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An annotated checklist of mammals of Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 3-52页

作者： Simon Musila Ara Monadjem Paul W.Webala Bruce D.Patterson Rainer Hutterer yvonne A.De Jong Thomas M.Butynski Geoffrey Mwangi Zhong-Zheng Chen Xue-Long Jiang Mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversit?t der Tiere Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University Sino-African Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Kenya has a rich mammalian fauna. We reviewed recently published books and papers including the six volumes of Mammals of Africa to develop an up-to-date annotated checklist of all mammals recorded from Kenya. A total of 390 species have been identified in the country, including 106 species of rodents,104 species of bats, 63 species of even-toed ungulates(including whales and dolphins), 36 species of insectivores and carnivores, 19 species of primates,five species of elephant shrews, four species of hyraxes and odd-toed ungulates, three species of afrosoricids, pangolins, and hares, and one species of aardvark, elephant, sirenian and hedgehog. The number of species in this checklist is expected to increase with additional surveys and as the taxonomic status of small mammals(e.g., bats, shrews and rodents) becomes better understood.

关键词： Checklist Rodents Bats Ungulate Carnivores Shrews Kenya

Competitive Sorption Behavior of Arsenic, Selenium, Copper and Lead by Soil and Biosolid Nano- and Macro-Colloid Particles

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第9期4卷 293-304页

作者： Jessique Ghezzi Anastasios Karathanasis Chris Matocha Jason Unrine yvonne Thompson Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

Limited information exists on natural nanocolloid sorption behavior of As, Se, Cu and Pb in the environment. They are expected to have variable competitive sorption characteristics depending on size and composition and may transport elevated contaminant loads into surface and ground waters. A comprehensive characterization of their interactions with contaminants could provide a better understanding of the risks they pose to the environment. This study evaluated the sorption behavior of soil and biosolid nano- and macro-colloids with different mineralogical compositions for As, Se, Cu, and Pb contaminants. Single- and multi-contaminant Freundlich isotherms were us- ed to evaluate sorption affinity for the contaminants among the different colloid sizes and compositions. Sorption trends based on size indicated greater affinity for As and Cu by the smectitic and kaolinitic nanocolloids, greater affinity for Pb by the kaolinitic nanocolloids, and greater affinity for As, Se and Pb by bio-nanocolloids over corresponding macrocolloid fractions. Both, single- and multi-contaminant isotherms indicated sorption preferences for cation over anion contaminants, but with somewhat contrasting sequences depending on size and composition. Multi-contaminant isotherms generally predicted greater sorption affinities likely due to bridging effects, particularly for anionic contaminants. Surface properties such as zeta potentials, cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area (SA), organic carbon (OC), and OC:SA significantly but variably affected sorption characteristics among the differing colloid sizes and compositions. Colloid zeta potential and pH shifts in the presence of different contaminant loads suggested prevalence of inner sphere bonding mechanisms for sorption of cation contaminants by mineral colloids and outer sphere sorption for cation and anion contaminants by bio-colloids.

关键词： Sorption Affinity Single-Contaminant Isotherms Multi-Contaminant Isotherms Size Effects Composition Effects

The prolactin-inducible-protein (PIP): A regulatory molecule in adaptive and innate immunity

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Open Journal of Immunology 2013年第4期3卷 210-217页

作者： Vivake Umadat Olivia Ihedioha Robert Shiu Jude Uzonna yvonne Myal Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

The Prolactin-inducible-protein (PIP)/Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) gene is highly expressed in salivary, lacrimal and sweat glands and the protein abundantly found in the secretions that originate from these glands;saliva, tears and sweat. PIP is thus considered to be strategically located at sites viewed as the first port of entry for invading organisms. PIP is also found over-expressed under abnormal and pathological conditions of the breast and prostate. The function of PIP has yet to be defined but it has been implicated to play a role in immunity, with respect to bacterial and viral infection, cancer and fertility. Despite such predictive functions, there is still no clear demonstration of an immunoregulatory role for PIP. In this review we will focus on accumulating evidence that suggests a role for PIP in both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, we will discuss recent evidence that defines a modulatory role for PIP with regards to a CD4+ T cell immune response, identifying for the first time, a critical role for PIP in effective cell-mediated immunity against an intracellular pathogen.

关键词： Prolactin-Inducible-Protein (PIP) Immunoregulation Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity

Nutritional Status of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from a Tropical Area of Bolivia, and Implications for Zinc Bioavailability

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 49-60页

作者： Claudia E. Lazarte Claudia Alegre Ernesto Rojas yvonne Granfeldt Biomedical Research Institute San Simon University Cochabamba Bolivia Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition Lund University Lund Sweden Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition Lund University Lund Sweden Food and Natural Products Center San Simon University Cochabamba Bolivia Department of Nutrition San Simon University Cochabamba Bolivia

Macro and micronutrient deficiencies are a significant problem among people in rural areas in developing countries. Deficiencies may lead to an impaired immune system making the organism vulnerable to infections and diseases. In this paper, the dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, zinc and copper levels in serum, of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are compared with a group of healthy controls and reference values. Results showed no significant differences in most nutrient intake or anthropometrics between patients and controls. However, serum zinc level of patients (80 μg/dl) was significantly lower (P 0.001) than in controls (85 μg/dl), likely explained by the presence of leishmaniasis. The median serum zinc level in both groups was below the reference values, even though their median zinc intake met the zinc recommendations from WHO. Consequently, besides the presence of leishmaniasis, serum zinc levels may be compromised by inhibitory components in their diet, such as phytates, as it is shown by the molar ratio phytate:zinc (Phy:Zn) that was between 11 and 19, while 15 is the level said to compromise zinc status. There were significant (P 0.05) negative correlations between serum zinc and Phy:Zn, for patients (r = - 0.413) and controls (r = - 0.410). In conclusion this study shows that patients with CL in Chapare, Bolivia had low serum zinc levels due to the leishmaniasis per se and the decreased zinc bioavailability in their diet. CL infection was not in direct association with the nutritional status indicated by the anthropometric or dietary assessments. However, dietary intake showed 5 essential nutrients below the nutrient recommendation in both groups.

关键词： Nutritional Status Leishmaniasis Dietary Intake Anthropometrics Zinc Bioavailability Phytates

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打开总统的礼物

中华手工 2008年第5期 128-131页

作者： yvonne

礼尚往来作为一次成功外交的开始,在体现对两国情谊用心的同时,也暗示着一个民族的工艺水平。究竟国家元首"能够带出门"的国礼是什么呢?

关键词：礼物总统工艺水平国家元首

Stability of Soil and Biosolid Nanocolloid and Macrocolloid Particles in the Absence and Presence of Arsenic, Selenium, Copper and Lead

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第7期4卷 246-258页

作者： Jessique Ghezzi Anastasios Karathanasis Chris Matocha Jason Unrine yvonne Thompson Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

Due to their enhanced stability and contaminant transport potential, environmental nanoparticles derived from soil and biosolid materials may pose a considerable risk to groundwater quality. Very little information exists on the stability and transportability of environmental or natural nanocolloids in the presence of As, Se, Pb and Cu contaminants, all of which are considered to represent substantial threats to human and animal populations through groundwater contamination. This study involved stability settling experiments of nanocolloids (NCs) ( mixed > kaolinitic > biosolid. Among the nano-fractions, the smectitic and kaolinitic colloids demonstrated lower stability than the MCs, but higher than those of the mixed and biosolid fractions. Physicochemical characterizations indicated that extensive organic carbon surface coatings and higher Al/Fe:Si ratios may have induced higher stability in the NC fractions, but their overall stability may also have been hindered in some cases by nano-aggregation phenomena.

关键词： Nanocolloids Macrocolloids Colloid Stability Contaminant Transport Nanoparticles

Postpartum Haemorrhage Following Unsupervised Labour: The Role of the Anaesthetist

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2012年第5期2卷 202-204页

作者： Longinus N. Ebirim Benjamin Lagiri Omiepirisa yvonne Buowari Department of Anaesthesiology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria.

Obstetric haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and sometimes the patients require anaesthesia in the course of treatment. A Para 3 Nigerian who delivered outside the hospital was rushed in to the hospital in a shocked state following a major obstetric haemorrhage. She was immediately resuscitated and general anaesthesia administered for hysterectomy. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine, intubation facilitated with suxamethonium and muscle relaxation maintained with 5 mg of atracurium while oxygen was administered. She received blood transfusion and the postoperative period was uneventful. There is need for emergency obstetric and anaesthetic services in developing and low income countries. There is need for continuous training in the administration of emergency anaesthesia to help reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. It is also necessary for blood bank services and antibiotics to be readily available.

关键词： Haemorrhage Anaesthesia Morbidity Mortality

Elucidating the Chemisorption Phenomena in SERS Studies via Computational Modeling

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2018年第6期8卷 212-234页

作者： yvonne E. Ejorh William H. Ilsley Beng Guat Ooi Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN USA

Colloidal gold solutions with nanostars and nanospheres as well as KlariteTM gold and gold-copper bimetallic substrates were used for SERS analysis of aniline and nitroaniline isomers to investigate their chemisorption phenomena. Computational modeling based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used in conjunction with the SERS analysis to study the adsorption behaviors of the analytes on metal surfaces. Gold nanospheres and KlariteTM samples produced about a 10-fold increase in signal enhancement compared to gold nanostars for the SERS analysis of aniline, nitroaniline isomers, and nitrobenzene. Signal enhancement is significantly greater for aniline compared to nitrobenzene and it is dependent on the proximity of the NH2 to the NO2 group for the nitroaniline isomers. Charge-transfer in chemisorbed analytes is an important contributing factor for SERS signal. The relative strengths of enhancement can be predicted by the DFT calculation of the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the analyte-metal cluster. Aniline and the three nitroaniline isomers showed stronger preference for the copper substrates if both the gold and copper substrates are present. The NO2 group in 2-nitroaniline has a very strong preference and affinity for the copper in the Au-Cu bimetallic cluster.

关键词： Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Nitroaniline Isomers Nanoparticles Charge-Transfer Chemisorption Density Functional Theory (DFT)

非授权频段LAA和WI-FI共存公平性的性能分析

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非授权频段LAA和WI-FI共存公平性的性能分析

作者：伊文（yvonne Uwamariya）北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

长期演进授权辅助接入(LTE-LAA)是3GPP在Rel-13中已经标准化的LTE未授权的第二种变体。由于LTE-LAA在与Wi-Fi共存时结合了授权和未授权频段的使用。因此,与LTE-U研讨会的LTE-U版本相比,它更具适应性和盈利性。由于在LAA的关闭期间之前,...

长期演进授权辅助接入(LTE-LAA)是3GPP在Rel-13中已经标准化的LTE未授权的第二种变体。由于LTE-LAA在与Wi-Fi共存时结合了授权和未授权频段的使用。因此,与LTE-U研讨会的LTE-U版本相比,它更具适应性和盈利性。由于在LAA的关闭期间之前,先听(LBT)机制使用监听的技术,并且结果是Wi-:Fi的开启时段。因此,与Wi-Fi共存时,授权的辅助访问使用授权和未授权频段。此外,监听机制目前遵循基于帧的设备(FBE)和基于负载的设备(LBE)共存方案的要求。最近实现LTE-LAA与Wi-Fi在授权和未授权频段共存的主要挑战是它受制于Wi-Fi性能。同时,Wi-Fi没有像LTE那样获得接入信道的机会,例如,Wi-Fi可以等待两个周期来接入信道,因为在这两个周期中LAA占用信道,每次一个竞争设备想要访问该频道,它必须在发送其数据之前监听频道空闲信息。由于授权辅助接入设备争用窗口与Wi-Fi相比较小,因此LAA比Wi-Fi多次访问该频道。因此,这会影响Wi-Fi,因为Wi-Fi会经历许多信道估计,另外它使两个异构设备之间的共存公平性较差。在本文中,我们评估Wi-Fi与LAA设备共存时LTE-LAA的公平性改善;即基于帧的设备和基于负载的设备机制(分别为FBE和LBE)在免授权频段中。通过matlab编程语言,我们分析了信道访问机会和公平指数以获得更好的性能。此外,我们对所有授权的辅助访问设备进行了调整,以便使所有竞争访问该频道的设备都能像Wi-Fi 一样退出,并且为了降低所有设备所需的时间延迟。第一次调整是对基于帧的设备(M-FBE)的修改,由此我们通过去除基于帧的设备传输时间的5%空闲时间来完成分析。因此,M-FBE仿真结果已经证明,与存在基于帧的设备传输周期的5%空闲周期时获得的结果相比,M-FBE的共存公平性提高了两倍。此外,我们仍然可以根据最有利的方式调整或修改前两个监听3GPP机制中的一个(LBE&FBE)方案,同时可以有助于提高基于帧的设备,负载时的公平性基于网络的设备与Wi-Fi共享相同的资源或者彼此共享资源。简而言之,在本研究中,我们使用基于框架的设备进行了修改,以比较当基于框架的设备仅经历退避机制和仍然经历退避机制但没有5%空闲时段时的仿真结果。以下是基于帧的设备与Wi-Fi或其他授权辅助访问共存的一些优势。公平性被提高到最大值,特别是90%,相比之下,它仍然适用5%的空闲时间,最小公平性指数在50%时不会低于该最小值,而基于框架的设备经历后退5%闲置期时公平性机制低于50%。因此,它解决了 FBE竞争窗口的问题,同时也解决了停机后的问题,对于没有5%空闲周期的改进型帧设备,当q值小时,结果不会受到很大影响,这里我们举例说明结果很好的q1等于4。此外,还存在与改进的基于帧的设备相关的缺点,例如:首先,基于帧的设备经历回退方案,它影响其工作原理,因为它不是这样设计的,正如我们在仿真结果中看到的,基于帧的设备有与Wi-Fi相同的影响信道效率的问题;同时,基于帧的设备通过增加其传输时间的5%的固定而减慢,此外,由于基于帧的设备将经历退避时间,所以它将延迟更多的处理。这是基于帧的设备不会与基于负载的设备和Wi-Fi相冲突,而基于帧的设备并不总是以LBE和Wi-Fi为主,因为现在所有设备都经历相同的延迟,但是对于Wi-Fi,它添加了 9秒的DIFS使FBE成为最后的过程,基于帧的设备经历了减缓速度的新工作原理,所有这些都使基于负载的设备成为最先的过程,这意味着它的竞争窗口与Wi-Fi和FBE相比较小。LBE的第二个修改是我们探索了何时竞争设备;即Wi-Fi和LAA设备尚未完成数据传输,但其传输时间已结束。因此,我们设定了 Wi-Fi或LAA设备可以在后面继续发送的条件,但是我们必须保持秩序并避免碰撞,所以如果下一个帧设备没有大量的数据传输,下一个设备在下一帧中同时恢复。而且,如果下一个设备也有大量数据要发送,它将保留该过程。同时,如果情况变得相反,系统将继续延长,直到它有机会恢复它。结果,通过第二次修改,共存公平性提高到约三倍甚至更多。另外,根据对Jain公平性指数的总体和平均值的模拟结果,第二种修正即基于负载的设备相对于之前的基于改进框架的设备的机制相当稳定,因为它的公平性在80%到85%的范围内变化。简而言之,在第二个贡献中修改的基于帧的设备的固定帧周期不变或恒定的事实并不意味着我们不能将它与其他设备即Wi-Fi和M-LBE。所以我们还可以在各个竞争接入信道的设备之间,即使用基于帧的设备和基于负载的设备和Wi-Fi的LAA设备之间进行变化。此外,还有更多的优点,如:降低系统的时间延迟,如果竞争设备中的一个设备的信息发送在估计时间之前完成,则将剩余时间用于具有大量信息发送的不同设备的下一帧。因此,确保稳

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