Terrestrial denitrification:challenges and opportunities

作     者：Peter M Groffman 

作者机构：Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies2801 Sharon TurnpikeMillbrookNY 12545USA 

出 版 物：《Ecological Processes》 (生态过程（英文）)

年 卷 期：2012年第1卷第1期

页      面：1-11页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 08[工学] 0815[工学-水利工程] 0802[工学-机械工程] 0713[理学-生态学] 080201[工学-机械制造及其自动化] 

基　　金：This work was partially supported by U.S.National Science Foundation grant NSF DEB-0919131 

主　　题：scaling process landscape 

摘      要：Denitrification is a process of great environmental importance but is difficult to study in terrestrial *** for quantifying the process are problematic,variability in activity is high,and temporal and spatial scaling challenges are *** methods are problematic for a variety of reasons;they change substrate concentrations,disturb the physical setting of the process,lack sensitivity or are prohibitively costly in time and *** fundamentally,it is very difficult to quantify the dominant end-product(N_(2))of denitrification given its high background concentration in the *** and temporal variation in denitrification is high due to control of the process by multiple factors(oxygen,nitrate,carbon,pH,salinity,temperature etc.)that each vary in time and space.A particular challenge is that small areas(hotspots)and brief periods(hot moments)frequently account for a high percentage of N gas flux *** phenomena are challenging to account for in measurement,modeling and scaling *** need for scaling is driven by the fact that there is a need for information on this microscale process at the ecosystem,landscape and regional scales where there are concerns about nitrogen effects on soil fertility,water quality and air *** this review,I outline the key challenges involved with denitrification and then describe specific opportunities for making progress on these challenges including advances in measurement methods,new conceptual approaches for addressing hotspot and hot moment dynamics,and new remote sensing and geographic information system–based scaling *** of these opportunities suggests that we are poised to make great improvements in our understanding of terrestrial *** improvements will increase our basic science understanding of a complex biogeochemical process and our ability to manage widespread nitrogen pollution problems.