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Mechanism-driven strategies for prevention of rheumatoid arthritis

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2022年第3期2卷 109-119页

作者： V.Michael holers Kristine A.Kuhn M.Kristen Demoruelle Jill M.Norris Gary S.Firestein Eddie A.James william h.robinson Jane h.Buckner Kevin D.Deane Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA Division of Rheumatology Allergy and ImmunologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Benaroya Research Institute SeattleWashingtonUSA Division of Immunology and Rheumatology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Medicine Division of RheumatologyVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA

In seropositive rheumatoid arthritis(RA),the onset of clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis(IA)is typically preceded by a prolonged period of autoimmunity manifest by the presence of circulating autoantibodies that can include antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens(ACPA)and rheumatoid factor.This period before clinical IA can be designated preclinical RA in those individuals who have progressed to a clinical diagnosis of RA,and an“at‐risk”status in those who have not developed IA but exhibit predictive biomarkers of future clinical RA.With the goal of developing RA prevention strategies,studies have characterized immune phenotypes of preclinical RA/at-risk states.From these studies,a model has emerged wherein mucosal inflammation and dysbiosis may lead first to local autoantibody production,which should normally be transient,but instead is followed by a systemic spread of the autoimmunity as manifested by serum autoantibody elevations,ultimately driving the development of clinically identified joint inflammation.This model can be envisioned as the progression of disease development through serial“checkpoints”that in principle should constrain or resolve autoimmunity;however,instead,the checkpoints“fail”and clinical RA develops.herein we review the immune processes that are likely to be present at each step and the potential therapeutic strategies that could be envisioned to delay,diminish,halt,or even reverse the progression to clinical RA.Notably,these prevention strategies could utilize existing therapies approved for clinical RA,therapies approved for other diseases that target relevant pathways in the preclinical/at-risk state,or approaches that target novel pathways.

关键词： autoimmune disease inflammation mucosa prevention rheumatoid arthritis

Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： william J.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GhG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide attention.Regenerative agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GhG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. however, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty vs high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis:A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 444-456页

作者： Frederick william Wyatt Oday Al-Dadah Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery South Tyneside District HospitalSouth Shields NE340PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)and high tibial osteotomy(hTO)are well-established operative interventions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.however,which intervention is more beneficial to patients with knee osteoarthritis remains unknown and a topic of much debate.Simultaneously,there is a paucity of research assessing the relationship between radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment and patient-reported clinical outcomes,preoperatively and following hTO or UKA.AIM To compare UKAs and hTOs as interventions for medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis:Examining differences in clinical outcome and investigating the relationship of joint alignment with respect to this.METhODS This longitudinal observational study assessed a total of 42 patients that had undergone UKA(n=23)and hTO(n=19)to treat medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.Patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)were collected to evaluate clinical outcome.These included two disease-specific(Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,Oxford Knee Score)and two generic(EQ-5D-5L,Short Form-12)PROMs.The radiographic parameters of knee alignment assessed were the:hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation and angle of Mikulicz line.RESULTS Statistical analyses demonstrated significant(Phe PROM scores of both groups.There were,however,no significant inter-group differences in the postoperative PROM scores of the UKA and hTO group.Several significant correlations associated a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line with worse knee function and overall health preoperatively(Phe disease-specific PROM scores and knee joint alignment parameters(hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation)within the hTO group;yet no such associations were observed within the UKA group.CONCLUSION UKAs and hTOs are both efficacious operations that provide a comparable degree of clinical benefit to patients wi

关键词： Arthroplasty Osteotomy Medial compartment Osteoarthritis Knee alignment Patient reported outcome measures

Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/SiC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–GA Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 938-952页

作者： Yesudhasan Thooyavan Lakshmi Annamali Kumaraswamidhas robinson Dhas Edwin Raj Joseph Selvi Binoj Bright Brailson Mansingh Antony Sagai Francis Britto Alamry Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad(ISM)DhanbadJharkhand826004India Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya(GSV-A Central University Funded By GoI in the Ministry of Railways) LalbaugVadodaraGujarat390004India Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamilnadu602105India Metal Joining Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringSri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641022India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamTamil Nadu629401India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11942Al-KharjSaudi Arabia

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic fibers.Basalt fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(SiC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear properties.The application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of composites.The stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and Genetic Algorithm(GA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant properties.The predicted and tested ANN–GA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 J/s,43 hV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and reinforcement.It can be noted that the nano-sized SiC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its applications.The predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–GA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

关键词： hybrid polymer composite Prediction Process modelling Artificial neural networks Genetic algorithm

hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil J william Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip h.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).however,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(ThMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the subsurface.In this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(hM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing system.The testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty quantification.Using porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress conditions.The Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosityhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous tuff.Our experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be stronger in tight granite than in porous tuff.

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

Anatomic location of the first dorsal extensor compartment for surgical De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis release:A cadaveric study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第4期15卷 379-385页

作者： Aditya Thandoni william Nicholas Yetter Steven Michael Regal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Allegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15212United States

BACKGROUND De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a disorder arising from the compression and irritation of the first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist.Patients who fail conservative treatment modalities are candidates for surgical release.however,risks with surgery include damage to the superficial radial nerve and an incomplete release due to inadequate dissection.Currently,there is a paucity of literature demonstrating the exact anatomic location of the first dorsal extensor compartment in reference to surface anatomy.Thus,this cadaveric study was performed to determine the exact location of the first extensor compartment and to devise a reliable surgical incision to prevent complications.AIM To describe the location of the first dorsal compartment in relation to bony surface landmarks to create replicable surgical incisions.METhODS Six cadaveric forearms,including four left and two right forearm specimens were dissected.Dissections were performed by a single fellowship trained upper extremity orthopaedic surgeon.Distance of the first dorsal compartment from landmarks such as Lister’s tubercle,the wrist crease,and the radial styloid were calculated.Other variables studied included the presence of the superficial radial nerve overlying the first dorsal compartment,additional compartment subsheaths,number of abductor pollicis longus(APL)tendon slips,and the presence of a pseudo-retinaculum.RESULTS Distance from the radial most aspect of the wrist crease to the extensor retinaculum was 5.14 mm±0.80 mm.The distance from Lister’s tubercle to the distal aspect of the extensor retinaculum was 13.37 mm±2.94 mm.Lister’s tubercle to the start of the first dorsal compartment was 18.43 mm±2.01 mm.The radial styloid to the initial aspect of the extensor retinaculum measured 2.98 mm±0.99 mm.The retinaculum length longitudinally on average was 26.82 mm±3.34 mm.Four cadaveric forearms had separate extensor pollicis brevis compartments.The average number of APL tendon slips was three.A pseudo-retinaculum was present in four cad

关键词： De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis First extensor compartment Cadaveric study Superficial radial nerve Radial styloid Lister’s tubercle

Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： Johan Gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders hagnestål Sagar M.Patel Oseeyi I.Daudu Donald F.Becker Jonathan L.robinson Jens Nielsen Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in vivo.Genome-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell types.here,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion model.In addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human cells.The combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid cycle.Furthermore,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer cells.We identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was observed.Our work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

high association strengths are linked to phenotypic similarity,including plumage color and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird flocks of southwestern China

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： Liping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward L.Braun Rebecca T.Kimball Yang Liu Scott K.robinson Eben Goodale Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming Natural history Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Florida Museum of Natural history University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of health and Environmental Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird flocks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are similar in body size,diet,and evolutionary history,suggesting that facilitation structures these assemblages.In addition,several studies have suggested that species in MsFs resemble each other in their plumage,but this question has not been systematically investigated for any MsF system.During the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampled 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,China.We performed social network analysis and the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to evaluate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overall plumage color,distinctive plumage patterns,and diet)and evolutionary history on species association strength at the whole-MSF and within-MSF levels.All 41 significant relationships showed that species with stronger associations were more similar in their various traits.Body size had the strongest effect on association strength,followed by phylogeny,plumage patterns,and plumage color;diet had the weakest effect.Our results are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypically similar species outweigh the potential costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in plumage characteristics,albeit more weakly than in other traits.Several explanations exist as to why similarities in plumage may occur in MSFs,including that they could reduce predators'ability to target phenotypically"odd"individuals.Whether trait matching in plumage occurs through assortative processes in ecological time or is influenced by co-evolution requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evolution interaction networks mixed-species animal groups phenotypic similarity trait convergence

Detection of onset of agglomeration in a bubbling fluidized bed biomass combustor using reactive Eulerian computational fluid dynamics

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 504-515页

作者： Abdullah Tasleem Atta Ullah Fei Li Qun Yi william Nimmo Syed Sheraz Daood Department of Chemical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)Lehtrar RoadP.O.Nilore45650IslamabadPakistan Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China Energy Engineering Group Energy 2050Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS37RDUnited Kingdom Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Energy Engineering Research and Development Centre Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan

The choice of a type of combustion technology to be used for heat or power generation depends on economic,technical,operational and fuel availability constraints.The benefits associated with the evolving market driven by the fluidised bed combustion(FBC)technology cannot be overlooked especially when gauged at 65 GWth of worldwide installed capacity alongside added benefits of handling fuel variation,low pollutant emissions and high combustion efficiency.Biomass or biomass waste will continue to have a vital role to play in the future FBC technology-based power generation.Biomass often contains high levels of inorganic species that can form sticky agglomerates posing a significant risk to boiler operation resulting in unscheduled outages.This added complexity of the behaviour of the fuel and bed material mix highlights the requirement for simulation models to identify agglomeration to help improve the overall performance and reliability of FBC technology.To resolve this problem,this research devised a simulation strategy for the detection of agglomeration using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach.The developed modelling strategy is validated with the experimental data available in literature for two-dimensional simplified geometry of a pilot-scale fluidised bed combustor.The model results were found promising and robust to predict bed defluidisation times and other parameters consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： Fluidized bed combustion Eulerian Models Biomass Agglomeration Defluidisation