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Environmental drivers and genomic architecture of trait differentiation in fire-adapted Banksia attenuata ecotypes

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第4期61卷 417-432页

作者： Tianhua He Byron B.Lamont Neal J.Enright Haylee m.D'Agui william Stock School of molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Centre for Ecosystem management Edith Cowan University

Trait divergence between populations is considered an adaptive response to different environments,but to what extent this response is accompanied by genetic differentiation is less clear since it may be phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we analyzed phenotypic variation between two Banksia attenuata growth forms, lignotuberous(shrub) and epicormic resprouting(tree), in fire-prone environments to identify the environmental factors that have driven this phenotypic divergence. We linked genotype with phenotype and traced candidate genes using differential gene expression analysis. Fire intervals determined the phenotypic divergence between growth forms in B. attenuata. A genome-wide association study identified 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms, putatively associated with growth form, whereas no growth form-or phenotype-specific genotypes were eidentified. Genomic differentiation between the two growth forms was low(F_(st)=0.024). Differential gene expression analysis identified 37 genes/transcripts that were differentially expressed in the two growth forms. A small heat-shock protein gene, associated with lignotuber presence, was differentially expressed in the two *** conclude that different fire regimes induce phenotypic polymorphism in B. attenuata, whereas phenotypic trait divergence involves the differential expression of a small fraction of genes that interact strongly with the disturbance regime. Thus, phenotypic plasticity among resprouters is the general strategy for surviving varying fire regimes.

关键词： Environmental drivers genomic architecture trait differentiation

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Seed value influences cache pilfering rates by desert rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 75-86页

作者： Stephen B.VANDER WALL Lindsay A.DImITRI william S.LONGLAND Joseph D.m.WHITE Department of Biology and Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoUSA USDA Agricultural Research ServiceRenoNevadaUSA Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownCape TownRepublic of South Africa

Some rodents gather and store *** many seeds they gather and how they treat those seeds is largely determined by seed traits such as mass,nutrient content,hardness of the seed coat,presence of secondary compounds,and germination *** their consumption and dispersal of seeds,rodents act as agents of natural selection on seed traits,and those traits influence how rodents *** seeds that are scatter-hoarded by rodents are pilfered,or stolen,by other rodents,and seed traits also likely influence pilfering rates and seed fates of pilfered *** clarify coevolutionary relationships between rodents and the plants that they disperse,one needs to understand the role of seed traits in rodent foraging *** compared how the seeds of 4 species of plants that are dispersed by scatter-hoarding animals and that differ in value(singleleaf piñon pine,Pinus monophylla;desert peach,Prunus andersonii;antelope bitterbrush,Purshia tridentata;Utah juniper,Juniperus osteosperma)were pilfered and recached by *** hundred artificial caches of the 4 seed species(25 per species)were prepared,and removal by rodents was *** pilfered high-value seeds more rapidly than the other *** peach seeds,which contain toxic secondary compounds,were more frequently *** low value seeds like Utah juniper and antelope bitterbrush were pil-fered more slowly and were sometimes left at cache sites,and seeds of the latter species were transported shorter distances to new cache *** background density of seeds also appeared to influence the relative value of seeds.

关键词： desert rodents food storage granivory pilfering scatter-hoarding seed dispersal seed traits

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Continuous conversion of methanol to higher hydrocarbons at ambient pressure

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第5期19卷 461-462页

作者： william W.Porterfield Gordon m.Zrelak L.Avery moncure matthew D.Huff Hampden-Sydney College Pennsylvania State University University Park UNC-Charlotte

An iodozincate ionic liquid solvent and catalyst is used to convert methanol continuously to a wide variety of hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure.

关键词： methanol conversion zinc iodide hydrocarbon formation

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Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury via sustained growth factor delivery from mineral-coated microparticles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 871-877页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Clayton L.Haldeman Jae-Sung Lee Angela G.Gableman Elena K.Dai Stephen D.Ortmann Jerrod CGotchy Kierra K.miller Adrianna m.Doucas Nicole C.Nowak william L.murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin madison WIUSA

The gold standard for treating peripheral nerve injuries that have large nerve gaps where the nerves cannot be directly sutured back together because it creates tension on the nerve,is to incorporate an autologous nerve ***,even with the incorporation of a nerve graft,generally patients only regain a small portion of function in limbs affected by the ***,there has been some promising results using growth factors to induce more axon growth through the nerve graft,many of these previous therapies are limited in their ability to release growth factors in a sustained manner and tailor them to a desired time *** ideal drug delivery platform would deliver growth factors at therapeutic levels for enough time to grow axons the entire length of the nerve *** hypothesized that mineral coated microparticles(mCms)would bind,stabilize and release biologically active glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)and nerve growth factor(NGF)in a sustained ***,the objective of this study was to test the ability of mCms releasing growth factors at the distal end of a 10 mm sciatic nerve graft,to induce axon growth through the nerve graft and restore hind limb *** sciatic nerve grafting in Lewis rats,the hind limb function was tested weekly by measuring the angle of the ankle at toe lift-off while walking down a *** weeks after grafting,the grafts were harvested and myelinated axons were analyzed proximal to the graft,in the center of the graft,and distal to the *** physiological conditions in vitro,the mCms delivered a burst release of NGF and GDNF for 3 days followed by a sustained release for at least 22 *** vivo,mCms releasing NGF and GDNF at the distal end of sciatic nerve grafts resulted in significantly more myelinated axons extending distal to the graft when compared to rats that received nerve grafts without growth factor *** rats with nerve grafts incorporated with mCms releasing NGF and G

关键词： autografts axon growth drug delivery glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor growth factors mineral coatings nerve grafting nerve growth factor

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Continuous synthesis of iron oxide （Fe3O4） nanoparticles via thermal decomposition

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Particuology 2016年第3期14卷 47-53页

作者： william Glasgow Ben Fellows Bin Qi Taghi Darroudi Christopher Kitchens Longfei Ye Thomas m. Crawford O. Thompson mefford Department of material Science and Engineering Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies Clemson University 91 Technology Drive Anderson SC29625 USA Electron microscopy Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC29625 USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smart State Center for Experimental Nanoscale Physics University of South Carolina 712 Main Street Columbia SC29208 USA

Iron oxide nanoparticles have become of great interest in the medical field for their potential uses in areas such as biomagnetic imaging and hypothermia cancer treatment. Traditionally, particles for these applications are produced through batch-based methodologies. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative continuous flow production method for the synthesis of Fe304 iron oxide nanoparticles. Advantages of continuous flow over the batch method include consistent formation of uniformly spherical particles, thorough mixing of reactants, and capacity for high-volume particle production. In this study, a continu- ous flow reaction mechanism was proposed in which stoichiometric control of reactants had the potential to control final particle size. The project was conducted under the supposition that the iron oleatelligand ratio in the precursor was the greatest size control factor, with a higher ratio resulting in smaller parti- cles. The resulting particles produced by this continuous method were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and magnetometry.

关键词： Continuous flow Iron oxide magnetiteSynthesis

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Analytical and Observational Investigation of Colors Effects on Drag Reduction in Penguins

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 1036-1053页

作者： Grace Tenorio Anna Zagrai william Allen mostafa Hassanalian Department of mechanical Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA Cottonwood Valley Charter School SocorroNM87801USA Depertment of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaSA28PPUK

All 18 extant species of penguin are strongly countershaded,having dark dorsal and light ventral *** this paper,the thermal effects of this body color in penguins are investigated through analytical and observational ***,a thermal analysis that takes into account the environmental characteristics of penguins’habitats,fluxes,and morphology is used to analytically calculate penguin dorsal surface ***,a turbulent analytical solution for a heated boundary layer over a flat plate is applied to show that the dark color on the top of the penguins’bodies is very effective at skin drag *** verify this result,a 2D model penguin is computationally analyzed at different temperatures,confirming in principle underwater skin drag reduction through color-based surface warming with efficiency savings of up to 30%.Finally,to study how color-based increases in body surface temperatures are maintained through foraging dives,thermal cameras are used to measure the surface temperature of captive penguins before and after *** study shows conceptually that dark dorsal coloration in penguins could have a significant influence on in-water drag.

关键词： Animal coloration Drag Energy balance Irradiation Penguin Thermal imaging Skin friction

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The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and mackenzie River Basins,Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： Chris m DEBEER Howard S WHEATER william L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART murray D mACKAY Philip mARSH Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University School of Geography and Earth Sciences Mc Master University Department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing *** paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling *** overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are *** of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is *** future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hydrology atmospheric science ecology modelling Canada

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Analytical strategies for studying stem cell metabolism

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第2期10卷 141-153页

作者： James m. Arnold william T. Choi Arun Sreekumar mirjana maletic-Savatic Department of molecular and Cell Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Program in Developmental Biology and medical Scientist Training Program Baylor College of Medicine Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology and Neuroscience and Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

Owing to their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency, stem cells possess untold potential for revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine through the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Central to developing these strategies is improving our understanding of biological mechanisms responsible for governing stem cell fate and self-renewal. Increasing attention is being given to the significance of metabolism, through the production of energy and generation of small molecules, as a critical regulator of stem cell functioning. Rapid advances in the field of metabolomics now allow for in-depth profiling of stem cells both in vitro and in vivo, providing a systems perspective on key metabolic and molecular pathways which influence stem cell biology. Understanding the analytical platforms and techniques that are currently used to study stem cell metabolomics, as well as how new insights can be derived from this knowledge, will accelerate new research in the field and improve future efforts to expand our understanding of the interplay between metabolism and stem cell biology.

关键词： stem cell metabolism NmR mass spectrometry mRS flux analysis

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Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia:A narrative review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5515-5529页

作者： Rebecca K Grant william m Brindle mhairi C Donnelly Pauline m mcConville Thomas G Stroud Lorenzo Bandieri John N Plevris The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH164SAUnited Kingdom General Adult Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghEH105HFUnited Kingdom

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which can have a devastating impact onan individual’s quality of life. Comorbidities are high amongst patients and lifeexpectancy is approximately 15 years less than the general population. Despite thewell-known increased mortality, little is known about the impact of gastrointestinaland liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to reviewthe literature and to make recommendations regarding future care. Literaturesearches were performed on Pubmed to identify studies related to gastrointestinaland liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liverdisease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particularconcern;antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome were contributing factors. Ratesof acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic useand paracetamol overdose. Coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia;however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be *** is emerging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia andpeptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome;clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophreniapoorly engage with bowel cancer screening programmes, leading to latediagnosis and increased mortality. Clozapine induced constipation is a significantissue for many patients and requires close monitoring. There is a significantburden of gastrointestinal and liver disease amongst patients with *** levels of support from all members of the medical team are essential toensure that appropriate, timely care is provided.

关键词： Schizophrenia Gastrointestinal disease Liver disease mental health

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Hydrolysis of filter-paper cellulose to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases of Coptotermes formosanus

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 245-252页

作者： Dunhua Zhang Alan R. Lax John m. Bland Jiujiang Yu Natalie Fedorova william C. Nierman Formosan Subterranean Termite Research Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Food & Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology The George Washington University School of Medicine Washington DC The J. Craig Venter Institute Rockville MD USA

Genes encoding for glycosyl hydrolases （GH） in multiple families were recovered from an expression sequence tag library of Coptotermesformosanus, a xylophagous lower termite species. Functional analyses of these genes not only shed light on the mechanisms the insect employs to successfully use cellulosic materials as energy sources, which may serve as strategic targets for designing molecular-based bio-pesticides, but also enrich discoveries of new cellulolytic enzymes for conversion ofbiomass into biofuel. Our study demonstrated that cellulose could be converted to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases （endo-β- 1,4 glucanase in GH9 and β-glucosidase in GH1）. While the former cleaved cellulose to cellobiose and cellotriose, the resulting simple cellodextrins were digested to glucose. Both of the Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins showed properties that could be incorporated in a glucose-based ethanol production program.

关键词： biofuel cellulose digestion endo-β-1,4 glucanase,β-glucosidase termite

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