Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249USA Department of Medicine 3.Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas HealthScience Center at San AntonioTX78229USA

Introduction trabeculae carneae are irregular structures that cover the endocardial surfaces of both ventricles of human heart and account for a significant portion of the ventricular ***,the role of trabeculae carneae in left ventricular(LV)function is not well *** reports suggested that trabeculae help squeeze blood from the apical region during systole[1].Our recent study suggests that trabeculae carneae hypertrophy and fibrosis contribute to increased LV stiffness in patients with diastolic heart failure,and severing free-running trabeculae carneae may improve diastolic compliance of the LV[2].Objective to understand the role of trabeculae carneae in the left ventricular diastolic and systolic functions using anatomically detailed patient-specific finite element models of the human ***(1)Image acquisition An explanted human heart was collected from a 63 year old female donor with a history of stroke and congestive heart failure within 24 hours postmortem from South texas Blood and tissue Center(San Antonio,tX).the heart was de-identified in accordance with Institutional Review Board(IRB)requirements and informed consent for research was obtained from the donor’s ***-dimensional MRI scanning was conducted on a 3t(128 MHz)MRI system(tIM trio,Siemens Medical Solutions),comprised of a superconducting magnet with a 60 cm diameter accessible bore,when the heart was submerged in a saline filled plastic container.(2)Finite element analysis three distinct LV models were derived from the MR *** first model was the intact trabeculated model(tM)which contained all trabeculae carneae and papillary *** high-resolution anatomically detailed 3D model of the LV was segmented from 2D MR images in DICOM format using Mimics(Materialise NV,Leuven,Belgium).the second model was the papillary model(PM),in which the papillary muscles remain intact but most of the trabeculae carneae were excluded in the smoothing *** third

关键词： EF MRI-Based Patient-Specific trabeculae Carneae the Diastolic and Systolic F Model

Mountain Adventure （II）

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考试与评价（英语中考专刊） 2016年第4期 29-30页

作者： Sue clarke

Portal vein ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated,but not contralateral lobes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3816-3826页

作者： Nozomu Sakai Callisia N clarke Rebecca Schuster John Blanchard Amit D tevar Michael J Edwards Alex B Lentsch Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati231 Albert Sabin WayCincinnatiOH 45267-0558United States

AIM: to investigate the mechanisms of liver growth and atrophy after portal vein ligation (PVL) and its effects on tumor growth. MEtHODS: Mice were subjected to PVL, partial hepatectomy, or sham surgery. the morphological alterations, activation of transcription factors, and expression of cytokines and growth factors involved in liver regeneration were evaluated. In a separate set of experiments, murine colorectal carcinoma cells were injected via the portal vein and the effect of each operation on liver tumor growth was studied. RESULtS: Liver regeneration after PVL and partial hepatectomy were very similar. In ligated lobes, various cytokines, transcription factors and regulatory factors were signifi cantly upregulated compared to nonligated lobes after PVL. Atrophy in ligated lobes was a result of early necrosis followed by later apoptosis. tumor growth was signifi cantly accelerated in ligated compared to non-ligated ***: tumor growth was accelerated in ligated liver lobes and appeared to be a result of increased growth factor expression.

关键词： Portal vein ligation tumor growth Growth factor Atrophy Apoptosis