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Terrestrial denitrification:challenges and opportunities

Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 1-11页

作者： peter M Groffman Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies 2801 Sharon TurnpikeMillbrookNY 12545USA

Denitrification is a process of great environmental importance but is difficult to study in terrestrial *** for quantifying the process are problematic,variability in activity is high,and temporal and spatial scaling challenges are *** methods are problematic for a variety of reasons;they change substrate concentrations,disturb the physical setting of the process,lack sensitivity or are prohibitively costly in time and *** fundamentally,it is very difficult to quantify the dominant end-product(N_(2))of denitrification given its high background concentration in the *** and temporal variation in denitrification is high due to control of the process by multiple factors(oxygen,nitrate,carbon,pH,salinity,temperature etc.)that each vary in time and space.A particular challenge is that small areas(hotspots)and brief periods(hot moments)frequently account for a high percentage of N gas flux *** phenomena are challenging to account for in measurement,modeling and scaling *** need for scaling is driven by the fact that there is a need for information on this microscale process at the ecosystem,landscape and regional scales where there are concerns about nitrogen effects on soil fertility,water quality and air *** this review,I outline the key challenges involved with denitrification and then describe specific opportunities for making progress on these challenges including advances in measurement methods,new conceptual approaches for addressing hotspot and hot moment dynamics,and new remote sensing and geographic information system–based scaling *** of these opportunities suggests that we are poised to make great improvements in our understanding of terrestrial *** improvements will increase our basic science understanding of a complex biogeochemical process and our ability to manage widespread nitrogen pollution problems.

关键词： scaling process landscape

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Use of new once-daily 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations in the treatment of ulcerative colitis:Is there anything new under the sun?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第15期15卷 1799-1804页

作者： peter Laszlo Lakatos 1st Department of Medicine Semmelweis University

5-aminosalicylate(5-ASA)agents remain the mainstay treatment in ulcerative colitis(UC).A number of oral 5-ASA agents are commercially available,including azobond pro-drugs,as well as delayed-and controlledrelease forms of ***,poor adherence due to frequent daily dosing and a large number of tablets has been shown to be an important barrier to successful management of patients with ***, new,once-daily formulations of mesalazine,including the unique multi-matrix delivery system and mesalazine granules,were proven to be efficacious in inducing and maintaining remission in mild-to-moderate UC,with a good safety profile comparable to that of other oral mesalazine *** addition,they offer the advantage of a low pill burden and might contribute to increased long-term compliance and treatment success in clinical *** editorial summarizes the available literature on the short-and medium-term efficacy and safety of the new once-daily mesalazine formulations.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis 5-aminosalicylate Mesalazine Multi matrix system Therapy Once-daily Compliance

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Recent trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases:Up or down?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第38期12卷 6102-6108页

作者： peter Laszlo Lakatos 1~(st) Department of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is traditionally con- sidered to be common in the Western world, and its incidence has sharply increased since the early 1950s. In contrast, until the last decade, low prevalence and incidence rates have been reported from other parts of the world including Eastern Europe, South America, Asia and the Pacific region. Recent trends indicate a change in the epidemiology of IBD with previously low incidence areas now reporting a progressive rise in the incidence, while in West European and North American countries the figures have stabilized or slightly increased, with decreasing incidence rates for ulcerative colitis. Some of these changes may represent differences in diagnostic practices and increasing awareness of the disease. The quality of studies is also variable. Additional epidemio- logic studies are needed to better define the burden of illness, explore the mechanism of association with envi- ronmental factors, and identify new risk factors.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Incidence Epidemiology

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Prediction of and for new environments: What's your model?

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 581-582页

作者： Hans-peter Piepho University of Hohenheim Institute of Crop ScienceBiostatistics UnitFruwirthstrasse 2370599 StuttgartGermany

Genomic prediction(GP)and genome-wide association studies(GWAS)employ genetic variants(markers)to predict phenotypic performance and identify superior *** plants,due to genotype-environment interaction(GEI),performance is usually assessed across multiple environments,giving rise to phenotypic data matrices with genotypes in rows and environments in columns(Figure 1).The standard approaches to GP and GWAS employ genotype(row)means across environments as a response and analysis focuses on the *** et al.,2022 proposed to apply the same idea using environment(column)means across genotypes as the response and scanning environmental variants for their ability to predict environmental performance.

关键词： environments Figure performance

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A Survey of Image Synthesis and Editing with Generative Adversarial Networks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2017年第6期22卷 660-674页

作者： Xian Wu Kun Xu peter Hall TNList and the Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the Department of Computer Science University of BathBathUK

This paper presents a survey of image synthesis and editing with Generative Adversarial Networks（GANs）. GANs consist of two deep networks, a generator and a discriminator, which are trained in a competitive way. Due to the power of deep networks and the competitive training manner, GANs are capable of producing reasonable and realistic images, and have shown great capability in many image synthesis and editing *** paper surveys recent GAN papers regarding topics including, but not limited to, texture synthesis, image inpainting, image-to-image translation, and image editing.

关键词： image synthesis image editing constrained image synthesis generative adversarial networks imageto-image translation

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Duality for cochain DG algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第1期56卷 79-89页

作者： JφRGENSEN peter School of Mathematics and Statistics Newcastle University

This paper develops a duality theory for connected cochain DG algebras,with particular emphasis on the non-commutative *** of the main items is a dualizing DG module which induces a duality between the derived categories of DG left-modules and DG right-modules with finitely generated *** an application,it is proved that if the canonical module k=A/A≥1 has a semi-free resolution where the cohomological degree of the generators is bounded above,then the same is true for each DG module with finitely generated cohomology.

关键词： balanced dualizing complex Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity Cech DG module derived comple-tion derived torsion DG left-module DG right-module dualizing DG module endomorphism DG algebra Extregularity non-commutative DG algebra

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Seasonality of PSII thermostability and water use e ffi ciency of in situ mountainous Norway spruce(Picea abies)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 197-208页

作者： peter Petrik Anja Petek-Petrik Alena Konopkova peter Fleischer Srdjan Stojnic Ina Zavadilova Daniel Kurjak Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic Department of Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany CASBrnoCzech Republic Faculty of Forestry Technical University of ZvolenZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesZvolenSlovakia Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia

The stability of monocultural,even-aged spruce forests at lower altitudes in Central Europe is seriously threatened by the prospects of global climate *** thermostability and water use efficiency of their photo synthetic apparatus might play a vital role in their successful *** this study,photo systemⅡ(PSⅡ)performance(OJIP transient,rapid light curves)and thermostability were analyzed in Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)throughout the growing season of the exceptionally warm year 2018(May-September)in the Western Carpathians,*** measurements were accompanied by analysis of pigment concentrations in the *** addition,gas-exchange temperature curves were produced weekly from June until September to obtain intrinsic water use *** the beginning of the growing season,needles exposed to heat stress showed significantly higher basal fluorescence and lower quantum yield,performance index,critical temperature thresholds of PSII inactivation and nonphotochemical yield in comparison to other *** overall thermostability(heat-resistance)of PSII peaked in July and August,reflected in the lowest basal fluorescence and the highest quantum yield of PSII,critical temperature thresholds and yield of non-photochemical quenching under heat ***,the ratio between chlorophyll and carotenoids was the highest in August and had a positive impact on PSII ***,the high-temperature intrinsic water use efficiency was significantly higher during July and August than in *** show that15-year-old trees of Picea abies at 840 m *** acclimative seasonal responses of PSII thermostability and intrinsic water use efficiency during an exceptionally warm *** results suggest that mountainous *** at lower altitudes can acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to higher temperatures during summer.

关键词： Heat stress Photosynthesis Non-photochemical quenching Pigments Intrinsic water use efficiency

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Influence of MBBR carrier geometrical properties and biofilm thickness restraint on biofilm properties,effluent particle size distribution,settling velocity distribution,and settling behaviour

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 138-149页

作者： Raheleh Arabgol peter A.Vanrolleghem Robert Delatolla Department of Civil Engineering University of Ottawa161 Louis PasteurK1N 6N5 ONCanada ModelEAU Département de génie civil et de génie des eauxUniversitéLaval1065 av.de la MédecineQuébecCanada

The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of MBBR-produced *** influence of carrier geometric properties and different levels of biofilm thickness on biofilm characteristics,solids production,particle size distribution(PSD),and particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD)is evaluated in this *** analytical Vi CAs method is applied to the MBBR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling *** method is combined with microscopy imaging to relate particle size distribution to settling *** conventionally loaded MBBR systems are studied at a similar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m^(2)·day)and with different carrier *** AnoxK^(TM)K5 carrier,a commonly used carrier,is compared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers,AnoxK^(TM)Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to limit the biofilm ***,two levels of biofilm thickness,200μm and 400μm,are studied using AnoxK^(TM)Z-200 and Z-400 *** analysis confirms that K5 carriers demonstrated a significantly different biofilm mass,thickness,and density,in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in comparison with ***,in comparison of thickness-restraint carriers,Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly compared to the Z-400 *** K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids(0.7±0.3 gTSS/day),thickest biofilm(281.1±8.7μm)and lowest biofilm density(65.0±1.5 kg/m^(3)).The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour,consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.

关键词： MBBR Particle size distribution(PSD) Particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD) Settling behaviour ViCAs z-carriers

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Topic Modeling Based Warning Prioritization from Change Sets of Software Repository

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第6期35卷 1461-1479页

作者： Jung-Been Lee Taek Lee Hoh peter In College of Informatics Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering Sungshin UniversitySeoul 02844Korea

Many existing warning prioritization techniques seek to reorder the static analysis warnings such that true positives are provided first. However, excessive amount of time is required therein to investigate and fix prioritized warnings because some are not actually true positives or are irrelevant to the code context and topic. In this paper, we propose a warning prioritization technique that reflects various latent topics from bug-related code blocks. Our main aim is to build a prioritization model that comprises separate warning priorities depending on the topic of the change sets to identify the number of true positive warnings. For the performance evaluation of the proposed model, we employ a performance metric called warning detection rate, widely used in many warning prioritization studies, and compare the proposed model with other competitive techniques. Additionally, the effectiveness of our model is verified via the application of our technique to eight industrial projects of a real global company.

关键词： automated static analysis topic modeling warning prioritization

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Effects of porosity heterogeneity on chemical dissolution-front instability in fluid-saturated rocks

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第3期24卷 720-725页

作者： ZHAO Chong-bin peter SCHAUBS Bruce HOBBS Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South University Changsha 410083 China CSIRO Mineral Resource National Research Flagship R O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia School of Earth and Environment The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia

Homogeneity and heterogeneity are two totally different concepts in *** the particle length scale,rocks exhibit strong heterogeneity in their constituents and *** the heterogeneity of porosity obeys the random uniform distribution,both the mean value and the variance of porosities in the heterogeneous porosity field can be used to reflect the overall heterogeneous characteristics of the porosity *** main purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of porosity heterogeneity on chemical dissolution front instability in fluid-saturated rocks by the computational simulation *** related computational simulation results have demonstrated that:1) since the propagation speed of a chemical dissolution front is inversely proportional to the difference between the final porosity and the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field,an increase in the extent of the porosity heterogeneity can cause an increase in the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field and an increase in the propagation speed of the chemical dissolution front.2) An increase in the variance of porosities in the initial porosity field can cause an increase in the instability probability of the chemical dissolution front in the fluid-saturated rock.3) The greater the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field,the quicker the irregular morphology of the chemical dissolution front changes in the supercritical chemical dissolution *** means that the irregular morphology of a chemical dissolution front grows quicker in a porosity field of heterogeneity than it does in that of homogeneity when the chemical dissolution system is at a supercritical stage.

关键词： porosity heterogeneity chemical dissolution front instability computational simulation porous rocks

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