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Mapping global impervious surface area and green space within urban environments

Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1591-1606页

作者： wenhui kuang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The mapping of impervious surface area(ISA) and urban green space(UGS) is essential for improving the urban environmental quality toward ecological, livable, and sustainable goals. Currently, accurate ISA and UGS products are lacking in urban areas at the global scale. This study established regression models that estimated the fraction of ISA/UGS in global 30 cities for validation using MODIS NDVI and DMSP/OLS nighttime light imageries. A global dataset of ISA and UGS fraction with a spatial resolution of 250 m×250 m was developed using the regression model, with a mean relative error of 0.19 for its ISA. The results showed the global urban area of 76.29×10~4 km^2, which was primarily distributed in central Europe, eastern Asia,and central and eastern North America. The urban land area in North America, Europe, and Asia was 66.3×10~4 km^2, accounting for 86.91% of the world’s urban area;the urban land area of the top 50 countries accounted for 59.32% of the total urban land area in the world. The global ISA of 45.26×10~4 km^2 was mainly distributed in central and southern North America, eastern Asia, and Europe, as well as coastal regions around the world. The proportion of ISA situated in built-up areas on the continental scale followed the order of Africa(>70%)>South America>Oceania>Asia(>60%)>North America>Europe(>50%), and these areas were mostly in southeastern North America, southwestern Europe, and eastern and western Asia. North America, Europe, and Asia accounted for 89.44% of the world’s total UGS. The cities of developed countries in Europe and North America exposed a dramatic mosaic of ISA and UGS composites in urban construction. Therefore, the proportion of UGS is relatively high in those cities. However, in developing and underdeveloped countries, the proportion of UGS in built-up areas is relatively low, and urban environments need to be improved for livability.

关键词： Impervious surface area Green space Habitat environment Remote sensing classification Global scale

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Simulating dynamic urban expansion at regional scale in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第2期21卷 317-330页

作者： kuang wenhui Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Dynamic urban expansion simulation at regional scale is one of the important research methodologies in Land Use/Cover Change （LUCC） and global environmental change influenced by urbanization. However, previous studies indicate that the single urban expansion simulation for future scenarios at local scale cannot meet the requirements for characterizing and interpreting the interactive mechanisms of regional urbanization and global environmental change. This study constructed a regional Dynamic Urban Expansion Model （Reg-DUEM） suitable for different scenarios by integrating the Artificial Neural Network （ANN） and Cellular Automaton （CA） model. Firstly we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of urban expansion and acquired a prior knowledge rules using land use/cover change datasets of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan area. The future urban expansion under different scenarios is then simulated based on a baseline model, economic models, policy models and the structural adjustment model. The results indicate that Reg-DUEM has good reliability for a non-linear expansion simulation at regional scale influenced by macro-policies. The simulating results show that future urban expansion patterns from different scenarios of the metropolitan area have the tremendous spatio-temporal differences. Future urban expansion will shift quickly from Beijing metropolis to the periphery of Tianjin and Tangshan city along coastal belt.

关键词： Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area urban expansion simulation GIS remote sensing

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Seasonal Variation in Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Building Areas and in Green Spaces in Beijing, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第1期30卷 75-88页

作者： kuang wenhui Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cooling and humidifying effects of urban parks are an essential component of city ecosystems in terms of regulating microclimates or mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs).Air temperature and relative humidity are two main factors of thermal environmental comfort and have a critical impact on the urban environmental quality of human *** measured the 2-m height air temperature and relative humidity at the Beijing Olympic Park and a nearby building roof for more than 1 year to elucidate seasonal variations in air temperature and relative humidity,as well as to investigate the outdoor thermal *** results showed that the lawn of the park could,on average,reduce the air temperature by(0.80±0.19)℃,and increase the relative humidity by(5.24±2.91)% relative to the values measured at the building roof during *** the nighttime,the lawn of the park reduced the air temperature by(2.64±0.64)℃ and increased the relative humidity by(10.77±5.20)%.The park was cooler and more humid than surrounding building area,especially in night period(more pronounced cooling with 1.84℃).Additionally,the lawn of the park could improve outdoor thermal comfort through its cooling and humidifying *** level of thermal comfort in the park was higher than that around the building roof for a total of 11 days annually in which it was above one or more thermal comfort levels(average reduced human comfort index of 0.92)except during the winter.

关键词： air temperature relative humidity outdoor thermal comfort urban park planning

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Spatio-temporal Patterns of Intra-urban Land Use Change in Beijing,China Between 1984 and 2008

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第2期22卷 210-220页

作者： kuang wenhui Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Urban internal structure is essential information for urban geography researchers and urban planners or managers. This research aims to examine the spatial structure changes of internal urban land use based on the interpreted datasets of 1984 and 2008. Spatio-temporal patterns of internal land use conversion and urban expansion are analyzed, and then dominant driving factors (e.g., social economy, population growth and urban planning) were identified. The results indicate that Beijing′s intra-urban layout has experienced tremendous adjustment from compact to disperse configure, otherwise its function objects have shifted from the major economic and industrial development before the 1990s to the combination with cultural, high-technological and inhabitable city at present. The dominant urban land use transformations include the relocation of industrial lands from core districts to suburban or other provinces, and the accelerating expansion of residential areas and green spaces for supplying the demand of housing and ecological protection. Although Beijing′s urban planning has experienced three major adjustments and improvement since the 1980s, its optimization of urban internal patterns still remains a challenge.

关键词： intra-urban land use urban planning Geographic Information System (GIS) Beijing

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Evaluating impervious surface growth and its impacts on water environment in Beijing- Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第3期22卷 535-547页

作者： wenhui kuang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The impervious surface area （ISA） at the regional scale is one of the important environmental factors for examining the interaction and mechanism of Land Use/Cover Change （LUCC）-ecosystem processes-climate change under the interactions of urbanization and global environmental change. Timely and accurate extraction of ISA from remotely sensed data at the regional scale is challenging. This study explored the ISA extraction based on MODIS and DMSP-OLS data and the incorporation of China＇s land use/cover data. ISA datasets in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area （BTTMA） in 2000 and 2008 at a spatial resolution of 250 m were developed, their spatiotemporal changes were analyzed, and their impacts on water quality were then evaluated. The results indicated that ISA in BTTMA increased rapidly along urban fringe, transportation corridors and coastal belt both in intensity and extents from 2000 to 2008. Three cities （Tangshan, Langfang and Qinhuangdao） in Hebei Province had higher ISA growth rates than Beijing due to the pressure of population-resour- ces-environments in the city resulting in increasingly transferring industries to the nearby areas. The dense ISA distribution in BTTMA has serious impacts on water quality in the Haihe River watershed. Meanwhile, the proportion of ISA in sub-watersheds has significantly linear relationships with the densities of river COD and NH3-N.

关键词： Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area impervious surface water environment urban areas remote sensing

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The influence of urban three-dimensional structure and building greenhouse effect on local radiation flux

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第11期64卷 1934-1948页

作者： Renhua ZHANG wenhui kuang Shiqi YANG Zhaoliang LI Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Accurate measurements of the three-dimensional structure characteristics of urban buildings and their greenhouse effect are important for evaluating the impact of urbanization on the radiation energy budget and research on the urban heat island(UHI)*** decrease in evapotranspiration or the increase in sensible heat caused by urbanization is considered to be the main cause of the UHI effect,but little is known about the influence of the main factor“net radiant flux”of the urban surface heat *** this study,experimental observation and quantitative model simulation were used to find that with the increase of building surface area after urbanization,the direct solar radiation flux and net radiation flux on building surface areas changed *** order to accurately quantify the relationship between the positive and negative effects,this study puts forward the equivalent calculation principle of“aggregation element”,which is composed of a building’s sunny face and its shadow face,and the algorithm of the contribution of the area to thermal *** research clarifies the greenhouse effect of a building with walls of glass *** shows that when the difference between absorption rates of a concrete wall and grass is−0.21,the cooling effect is *** the case of concrete walls with glass windows,the difference between absorption rates of a building wall and grass is−0.11,which is also a cooling *** greenhouse effect value of a building with glass windows reduces the cooling effect value to 56%of the effect of a building with concrete *** simulation of changes in net radiant flux and flux density shows that the greenhouse effect of a 5-story building with windows yields 15.5%less cooling effect than one with concrete walls,and a 30-story building with windows reduces the cooling effect by 23.0%.The simulation results confirmed that the difference in the equivalent absorption rate of the aggregation element is the“director”of

关键词： Aggregation element algorithm Greenhouse effect of buildings with windows Net radiation flux Direct solar radiation flux Architectural shadow

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Spatio-temporal characteristics of intra-urban land cover in the cities of China and USA from 1978 to 2010

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第1期25卷 3-18页

作者： CHI Wenfeng SHI Wenjiao kuang wenhui Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Urban land cover has major impacts on a city＇s ecosystem services and the inherent quality of its urban residential environment. The spatio-temporal distribution of impervious surface area and green areas in Chinese cities has exhibited a significantly marked difference in comparison with USA cities. This study focused on monitoring and comparing the spatio-temporal dynamics, land cover patterns and characteristics of functional regions in six Chinese （n=3） and USA （n=3） cities. The study data were collated from Landsat TM/MSS imagery during the period 1978-2010. Results indicate that Chinese cities have developed compactly over the past three decades, while development has been notably dispersed among USA cities. Mean vegetation coverage in USA cities is approximately 2.2 times that found amongst Chinese urban agglomerations. Land use types within Chinese cities are significantly more complex, with a higher density of impervious surface area. Conversely, the central business district （CBD） and residential areas within USA cities were compdsed of a lower proportion of impervious surface area and a higher proportion of green land. Results may be used to contribute to future urban planning and administration efforts in both China and the USA.

关键词： urban structure impervious surface area vegetation China USA remote sensing

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Continuous land cover change monitoring in the remote sensing big data era

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2223-2224页

作者： DONG JinWei kuang wenhui LIU JiYuan Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Since the late 20th century,global change issues have attracted lots of *** a key component of global changes,land cover and land use information has been increasingly important for improved understanding of global en... 详细信息

关键词： Continuous lan the remote sensing big data era

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Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 127-139页

作者： Chi Zhang wenhui kuang Jianguo Wu Jiyuan Liu Hanqin Tian Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi UniversityLinyi 276000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences&School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA International Center for Climate and Global Change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

China’s rural industrialization has been a major driver for its rapid economic growth during the recent decades,but its myriad environmental risks are yet to be fully *** on a comprehensive national land-use data set,our study shows that the area of China’s rural industrial land(RIL)quadrupled during 1990–2015,reaching 39338 km2 in 2015,comparable to urbanization in magnitude but with a much greater degree of landscape fragmentation which implies stronger ecological and environmental *** 91%of the protected areas in the central China were within 50 km from rural industrial land,thus exposed to industrial *** rural industrial land expansion,particularly in regions under high geo-hazard risks,led to dramatically increased environmental risks,threatening the safety and health of both rural industrial workers and ***,negative effects from rural industrial land expansion could partially offset the crop production growth in recent *** underprivileged rural population in the west bears a disproportionally large share of the increased environmental *** urgently needs to design and implement sustainable policies to restrict and reshape its rural *** study aims to inspire policy makers and researchers to rethink the current model of industrial expansion and improve rural industrial land planning,which is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of China.

关键词： Industrialization Land-use change Environment risks Environmental security Urbanization China

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Examining the influence of the implementation of Major Function-oriented Zones on built-up area expansion in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第6期27卷 643-660页

作者： LIU Wenchao LIU Jiyuan kuang wenhui NING Jia Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natura Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Urban and Environment Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

China had implemented the national strategies for Major Function-oriented Zones （MFOZs） to realize the goal of national sustainable development since 2010. This study analyzed and compared spatio-temporal characteristics and differences in built-up area for China＇s MFOZs using a China＇ s Land Use Database （CLUD） derived from high-resolution remotely sensed images in the periods of 2000-2010 and 2010-2013. To sum up：（1） The percentage of built-up area in each of the MFOZs was significantly different, revealing the gradient feature of national land development based on the distribution of the main functions. （2） Annual growth in built-up area in optimal development zones （ODZs） decreased signifi- cantly during 2010-2013 compared with the period 2000-2010, while annual growth in built-up area in key development zones （KDZs）, agricultural production zones （APZs） and key ecological function zones （KEFZs） increased significantly. （3） In ODZs, the average annual increase in built-up area in the Yangtze River Delta region was significantly higher than in other regions; the average area increase and rate of increase of built-up area in KDZs was faster in the western region than in other regions; average annual area growth of built-up area in APZs in the northeast, central and western regions was twice as high as the previous decade on average; the annual rate of change and increase in the dynamic degree of built-up area were most notable in KEFZs in the central region. （4） The spatial pattern and charac- teristics of built-up area expansions in the period 2010-2013 reflected the gradient feature of the plan for MFOZs. But the rate of increase locally in built-up area in ODZs, APZs and KEFZs is fast, so the effective measures must be adopted in the implementation of national and regional policies. The conclusions indicated these methods and results were meaningful for future regulation strategies in optimizing national land development in China.

关键词： Major Function-oriented Zones satellite remote sensing land use change development of urban andtown built-up area China

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