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Impact of National Immunization Strategies on Vaccine- Preventable Diseases — China, 1950–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 339-343页

作者： Quanwei Song Yixing Li Lei cao Lixin Hao Ning wen Fuzhen Wang chao Ma Guomin Zhang Hui Zheng wenzhou Yu Zhijie An Zundong Yin Huaqing Wang National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?The incidences of vaccine-preventable diseases(VPDs)included in the Expanded Program on Immunization in China have decreased significantly in recent *** is added by this report?This study summarizes the national incidences of nine VPDs and the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)under different immunization strategies from 1950 through 2021 in *** sharpest decreases in VPD incidence and under-5-year HBsAg seroprevalence occurred during the latest stage of the National Immunization *** decreases in VPD incidence were most prominent among children under five years of *** are the implications for public health practice?These findings provide valuable insights for vaccine value assessment and emphasize the importance of implementing immunization strategies in targeted populations.

关键词： vaccine diseases Impact

Recent advances in bioinspired vision systems with curved imaging structures

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1407-1434页

作者： Ze-Ping He Xun Han wen-Qiang Wu Zhang-Sheng Xu cao-Feng Pan CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center School of Micro-Nano ElectronicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311200China Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China

Limited by the planar imaging structure,the commercial camera needs to introduce additional optical elements to compensate for the curved focal plane to match the planar image *** results in a complex and bulky *** contrast,biological eyes possess a simple and compact structure due to their curved imaging structure that can directly match with the curved focal *** by the structures and functions of biological eyes,curved vision systems not only improve the image quality,but also offer a variety of advanced ***,we review the recent advances in bioinspired vision systems with curved imaging ***,we focus on their applications in implementing different functions of biological eyes,as well as the emerging curved neuromorphic imaging systems that incorporate bioinspired optical and neuromorphic processing *** addition,the challenges and opportunities of bioinspired curved imaging systems are also discussed.

关键词： Bioinspired Curved vision system Compound eye Chambered eye Neuromorphic

Multi-Time-Scale Variational Mode Decomposition-Based Robust Fault Diagnosis of Railway Point Machines Under Multiple Noises

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第3期33卷 814-822页

作者： Junqi LIU Tao wen Guo XIE Yuan cao Clive Roberts Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi'an University of Technology The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education University of Birmingham

The fault diagnosis of railway point machines(RPMs) has attracted the attention of engineers and *** have studies considered diverse noises along the *** fulfill this aspect,a multi-time-scale variational mode decomposition(MTSVMD) is proposed in this paper to realize the accurate and robust fault diagnosis of RPMs under multiple *** decomposes condition monitoring signals after coarse-grained processing in varying *** this manner,the information contained in the signal components at multiple time scales can construct a more abundant feature space than at a single *** the experimental validation,a random position,random type,random number,and random length(4R) noise-adding algorithm helps to verify the robustness of the *** adequate experimental results demoristrate the superiority of the proposed MTSVMD-based fault diagnosis.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Condition monitoring Noise Signal processing algorithms Aerospace electronics Rail transportation Robustness

Large Eddy Simulation of Vertical Structure and Size Density of Deep Layer Clouds

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1629-1642,1668-1670页

作者： Bangjun cao Xianyu YANG Jun wen Qin HU Ziyuan ZHU School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology University of CologneCologne 50923Germany

In a convective scheme featuring a discretized cloud size density, the assumed lateral mixing rate is inversely proportional to the exponential coefficient of plume size. This follows a typical assumption of-1, but it has unveiled inherent uncertainties, especially for deep layer clouds. Addressing this knowledge gap, we conducted comprehensive large eddy simulations and comparative analyses focused on terrestrial regions. Our investigation revealed that cloud formation adheres to the tenets of Bernoulli trials, illustrating power-law scaling that remains consistent regardless of the inherent deep layer cloud attributes existing between cloud size and the number of clouds. This scaling paradigm encompasses liquid, ice, and mixed phases in deep layer clouds. The exponent characterizing the interplay between cloud scale and number in the deep layer cloud, specifically for liquid, ice, or mixed-phase clouds, resembles that of shallow convection,but converges closely to zero. This convergence signifies a propensity for diminished cloud numbers and sizes within deep layer clouds. Notably, the infusion of abundant moisture and the release of latent heat by condensation within the lower atmospheric strata make substantial contributions. However, this role in ice phase formation is limited. The emergence of liquid and ice phases in deep layer clouds is facilitated by the latent heat and influenced by the wind shear inherent in the middle levels. These interrelationships hold potential applications in formulating parameterizations and post-processing model outcomes.

关键词： deep layer cloud cloud spatial structure cloud size density large eddy simulation

Synthetic fungal melanin UV absorbers

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 3098-3110页

作者： chao Wang Rong Zhang Jianhua Zhang Xueqian Zhang Hengjie Zhang Huan cao Zhen Yang Yiwen Li College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research CenterFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Agents with robust ultraviolet(UV)absorption capabilities play a vital role in safeguarding organisms and inorganic materials from UV ***,the synthetic procedures towards these UV absorbers are usually lengthy and complicated,accompanied by undesirable side reactions and the generation of toxic *** nature,allomelanin,a class of melanins variant found in melanized fungi near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,plays crucial roles in the cell wall of melanized fungi,offering resistance to harsh external environments and promising UV resistance ***,allomelanin can be rapidly biosynthesized via the polymerization of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene in presence of enzymes in *** by this,we report here a green enzymatic polymerization strategy to efficiently and eco-friendly synthesize polydihydroxynaphthalene(PDHN)-based artificial allomelanin nanoparticles(NPs)with interesting *** calculations and experimental results demonstrated that the PDHN NPs exhibited excellent UVabsorption capacity,surpassing another widely used artificial melanin,polydopamine(PDA).Moreover,the light absorption mechanism of PDHN NPs was systematically elucidated for the first ***,the PDHN NPs were incorporated with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to create an anti-aging composite film with significantly enhanced UV shielding *** potential of these composite films in safeguarding plants from UV damage was meticulously ***,these PDHN NPs were first found to produce hydroxyl radicals(·OH)under UV irradiation,offering antibacterial properties that expand their potential applications.

关键词： melanin artificial allomelanin nanoparticles green synthesis UV absorption antibacterial

Dynamics of an impurity ion transport in oil-paper insulation under various electric fields

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 66-80页

作者： Yuanyang Ren Yang Wang Qiankai Zhang Jiayu Xiong wen cao Zepeng Lv Kai Wu State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina School of Electronics and Information Xi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'anChina State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute ChengduChina

The ionic transport process is an important counterpart to charge transport in oil-paper insulation,and it significantly impacts oil flow electrification at the oil-paper *** this,the dynamics of this phenomenon and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,particularly at the molecular *** understand this fundamental aspect,we conduct Molecular Dynamics study on the transport behaviour of an impurity ion in different oil-paper insulation models under various external electric *** influence factors,such as external electric fields,temperatures,and local structural characteristics,are investigated in relation to the corresponding ionic mobility in different polymer *** to the simulations,ionic mobility and its response to electric fields are higher in weaker electrostatic *** a result,mineral oil exhibits the highest ionic mobility and the most substantial enhancement of ionic mobility by external electric fields,followed by vegetable oil,oil-paper blends,and insulating *** significant deviation in ionic mobility between oil and paper leads to the formation of an electric double layer near the oil-paper *** underlying physical mechanisms of different ionic mobility and its response to the electric field in different polymer models could be explained by the different polymer structural influences in terms of interaction energy and coordination numbers in a static manner,as well as by the interactions between the impurity ion and its surrounding atoms in terms of lifetime correlation functions and velocity autocorrelation functions in a dynamic *** addition,the influence of temperature on ionic mobility in mineral and vegetable oil is examined,and their activation energies are *** in the fundamental understanding of the dynamics of the ion transport process in oil-paper insulation is vital to improving their insulating properties for oil-impregnated power transformers.

关键词： insulation transport fields

Efficient simulation of spatially correlated non-stationary ground motions by wavelet-packet algorithm and spectral representation method

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第4期23卷 799-814页

作者： Ji Kun cao Xuyang Wang Suyang wen Ruizhi College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100022China Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Earthquake AdministrationHarbin 150080China Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Ministry of Emergency ManagementHarbin 150080China

Although the classical spectral representation method(SRM)has been widely used in the generation of spatially varying ground motions,there are still challenges in efficient simulation of the non-stationary stochastic vector process in *** first problem is the inherent limitation and inflexibility of the deterministic time/frequency modulation *** difficulty is the estimation of evolutionary power spectral density(EPSD)with quite a few *** tackle these problems,the wavelet packet transform(WPT)algorithm is utilized to build a time-varying spectrum of seed recording which describes the energy distribution in the time-frequency *** time-varying spectrum is proven to preserve the time and frequency marginal property as theoretical EPSD will do for the stationary *** the simulation of spatially varying ground motions,the auto-EPSD for all locations is directly estimated using the time-varying spectrum of seed recording rather than matching predefined EPSD *** the constructed spectral matrix is incorporated in SRM to simulate spatially varying non-stationary ground motions using efficient Cholesky decomposition *** addition to a good match with the target coherency model,two numerical examples indicate that the generated time histories retain the physical properties of the prescribed seed recording,including waveform,temporal/spectral non-stationarity,normalized energy buildup,and significant duration.

关键词： non-stationarity time-varying spectrum wavelet packet transform(WPT) spectral representation method(SRM) response spectrum spatially varying recordings

Preparation of vanadium-based electrode materials and their research progress in solid-state flexible supercapacitors

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 431-454页

作者： Rui-Jie Zhu Jiang Liu chao Hua Hao-Yu Pan Yi-Jun cao Meng Li Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

Solid-state flexible supercapacitors(SCs)have many advantages of high specific capacitance,excellent flexibility,fast charging and discharging,high power density,environmental friendliness,high safety,light weight,ductility,and long cycle *** are the ideal choice for the development of flexible energy storage technology in the future,and provide a good prospect for energy storage *** present,solid-state flexible SCs are widely used for portable electronic equipment and wearable energy storage equipment,the research of them has become the focus of a growing number of *** material is the key part of SCs and always determines the electrochemical performance of *** has been a hotspot and focus of ***-based compounds are considered to be a promising electrode material for SCs because of variable valence,open structure,high theoretical capacity,and low ***,this study first gives an overview of solid-state flexible SCs,then reviews the current research status of vanadium-based electrode materials in solid-state flexible SCs,and proposes some strategies to solve some problems of vanadium-based electrode materials.

关键词： Vanadium-based materials Flexible energy storage Specific capacitance Supercapacitors(SCs)

Effect of BaO and MgO on structure and properties of aluminate slag with various cao/Al_(2)0_(3)ratios

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 204-214页

作者： Yu-qi Kong Ting Wu wen-zhi Xia wen Yang Hai-chuan Wang School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243032AnhuiChina Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction and Resource Recycling(Ministry of Education) Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243002AnhuiChina

To provide theoretical guidance for performance stability control of low-reactive mold fluxes,the effects of BaO and MgO on the structure and properties of aluminate slag with various cao/Al_(2)0_(3)(C/A)ratios were investigated using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,Raman spectroscope,hemispherical melting point instrument,rotational viscometer and X-ray *** results indicated that with BaO and MgO addition,the structure polymerization was first weakened and then enhanced at C/A of 1.1,and the transition contents corresponded to 8 wt.%BaO and 2 wt.%MgO,respectively,while the structure polymerization decreased continuously at C/A of *** the viscosity change was well consistent with the structure evolution,the polymerization degree played a more prominent role in the slag viscosity than superheat degree when the melting temperature difference was within 40℃.The break temperature decreased initially and then increased with augment of BaO and MgO at C/A of 1.1,while it manifested a decrease trend with BaO addition,and it decreased obviously but then turned to increase with MgO increment at C/A of *** crystallization phase and crystallization ratio kept stable with BaO increment,while the crystallization ratio rose greatly with MgO promoting LiAlO_(2)precipitation at C/A of *** crystal types of all experimental slags were mainly Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(33)and CaF_(2)at C/A of 1.3,and the precipitation of crystalline phase BaAl2O4 demonstrated a rising trend,while that of Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(33)gradually declined with BaO augment.

关键词： Aluminate slag Structure MgO BaO Viscosity Property