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Experimental investigation of the effect of flow turbulence and sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 696-703页

作者： HUANG Sui-liang NG chiu-on GUO Qi-zhong Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Deptartment of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rutgers State University of New Jersey 623 Bowser Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final （equilibrium） concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F （F is the harmonic vibration frequency） and is comparable to natural surface water conditions. When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment. A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sedimen

关键词： water flow sediment transport pollutant interactions turbulence, adsorption

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ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION OF DEFORMABLE AEROSOLS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD AND CHEMICAL REACTION USING TAYLOR DISPERSION MODEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第2期23卷 247-257页

作者： RUDRAIAH N. DEVARAJU N. NG chiu-On UGC-CAS in Fluid Mechanics Department of Mathematics Bangalore University Bangalore-560 001 India National Research Institute for Applied Mathematics (NRIAM) Bangalore-560 070 India Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong

Under the effects of electric field and chemical reaction, the problem of dispersion of aerosols in a poorly conducting fluid in a channel is solved analytically using the mixture theory together with a regular perturbation technique. It is shown that the aerosols are dispersed relative to a plane moving with the mean speed of atmospheric fluid as well as the mean speed of agglomeration of aerosol with a relative diffusion coefficient, called the Taylor dispersion coefficient. This coefficient is numerically computed and the results reveal that it increases with an increase in the electric number, but decreases with increasing porous parameter. The physical explanations for the phenomena are given in this article.

关键词： dispersion aerosols electrohydrodynamics mixture theory

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Differential subcellular distribution renders HAI-2 a less effective protease inhibitor than HAI-1 in the control of extracellular matriptase proteolytic activity

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1049-1061页

作者： Yi-Lin chiu Yi-Ying Wu Robert B.Barndt Yu-wen Lin Hou-Ping Sytwo Amy cheng Kacy Yang Khee-Siang Chan Jehng-Kang Wang Michael D.Johnson chen-Yong Lin Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Oncology Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20057USA Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical CenterTapei 114Chinese Taipei Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTapei 114Chinese Taipei School of Medicine National Defense Medical CenterTapei 114Chinese Taipei Department of Intensive Care Medicine Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 710Chinese Taipei

The integral membrane,Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2,can suppress the proteolytic activity of the type 2 transmembrane serine protease matriptase with high specificity and *** levels of extracellular matriptase proteolytic activity have,however,been observed in some neoplastic B-cells with high levels of endogenous HAI-2,indicating that HAI-2 may be an ineffective matriptase inhibitor at the cellular *** different effectiveness of the HAIs in the control of extracellular matriptase proteolytic activity is examined *** inducing matriptase zymogen activation in the HAI Teton Daudi Burkitt lymphoma cells,which naturally express matriptase with very low levels of HAI-2 and no HAI-1,nascent active matriptase was rapidly inhibited or shed as an enzymatically active *** increasing HAI-1 expression,cellular matriptase-HAI-1 complex increased,and extracellular active matriptase decreased *** HAI-2 expression,however,resulted in cellular matriptase-HAI-2 complex levels reaching a plateau,while extracellular active matriptase remained *** contrast to this differential effect,both HAI-1 and HAI-2,even at very low levels,were shown to promote the expression and cell-surface translocation of endogenous *** difference in the suppression of extracellular active matriptase by the two closely related serine protease inhibitors could result from the primarily cell surface expression of HAI-1 compared to the mainly intracellular localization of *** HAIs,therefore,resemble one another with respect to promoting matriptase expression and surface translocation but differ in their effectiveness in the control of extracellular matriptase enzymatic activity.

关键词： HAI-1 HAI-2 Matriptase Neoplastic B-cells Proteolytic activity

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Ebola virus VP35 perturbs type I interferon signaling to facilitate viral replication

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第6期38卷 922-930页

作者： Zengguo Cao chenchen Liu cheng Peng Yong Ran Yulin Yao Gengfu Xiao Entao Li Zixi chen Xia Chuai Sandra chiu Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190China National Biosafety Laboratory Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430020China Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of Chin1Hefei230026China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal BiotechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

As one of the deadliest viruses,Ebola virus(EBOV)causes lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman *** suppression of innate immunity leads to robust systemic virus replication of EBOV,leading to enhanced ***,the mechanism of EBOV-host interaction is not fully ***,we identified multiple dysregulated genes in early stage of EBOV infection through transcriptomic analysis,which are highly clustered to Jak-STAT *** VP35 and VP30 were found to inhibit type I interferon(IFN)***,exogenous expression of VP35 blocks the phosphorylation of endogenous STAT1,and suppresses nuclear translocation of *** serial truncated mutations of VP35,N-terminal 1–220amino acid residues of VP35 were identified to be essential for blocking on type I IFN ***,VP35 of EBOV suppresses type I IFN signaling more efficiently than those of Bundibugyo virus(BDBV)and Marburg virus(MARV),resulting in stable replication to facilitate the ***,this study enriches understanding on EBOV evasion of innate immune response,and provides insights into the interplay between filoviruses and host.

关键词： Ebola virus(EBOV) Type I interferon(IFN)signaling Viral replication

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The compounds fromDerris laxiflora Benth suppresses lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory response in murine Raw264.7 cells

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2015年第S1期29卷 64-65页

作者： Ai-jen YANG Hsi-lin chiu Ming-yu CHAO Jui-ching chen Department of Biotanicals Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center

OBJECTIVE The emerging role of chronic inflammation is the major degenerative diseases of modern society such as periodontitis,atherosclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis,Parkinson′s disease and even *** components were isolated from Derris laxiflora Benth.,In this study,we found these compounds from Derris laxiflora Benth suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophage(RAW 264.7)*** RAW 264.7cells were cultured in DMEM media supplemented with 10%(V/V)heated-inactivated FBS,penicillin 100U·mL-1 and streptomycin 100μg·*** cells were incubated at 37℃in a humidified atmosphere of 5%CO2in ***264.7cells were seeded in a 24-well plate at a density of 2×105 mL-1 and then incubated with or without LPS(100ng·mL-1)in the absence or presence of compounds for 24 *** of these isolates on NO production were measured indirectly by analysis of nitrite levels using the Griess *** was used as a positive *** ight components were isolated from Derris laxiflora Benth.,including three new pterocarpans 7,6′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxypterocarpan(1),derrispisatin(2),derriscoumaronochromone(3)and three new flavonoids cis-3,4′-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavan(4),derriflavanone B(5),iso-lupinenol(6)as well as two known ones,lonchocarpol A(7)and lonchocarpol D(8).The structures of these new compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic ***264.7 cells were treated with the compounds from Derris laxiflora Benth for 24 *** them,compounds 5,7 and 8 significantly suppressed the NO production in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values<10μg·*** In this study,we found that compounds from Derris laxiflora Benth suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in murine Raw264.7 cells.

关键词： lipopolysaccharide RAW264.7cells Derris laxiflora

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Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma-Update

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第3期3卷 115-119页

作者： Victor C.Lin Chung-hsien chen Allen W.chiu Department of Urology E-Da HospitalKaohsiung School of Medicine for International Students I-Shou UniversityKaohsiung Department of Urology School of MedicineNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas(UTUCs)are uncommon and account for only 5%e10%of urothelial *** tumors are about twice as common as ureteral *** percent of UTUCs are invasive at *** nephroureterectomy,including the excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff is standard of care for treatment of localized UTUCs,because of the high potential for recurrence,multifocality,and *** first laparoscopic nephroureterectomy(LNU)was introduced by Clayman et *** 1991 and improvement of laparoscopic technique and equipment,LNU has been reported to be equivalent to conventional open *** reviewed the current literature of patients with UTUCs treated by LNU focusing on technical aspects,peri-operative and oncological *** radical nephroureterectomy offers the advantages of minimally invasive surgery without deteriorating the oncological outcome for treatment of *** tend to increase as operator skills *** for laparoscopic or open nephroureterectomy are in principle the *** basic requirement for laparoscopic surgery in UTUCs is to achieve benefits of minimal invasive surgery and maintain oncologic principles.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Upper urinary tract Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy

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Development of a nano-immunomodulator encapsulating R837 and caffeine for combined radio-/immunotherapy against orthotopic breast cancer

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第5期30卷 697-706页

作者： Te-I Liu Yuan-Chung Tsai Te-Ming Wang Siou-Han Chang Ying-Chieh Yang Hsin-Hung chen Hsin-cheng chiu Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Department of Radiology National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch

Immunotherapy is an ascendant approach in cancer treatment. It shows more pronounced effects on killing cancer cells in a specific manner in particular against metastasis more than traditional techniques, such as chemotherapy or surgery. However, tumor immunosuppression limits the response of the immune system to cancer development. In this study, we developed a lipid-based nanocarrier doubly loaded with imiquimod(R837), a toll-like receptor 7 agonist, and caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist. This R837/caffeine loaded nanocarrier served as a nano-immunomodulator(RC-n IM) for combination treatment with radiotherapy(RT)against orthotopic breast cancer. RT-induced immunogenic cell death facilitated the production of tumor antigen and elicited the immune response in corporation with R837-medaited activation of antigen-presenting cells(APCs) while RC-n IMs being adopted. Additionally, caffeine, an adenosine analog, can successfully compete with adenosine in the tumor. The tumor-bearing mice that received RT together with RC-n IMs experienced the best antitumor effects and exhibited higher levels of T cells and APCs within the tumor; the growth of secondary tumors was also limited. This work serves as a proof-of-concept study for the development of a new immunotherapy strategy against cancer.

关键词： Radiotherapy Drug delivery Immunomodulation Combination therapy Breast cancer

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Performance of LiDAR-SLAM-based PNT with initial poses based on NDT scan matching algorithm

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Satellite Navigation 2023年第1期4卷 113-127,I0004页

作者： Kaiwei Chiang Yuting chiu Surachet Srinara Menglun Tsai Department of Geomatics Taiwan Cheng Kung UniversityNo.1Daxue Rd.East Dist.Tainan City 701TaiwanChina High Defnition Map Research Center Department of GeomaticsTaiwan Cheng Kung UniversityNo.1DaxueRd.East Dist.Tainan City 701TaiwanChina

To achieve higher automation level of vehicles defned by the Society of Automotive Engineers,safety is a key requirement afecting navigation *** apply Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)as a main auxiliary sensor and propose LiDAR-based Simultaneously Localization and Mapping(SLAM)approach for Positioning,Navigation,and ***,point cloud registration is handled with 3D Normal Distribution Transform(NDT)*** initial guess of the LiDAR pose for LiDAR-based SLAM comes from two sources:one is the diferential Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)solution;the other is Inertial Navigation System(INS)and GNSS integrated solution,generated with Extended Kalman Filter and motion constraints added,including Zero Velocity Update and Non-Holonomic *** experiment compares two initial guesses for scan matching in terms navigation *** emphasize the importance of a multi-sensor scheme in contrast to the conventional navigation method using the stand-alone system,the tests are conducted in both open sky area and GNSS signal block area,the latter might cause Multipath and Non-Line-Of-Sight *** enhance the navigation accuracy,the Fault Detection and Exclusion(FDE)mechanism is applied to correct the navigation *** results show that the application of NDT and FDE for INS/GNSS integrated system can not only reach where-in-lane level navigation accuracy(0.5 m),but also enable constructing the dynamic map.

关键词： 3D NDT FDE INS/GNSS LiDAR PNT SLAM

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A Multiscale Framework for Modeling Concrete Strength

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2012年第1期1卷 101-108页

作者： chiu Liu California Department of Transportation 1120 N Street MS-36SacramentoCA 95831

Cementitious concrete is a composite mixture of coarse and fine aggregates,and other additives cemented into a C-S-H ***,its strength may be determined by performing compression and tensile tests to specimens with certain sizes and *** order to understand and enhance its strength,it becomes natural to seek the quantitative connections between fractured concrete surfaces and the strength of concrete across the scales of coarse,fine aggregates,and the CSH matrix with nano-scale structures.A multiscale theory across from the size of a test specimen down to the nano-scale of the known C-S-H matrix is proposed here to explain the concrete strength in terms of several physical scales associated with the concrete constituents based on energy conservation principle and fractal characterization of fractured concrete *** examined against experimental observations and test results,the proposed theory yields satisfactory estimation on nano-level molecular bonding,showing its effectiveness and importance for advancing our understanding of concrete ***,the size effect of the testing concrete strength is derived from the proposed theory without making extra physical assumptions.

关键词： concrete strength theory

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Acute perimyocarditis following heterologous vaccination of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in an elderly woman

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第10期19卷 785-787页

作者： Shing Ching chiu Sun Yue Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine and GeriatricsUnited Christian HospitalHong KongChina

Inactivated and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are highly efficacious in preventing severe disease and *** the antibody level wanes over time,^([1])booster vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization after completion of basic vaccination sequence.^([2])Heterologous compared to homologous boosting is found to be more immunogenic,generate higher antibody levels and may reduce the risk of breakthrough infections.

关键词： vaccination mortality Acute

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