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Characterization of wet microalgal cells pretreated with steam for lipid extraction

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第9期34卷 114-120页

作者： Wenlu Song Rui huang Hao Guo Chunguang Yin Chuanling Wang Jun Cheng weijuan Yang Department of Life Science and Engineering Jining UniversityJining 273155China The Electrical Engineering College Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China ShanDong Fanpu Analytic Co. LtdJining 272000China

Steam pretreatment was employed to disrupt Microalgal cells for lipids extraction.Effects of steam pretreatment on microstructure of microalgal cells were investigated through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Effect of treatment on lipid extraction was also studied.Microalgal cell walls were distorted after steam pretreatment due to the hydrolysis of organic macromolecules contained in cell wall.Maximum curvature was increased from 1.88×10^(-6) m^(-1) to 1.43×10^(-7) m^(-1) after treatment with the steam at 130℃.The fractal dimension of microalgal cells increased from 1.25 to 1.30 after pretreatment for 15 min,and further increased to 1.47 when the pretreatment time was increased to 60 min.Increased steam pretreatment temperature and time enhanced the hydrolysis of organic macromolecules,and finally destroyed microalgal cell walls at pretreatment temperature of 130℃and pretreatment time of 60 min.Lipid extracted from wet microalgal was significantly increased(2.1-fold)after pretreatment.

关键词： Chlorella pyrenoidosa Steam pretreatment Cell wall disruption Lipids extraction

Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance of Seasonal Influenza Viruses—China,2020–2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第44期3卷 918-922页

作者： Weijuan Huang Xiyan Li Minju Tan Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Hejiang Wei Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Jia Liu Ning Xiao Lei Yang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Introduction:During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the circulation of seasonal influenza virus declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels.We analyzed the results of the epidemiology,antigenic,and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibilities of seasonal influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during October 5,2020 through September 5,2021,to better assess the risk of influenza during subsequent influenza season in 2021–2022.Methods:Positive rates of influenza virus detection during this period were based on real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)detection by the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network laboratories,and isolated viruses from influenza positive samples were submitted to the Chinese National Influenza Center.Antigenic analyses for influenza viruses were conducted using the hemagglutination inhibition assay.Next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses.Viruses were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using a phenotypic assay and next-generation sequencing.Results:In southern China,the influenza positivity rate was elevated especially after March 2021 and was higher than the same period the previous year with the COVID-19 pandemic.In northern China,influenza positive rate peaked at Week 18 in 2021 and has declined since then.Nearly all isolated viruses were B/Victoria lineage viruses during the study period,and 37.3%of these viruses are antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the vaccine components for the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza season.All seasonal influenza viruses were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease inhibitors.Conclusions:Influenza activity has gradually increased in the mainland of China in 2021,although the intensity of activity is still lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic.The diversity of circulating influenza types/subtypes decreased,with the vast majority being B/Victoria lineage viruses.The surveillance data from this study sug

关键词： mainland season prevention

Characterization of Influenza Viruses-China, 2019−2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第44期2卷 856-861页

作者： Weijuan Huang Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Xiyan Li Minju Tan Hejiang Wei Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Jia Liu Ning Xiao Lei Yang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Introduction:Influenza surveillance is necessary for detection of emerging variants of influenza viruses and determining their epidemiological and clinical significance.Vaccination and antiviral drugs remain the most useful ways to protect against seasonal influenza and its potentially severe consequences.This study describes the epidemiology,antigenic and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibilities of influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during the April 1,2019 through October 4,2020.Methods:All viruses analyzed were isolated and submitted by Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network laboratories.The Chinese National Influenza Center performed antigenic analysis,sequencing,and antiviral resistance testing after propagation of the viruses.Antigenic characterizations were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assay;next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses;phenotypic assay and next-generation sequencing were used for determining antiviral resistance.Results:The influenza positivity rate declined significantly starting in late January 2020 and has remained low.There was no summer influenza peak season in south China.Influenza A(H3N2)and B/Victoria lineage viruses were the dominant subtype/lineage during April 1,2019 through October 4,2020.The majority of influenza viruses were antigenically and genetically similar to reference viruses representing components of vaccines for the 2020–2021 northern hemisphere influenza season.Nearly all seasonal influenza viruses were susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:Since the outbreak of COVID-19,the influenza positivity rate declined with implementation of strong COVID-19 control measures.The majority of circulating viruses are well matched with the current 2020–2021 northern hemisphere influenza vaccine viruses.Circulating seasonal influenza viruses were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors and Baloxavir marboxil.This study provided evidence for World Health Organizat

关键词： epidemiology prevention mainland

Nondestructive 3D Image Analysis Pipeline to Extract Rice Grain Traits Using X-Ray Computed Tomography

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 106-117页

作者： weijuan Hu Can Zhang Yuqiang Jiang Chenglong huang Qian Liu Lizhong Xiong Wanneng Yang Fan Chen Crop Phenomics Joint Research Center Wuhan 430070China Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronicsand Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomedical PhotonicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene ResearchAgricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Provinceand College of EngineeringHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

The traits of rice panicles play important roles in yield assessment,variety classification,rice breeding,and cultivation management.Most traditional grain phenotyping methods require threshing and thus are time-consuming and labor-intensive;moreover,these methods cannot obtain 3D grain traits.In this work,based on X-ray computed tomography,we proposed an image analysis method to extract twenty-two 3D grain traits.After 104 samples were tested,the R^(2) values between the extracted and manual measurements of the grain number and grain length were 0.980 and 0.960,respectively.We also found a high correlation between the total grain volume and weight.In addition,the extracted 3D grain traits were used to classify the rice varieties,and the support vector machine classifier had a higher recognition accuracy than the stepwise discriminant analysis and random forest classifiers.In conclusion,we developed a 3D image analysis pipeline to extract rice grain traits using X-ray computed tomography that can provide more 3D grain information and could benefit future research on rice functional genomics and rice breeding.

关键词： breeding forest traits

Different Starting Dominant Strain of Seasonal Influenza in China and Other Neighboring Asian Countries in 2019−2020 Winter Season

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China CDC weekly 2020年第4期2卷 57-60页

作者： Jing Yang Weijuan Huang Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Minju Tan Qian Guo Hejiang Wei Fei Zhu Tomoko Kuwahara Xiyan Li Xiang Zhao Hideki Hasegawa George F.Gao Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research CenterNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaTokyoJapan Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina.

Introduction:Seasonal influenza is a prevalent and highly contagious acute respiratory disease that causes a major global disease burden.New strains of influenza viruses also have the potential to cause an influenza pandemic.Due to the high variability and the consequent uncertainty about virus strains,the prevention and control of influenza are faced with many challenges.Surveillance is considered a key strategy to lead to the prevention and control of influenza,and influenza is one of first infectious diseases to be monitored globally.Methods:The Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network conducts routine influenza surveillance and includes 410 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals based on the requirements of National Influenza Surveillance Guidelines.China and other countries submit epidemiological and virological data to the WHO FluMart database,which can be viewed online.Results:Seasonal influenza H3N2 virus was the dominant subtype in China when entering the 2019–2020 winter influenza season,while neighboring countries such as Japan and Republic of Korea reported the dominance of H1N1pdm09 and Mongolia and Russia reported a higher proportion of type B virus than type A virus.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:Asian countries entered the 2019–2020 winter influenza season with different type/subtypes of influenza virus dominant in different areas.Influenza surveillance needs to be strengthened to closely monitor changes in the antigenicity and genetic characteristics of emerging viruses.

关键词： prevention strengthened submit

Fluorine in drinking water and urine in the urban and rural areas of northwestern China——Its determination by a fluoride ion selective electrode

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2009年第2期28卷 172-175页

作者： WANG Binbin ZHENG Baoshan LIAN weijuan YANG Lan huang Ruizhe RUAN Jianping The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Gansu Provincial People＇s Hospital Lanzhou 730000 China School ofStomatology Lanzhou University Stomatological Hospital Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730030 China Stomatological Hospital Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710000 China Department of Environmental Security Systems Chiba Institute of Science Choshi Chiba 288-0025 Japan

In this study, the author determined fluorine in drinking water and urine of residents who are divided into four age groups (5, 12, 35-44, 65-74 aged), living in huangling City, Shaanxi Province and at 6 villages of Qin'an County, Gansu Province, P.R.China. Some residents are living in fluorine exposure areas. A total of 929 residents (463 females and 466 males) involved in the study were selected from 7 tap water systems. Drinking water samples were collected from each area and analyzed using the fluoride ion-selective method. No positive correlation relationship was found between fluorine concentrations in urine and those in drinking water in the area where the fluorine concentrations of drinking water are within the range of 1-2 mg/L. The fluorine absorbed by resistents of different ages is different in amount. With the same concentrations of fluorine in drinking water, more fluorine would be absorbed by young residents than old residents. No difference can be seen in absorption amount of fluorine among different genders.

关键词：氟离子选择性电极饮用水中国西北地区农村地区居民生活城市尿自来水系统

Mutations associated with egg adaptation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in laboratory based surveillance in China, 2009–2016

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Biosafety and Health 2019年第1期1卷 41-45页

作者： Lei Yang Yanhui Cheng Xiang Zhao Hejiang Wei Minju Tan Xiyan Li Wenfei Zhu Weijuan Huang Wenbing Chen Jia Liu Zi Li Yuelong Shu Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDCKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingPeople's Republic of China School of Public Health(Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdongPeople's Republic of China

Mutations of influenza virus associated with adaptation occurring during passage in embryonated chicken eggs could result in antigenic change or reduced vaccine effectiveness.In this study,we investigated the mutations of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 egg isolates from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network between 2009 and 2016.Thirteen mutations were identified in the hemagglutinin(HA)protein from viruses passaged in eggs,in comparing to those in cells.After scanning public database,four mutations,D127E,L191I,D222G/N and Q223R in HA1,which may alter the receptor-binding specificity,were observed frequently.Although the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has evolved in human for nearly ten years,most egg-cultured viruses acquired one or more further mutations.Using the egg isolates for influenza surveillance requires extra caution because of these selected mutations,and their impacts on antigenicity and receptor-binding property need further evaluation.Currently,most of the influenza vaccines are produced using egg isolates,particularly in China.Thus,there is an urge to promote the establishment of an alternative influenza vaccine production platform.

关键词： Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus Surveillance Egg-adapted mutation

Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 mRNA and protein expression in organotypic rat brain slices

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第21期5卷 1639-1643页

作者： Hong Cui Lijun Yang Dezhuang huang Wandong Zhang weijuan Han Yanqing Yao Wenxing Jiang Pediatrics Department Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Hepatitis Institute Beijing YouAn Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100054 China Institute for Biological Sciences National Research Council of Canada Ottawa K1A OR6 Ontario Canada

Numerous studies have confirmed that oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 （Olig-1） is vital for myelin repair. However, the effects of hypoxia and ischemia on Olig-1 expression remain unknown. In this study, Olig-1 mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, to determine the expression profile of Olig-1 in rat brain slices exposed to hypoxia and ischemia. Brains were obtained from 2-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and sections were randomly assigned to control and hypoxia/ischemia groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis in cells from the hypoxia/ischemia group. Under electron microscopy, mitochondria swelling and neuropil edema were observed in the hypoxiaJischemia group. Olig-1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased at 1 day after hypoxia and ischemia treatment. These results suggest that in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry could be used simultaneously to detect mRNA and protein expression in brain slices.

关键词： oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 double staining brain slices immunohistochemistry in situ hybridization hypoxia and ischemia

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基于初中科学电学教学中的高阶思维培养

科教文汇 2020年第14期 148-149页

作者：黄卫娟浙江师范大学附属杭州笕桥实验中学浙江杭州310021

现代教育强调的是培养学生的素质,现代社会更加需要的也是具有高阶思维能力的人才。教师在初中科学电学的教学中,积极探索有效手段,培养学生的高阶思维,使其逐渐获得较高水平的思维能力,为学生的未来发展打下坚实的基础。

关键词：原理科学教学高阶思维

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