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秸秆还田模式下种植密度对玉米根际土壤真菌群落的影响及其驱动因素分析

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中国农业气象 2024年第3期45卷 232-244页

作者：谭小敏吕开源马惠吴宏亮赵如浪康建宏吴娜宁夏大学农学院银川750021 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所银川750002

秸秆还田和适宜的种植密度有利于改良土壤理化性质,优化微生物群落结构。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,在宁夏引黄灌区玉米农田开展连续5a设置裂区试验,探讨不同秸秆还田模式(H1:秸秆粉碎深翻还田、H0:秸秆不还田)和种植密度... 详细信息

秸秆还田和适宜的种植密度有利于改良土壤理化性质,优化微生物群落结构。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,在宁夏引黄灌区玉米农田开展连续5a设置裂区试验,探讨不同秸秆还田模式(H1:秸秆粉碎深翻还田、H0:秸秆不还田)和种植密度(D1:67500株·hm^(-2)、D2:82500株·hm^(-2)、D3:97500株·hm^(-2))下玉米成熟期根际土壤真菌多样性、群落结构的变化及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1)秸秆还田模式和种植密度两因素交互效应极显著提高了土壤真菌群落Chao1指数、ACE指数及香农指数(P<0.01),以H1D2处理下最高。(2)农田玉米根际土壤真菌群落主要由子囊菌门(63.50%~81.82%)、担子菌门(4.83%~18.03%)和被孢霉门(3.18%~9.61%)等14个门及509个属的真菌组成,真菌群落组成分析表明,秸秆还田模式各密度处理间群落结构不同,优势菌门和优势菌属相对丰度差异较大。(3)秸秆还田模式和种植密度两因素交互效应极显著降低土壤pH值,提高了有机质、碱解氮及速效磷含量(P<0.01),以H1D2处理下最高。Pearson相关分析表明,土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量与真菌α多样性呈显著或极显著的相关性;土壤pH值与枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)相对丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),有机质、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量与枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)相对丰度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),有机质含量与毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)相对丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。RDA分析表明全氮、有机质、速效钾和pH值是驱动秸秆还田模式下各密度处理中玉米根际土壤真菌群落变异的主要环境因子。本研究中,秸秆还田结合种植密度82500株·hm^(-2)处理,对提高农田土壤肥力和改善根际土壤真菌多样性最有利。

关键词：秸秆还田种植密度土壤理化性质真菌多样性真菌群落结构

水肥一体化下钾肥用量对春玉米光合荧光参数的影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第8期30卷 1461-1476页

作者：洪自强张正珍周甜苏明李翻过康建宏吴宏亮宁夏大学农学院宁夏银川750021

【目的】研究水肥一体化下不同施钾量对玉米光合荧光特性、生理特性及产量的影响,为宁夏地区玉米钾肥高效施用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,共设6个施钾(K_(2)O)量:0、60、120、180、240、300 kg/hm^(2),依次... 详细信息

【目的】研究水肥一体化下不同施钾量对玉米光合荧光特性、生理特性及产量的影响,为宁夏地区玉米钾肥高效施用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,共设6个施钾(K_(2)O)量:0、60、120、180、240、300 kg/hm^(2),依次记为K0、K1、K2、K3、K4、K5处理。监测不同处理春玉米叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)、光合荧光参数,测定了玉米产量,并分析了光合指标与产量之间的相关性。【结果】施钾量对春玉米叶片LAI具有显著影响。两年结果表明,春玉米花前期(V6—R1)、花后期(R1—R6)LAD分别占全生育期的20%、80%,因此,春玉米干物质积累主要在花后进行。SPAD值均在R3期附近达到峰值。两年中,玉米各生育时期的Pn(净光合速率)、Tr(蒸腾速率)、Gs(气孔导度)、Ci(胞间二氧化碳浓度)均随着钾肥用量的增加呈先增后降的趋势。与K0相比,K3处理下的Pn峰值显著提高了16.14%,K3处理的Ci最大峰值平均增加了4.42%(P<0.05)。在R1期,K3处理下的Fv/Fm平均较K0提高了23.54%。产量也随着施钾量的增加先增后减,最高产量出现在K3处理,2022和2023年分别为15179和14964 kg/hm^(2)。相关分析表明,光合势与玉米产量相关极显著。K3处理对玉米产量的优化效果综合得分最高。【结论】合理施钾可保障较高的SPAD值和PSII反应中心的活性,提高春玉米对光能的捕获、吸收、转化及最大光化学效率,降低热耗散,促进春玉米光合作用,促进干物质的转化,从而提高春玉米的产量。总施钾量(K_(2)O)为180 kg/hm^(2)(K3)时,春玉米光合荧光特性表现较优,光合势较强。在宁夏滴灌水肥一体化条件下,玉米产量达15000 kg/hm^(2)时,最佳施钾(K2O)量为155~202 kg/hm^(2)。

关键词：春玉米施钾量光合参数荧光参数目标产量

基于转录组和蛋白质组联合分析氮素运筹缓解春小麦高温早衰的机制

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西南农业学报 2024年第5期37卷 925-935页

作者：李永飞张海宇张战胜陈永伟康建宏吴宏亮宁夏大学农学院银川750021

【目的】探究叶面喷施氮素缓解花后高温导致的春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)早衰的分子机理。【方法】采用单因素对比试验,设春小麦花后高温前叶面喷氮(D20)和不喷氮(CK)2个处理,喷氮后在人工气候室中进行高温(35±2)℃处理,连续处理3 d... 详细信息

【目的】探究叶面喷施氮素缓解花后高温导致的春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)早衰的分子机理。【方法】采用单因素对比试验,设春小麦花后高温前叶面喷氮(D20)和不喷氮(CK)2个处理,喷氮后在人工气候室中进行高温(35±2)℃处理,连续处理3 d,时间为9:00—17:00,高温结束后开始取样,测定高温处理后春小麦旗叶可溶性糖、淀粉含量及淀粉酶活性,并对春小麦旗叶进行转录组、蛋白组测序分析。【结果】高温处理后,D20处理春小麦旗叶的可溶性糖、直链和支链淀粉含量及淀粉酶活性均显著高于CK。转录组和蛋白质组联合分析表明,与CK相比,D20处理春小麦旗叶中共鉴定出3441个差异基因(Differential expressed genes, DEGs)和150个差异蛋白(Differential expressed proteins, DEPs),其中相关联的差异因子23个,包括13个上调基因和10个下调基因及8个上调蛋白质和15个下调蛋白质。在基因和蛋白水平上有16个因子表达一致,包括7个上调因子和9个下调因子。GO和KEGG富集发现,在基因和蛋白水平上,春小麦硫胺素代谢、蔗糖淀粉代谢和苯丙烷类生物合成均上调表达。春小麦的THI1和bglx基因上调表达,硫胺素、可溶性糖、香豆素和木质素含量增加,抗逆性增强。对表达趋势一致的春小麦旗叶基因和蛋白的差异基因进行实时定量PCR,结果与转录组分析一致,差异基因在两者中均上调表达。【结论】春小麦花后高温处理前喷氮可调控硫胺素代谢、蔗糖淀粉代谢和苯丙烷类生物合成相关基因和蛋白的表达模式,从而缓解花后高温造成的早衰,提高春小麦产量。

关键词：春小麦叶面喷氮花后高温转录组蛋白组

A stable one-point quadrature rule for three-dimensional numerical manifold method

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1401-1416页

作者： ZHANG Ning ZHENG hong YANG liang wu WenAn YUAN Chi School of Civil Engineering Qinghai UniversityQinghai810016China Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering Ministry of EducationBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Engineering China University of GeoscienceWuhan430074China

We present a numerically stable one-point quadrature rule for the stiffness matrix and mass matrix of the three-dimensional numerical manifold method(3D NMM).The rule simplifies the integration over irregularly shaped manifold elements and overcomes locking issues,and it does not cause spurious modes in modal *** essential idea is to transfer the integral over a manifold element to a few moments to the element center,thereby deriving a one-point integration rule by the moments and making modifications to avoid locking *** the stiffness matrix,after the virtual work is decomposed into moments,higher-order moments are modified to overcome locking issues in nearly incompressible and bending-dominated *** the mass matrix,the consistent and lumped types are derived by *** particular,the lumped type has the clear advantage of *** proposed method is naturally suitable for 3D NMM meshes automatically generated from a regular *** tests justify the accuracy improvements and the stability of the proposed procedure.

关键词： three-dimensional numerical manifold method quadrature rule locking mass lumping

Effects of Hydrogen Charging Time and Pressure on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of X52 Pipeline Steel Material

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第2期37卷 293-307页

作者： hong-Jiang Wan Xiao-Qi wu hong-liang Ming Jian-Qiu Wang En-Hou Han School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology Guangzhou510530China

The effects of hydrogen charging time and pressure on the hydrogen embrittlement(HE)susceptibility of X52 pipeline steel material are studied by slow strain rate tensile *** fracture morphologies of the specimens are observed by scanning electron *** HE susceptibility of the X52 pipeline steel material increases with an increase in both hydrogen charging time and hydrogen *** a charging time of 96 h,the HE susceptibility index reaches 45.86%,approximately 3.6 times that at a charging time of 0 ***,a charging pressure of 4 MPa results in a HE susceptibility index of 31.61%,approximately 2.5 times higher than that at a charging pressure of 0.3 MPa.

关键词： Hydrogen embrittlement X52 pipeline steel material Tubular specimen Hydrogen charging time Hydrogen charging pressure

Increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen in crop rotation systems by improving nitrogen resources under nitrogen application

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1488-1500页

作者： XING Ting-ting CAI An-dong LU Chang-ai YE hong-ling wu hong-liang HUAI Sheng-chang WANG Jin-yu XU Ming-gang LIN Qi-mei Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable LandBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094P.R.China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)contains the largest proportion of biologically active nitrogen(N)in soil,and is considered as a crucial participant in soil N *** management practices such as crop rotation and monocropping systems,dramatically affect MBN in ***,the influence of crop rotation and monocropping in agroecosystems on MBN remains unclear.A meta-analysis based on 203 published studies was conducted to quantify the effect of crop rotation and mono-cropping systems on MBN under synthetic N fertilizer *** analysis showed that crop rotation significantly stimulated the response ratio(RR)of MBN to N fertilization and this parameter reached the highest levels in upland-fallow *** mono-cropping did not change the RR of MBN to N application,however,the RR of MBN to N application in paddy mono-cropping *** difference between crop rotation and mono-cropping systems appeared to be due to the various cropping management scenarios,and the pattern,rate and duration of N *** rotation systems led to a more positive effect on soil total N(TN)and a smaller reduction in soil pH than mono-cropping *** RR of MBN to N application was positively correlated with the RR of mineral N only in crop rotation systems and with the RR of soil pH only in mono-cropping *** the results of Random Forest(RF)model and structural equation model showed that the predominant driving factors of MBN changes in crop rotation systems were soil mineral N and TN,while in mono-cropping systems the main driving factor was soil ***,our study indicates that crop rotation can be an effective way to enhance MBN by improving soil N resources,which promote the resistance of MBN to low pH induced by intensive synthetic N fertilizer application.

关键词： microbial biomass nitrogen crop rotation systems mono-cropping systems synthetic nitrogen fertilizer meta-analysis

Integrated management of crop residue and nutrient enhances new carbon formation by regulating microbial taxa and enzymes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1772-1785页

作者： wu hong-liang CAI An-dong XING Ting-ting HUAI Sheng-chang ZHU Ping HAN Xiao-zeng XU Ming-gang LU Chang-ai Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable LandBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130033P.R.China Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102P.R.China College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031P.R.China

Although returning crop residue to fields is a recommended measure for improving soil carbon(C)stocks in agroecosystems,the response of newly formed soil C(NFC)to the integrated supply of residue and nutrients and the microbial mechanisms involved in NFC are not fully ***,an 84-day incubation experiment was conducted to ascertain the microbial mechanisms that underpin the NFC response to inputs of residue and nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and sulfur(S)in two black(Phaeozem)soils from experimental plots at Gongzhuling,Jilin Province and Hailun,Heilongjiang Province,*** results showed that adding residue alone accelerated microbial nutrient mining,which was supported by decreases of 8^(-1)6%in the ratios of C:N and C:P enzyme activities,relative to soils with nutrient *** NFC amounts increased from 1156 to 1722 mg kg^(−1) in Gongzhuling soil and from 725 to 1067 mg kg^(−1) in Hailun soil as the levels of nutrient supplementation *** regression tree analysis suggested thatβ-glucosidase(BG),acid phosphatase(AP),microbial biomass C(MBC),and Acidobacteria accounted for 27.8,18.5,14.7,and 8.1%,respectively,of the NFC in Gongzhuling soil and for 25.9,29.5,10.1,and 13.9%,respectively,of the NFC in Hailun *** analysis determined that Acidobacteria positively influenced NFC both directly and indirectly by regulating BG,AP,and MBC,in which MBC acquisition was regulated more by *** amount of NFC was lower in Hailun soil than in Gongzhuling soil and was directly affected by AP,indicating the importance of soil properties such as SOC and pH in determining ***,our results reveal the response of NFC to supplementation by N,P,and S,which depends on Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria,and their investment in BG and AP in residue-amended soil.

关键词： newly formed soil carbon extracellular enzyme activities gene abundance nutrient supplementation black soil

Hyperglycemia activates FGFR1 via TLR4/c-Src pathway to induce inflammatory cardiomyopathy in diabetes

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1693-1710页

作者： Xiong Chen Jinfu Qian Shiqi liang Jianchang Qian wu Luo Yujuan Shi hong Zhu Xiang Hu Gaojun wu Xiaokun Li Guang liang Department of Endocrinology the First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China Chemical Biology Research Center School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China Department of Wound Repair the First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 311399China

Protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) modulate a wide range of pathophysiological events in several non-malignant disorders, including diabetic complications. To find new targets driving the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we profiled an RTKs phosphorylation array in diabetic mouse hearts and identified increased phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (p-FGFR1) levels in cardiomyocytes, indicating that FGFR1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of DCM. Using primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cell lines, we discovered that high-concentration glucose (HG) transactivates FGFR1 kinase domain through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and c-Src, independent of FGF ligands. Knocking down the levels of either TLR4 or c-Src prevents HG-activated FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the elevated FGFR1 activity induces pro-inflammatory responses via MAPKs–NFκB signaling pathway in HG-challenged cardiomyocytes, which further results in fibrosis and hypertrophy. We then generated cardiomyocyte-specific FGFR1 knockout mice and showed that a lack of FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes prevents diabetes-induced cardiac inflammation and preserves cardiac function in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 by a selective inhibitor, AZD4547, also prevents cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These studies have identified FGFR1 as a new player in driving DCM and support further testing of FGFR1 inhibitors for possible cardioprotective benefits.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Protein tyrosine kinases FGFR1 Cardiomyocytes Inflammatory responses Toll-like receptor4 c-Src NFkB

Optical Microsphere Nano-Imaging:Progress and Challenges

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 102-123页

作者： Guangxing wu Minghui hong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China

The optical diffraction effect imposes a radical obstacle preventing conventional optical microscopes from achieving an imaging resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit and thereby restricting their usage in a multitude of nanoscale *** the past decade,the optical microsphere nanoimaging technique has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective solution for overcoming the diffraction limit and has achieved an imaging resolution of up to about k6k8 in a real-time and label-free manner,making it highly competitive among numerous super-resolution imaging *** this review,we summarize the underlying nano-imaging mechanisms of the microsphere nanoscope and key advancements aimed at imaging performance enhancement:first,to change the working environment or modify the peripheral hardware of a single microsphere nanoscope at the system level;second,to compose the microsphere compound lens;and third,to engineer the geometry or ingredients of *** also analyze challenges yet to be overcome in optical microsphere nano-imaging,followed by an outlook of this technique.

关键词： Microsphere Nano-imaging Virtual imaging Microsphere compound lens Engineered microsphere