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Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 196-206页

作者： Yu Bon Man Ka Lai Chow Zhang Cheng Wing Yin Mo Yung Hau Chan James Chung Wah Lam Frankie Tat Kwong Lau Wing Cheong Fung ming hung wong Consortium on Health EnvironmentEducation and Research(CHEER)and Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong KongChina Department of Environmental Engineering Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution Croucher Institute for Environmental SciencesHong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina College of Environment Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health City University of Hong KongKowioon TongHong KongChina The Drainage Services Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong KongChina

Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works （SCISTW and STSTW） in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment, respectively. This study aimed at （1） determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs, （2） comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and （3） characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants （STPs）. Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes （from 301 ± 255 and 307 ± 217 ns/L to 14.9 ± 12.1 and 63.3 ± 54.1 ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively）. It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal effidency 94.4% ± 4.12% us. 79.2% ± 7.48% （p 〈 0.05）. The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples （dewatered sludge contained 92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively） than liquid samples （final efffluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively）. Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs （1.85 and 39.3 ks/year, respectively for the two STPs） being discharged into Hone Kon coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.

关键词： Sewage treatment plantsPAHsRemoval efficiencySludgeSewage

Simultaneous inference of phenotype-associated genes and relevant tissues from GWAS data via Bayesian integration of multiple tissue-specific gene networks

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2017年第6期9卷 436-452页

作者： Mengmeng Wu Zhixiang Lin Shining Ma Ting Chen Rui Jiang Wing hung wong Department of Computer Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084 China Department of Statistics Stanford University CA 94305 USA Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Although genome-wide association studies （GWAS） have successfully identified thousands of genomic loci associated with hun- dreds of complex traits in the past decade, the debate about such problems as missing heritabiUty and weak interpretability has been appealing for effective computational methods to facilitate the advanced analysis of the vast volume of existing and antici- pated genetic data. Towards this goal, gene-tevel integrative GWAS analysis with the assumption that genes associated with a phenotype tend to be enriched in biological gene sets or gene networks has recently attracted much attention, due to such advan- tages as straightforward interpretation, tess multiple testing burdens, and robustness across studies. However, existing methods in this category usually exploit non-tissue-specific gene networks and thus lack the ability to utilize informative tissue-specific characteristics. To overcome this limitation, we proposed a Bayesian approach called SIGNET （Simultaneously Inference of GeNEs and Tissues） to integrate GWAS data and multiple tissue-specific gene networks for the simultaneous inference of phenotype- associated genes and relevant tissues. Through extensive simulation studies, we showed the effectiveness of our method in find- ing both associated genes and relevant tissues for a phenotype. In applications to real GWAS data of 14 complex phenotypes, we demonstrated the power of our method in both deciphering genetic basis and discovering biological insights of a phenotype. With this understanding, we expect to see SIGNET as a valuable tool for integrative GWAS analysis, thereby boosting the preven- tion, diagnosis, and treatment of human inherited diseases and eventually facilitating precision medicine.

关键词： GWAS tissue-specific gene networks Markov random field

Phenolic constituents and anticancer properties of Morus alba(white mulberry) leaves

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第3期18卷 189-195页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin wong Joseph Tangah Tomomi Inoue hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University Malaysia43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Forest Research Centre Sabah Forestry Department90009 SandakanSabahMalaysia Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)OnogawaTsukuba 305-0053Japan Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

Flavonoids are by far the most dominant class of phenolic compounds isolated from Morus alba leaves(MAL). Other classes of compounds are benzofurans, phenolic acids, alkaloids, coumarins, chalcones and stilbenes. Major flavonoids are kuwanons, moracinflavans, moragrols and morkotins. Other major compounds include moracins(benzofurans), caffeoylquinic acids(phenolic acids) and morachalcones(chalcones). Research on the anticancer properties of MAL entailed in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of extracts or isolated compounds. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones and alkaloids are classes of compounds from MAL that have been found to be cytotoxic towards human cancer cell lines. Further studies on the phytochemistry and anticancer of MAL are suggested. Sources of information were Pub Med,Pub Med Central, Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, J-Stage, Pub Chem and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.

关键词： Flavonoids Benzofurans Cytotoxic Moracins Morachalcones Chalcomoracin

Alpinia zerumbet, a ginger plant with a multitude of medicinal properties： An update on its research findings

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第11期26卷 775-788页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin wong hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Science Monash University Sunway Petaling Jaya 46150 Selangor Malaysia Secretariat International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems c/o Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus 903-0129 Okinawa Japan

In this review, the botany and uses of Alpinia zerumbet(yan shan jiang) are described, and the current knowledge of its phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and clinical trials is summarized. An important ginger crop in East Asia, A. zerumbet has many uses, both medicinal and non-medicinal. Leaves are used to produce essential oils and herbal teas. Rhizomes are consumed as spices, and stem fibers are made into paper, fabrics, and handicrafts. In Brazil, tea from A. zerumbet leaves is believed to have hypotensive, diuretic, and anti-ulcerogenic properties. This species possesses many medicinal properties due to its chemical constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, kava pyrones, sterols, and terpenoids. Extracts of A. zerumbet display antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anthelmintic, tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging, anti-glycation, integrase and neuraminidase inhibitory, lifespan prolongation, hair growth promotion, anticancer, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-platelet, osteoblastic, osteogenic, thrombolytic, and cardiac arrhythmogenic activities. Essential oils of A. zerumbet leaves have antimicrobial, larvicidal, antinociceptive, hypotensive, vasorelaxant, myorelaxant, antispasmodic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-neuraminidase, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging, anti-melanogenic, anti-tyrosinase, cytoprotective, cardiodepressive, antipsychotic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue healing activities. Clinical trials conducted in Brazil showed that extracts of A. zerumbet have hypotensive and diuretic effects whereas topical application of the essential oil has positive therapeutic effects on patients with fibromyalgia. Spanning two continents of Asia and South America, A. zerumbet is truly a multi-purpose ginger plant with promising medicinal properties.

关键词： Alpinia zerumbet Shell ginger Phytochemistry Pharmacology Clinical trials

An Overview of Chemical Constituents, Medicinal Properties, Clinical Trials, and Patents of Twigs of Morus alba(Ramulus Mori)

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 149-158页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan hung Tuck Chan Siu Kuin wong Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI UniversityCherasKuala LumpurMalaysia Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangorMalaysia

The rich chemical constituents and diverse pharmacological properties of Ramulus Mori(RM) or the twig of Morus alba with evidence supported by clinical trials and patents are reviewed. Known as Sangzhi in Chinese, RM is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gout, arthritis, and rheumatism. Chemical constituents include flavonoids, benzofurans, alkaloids, stilbenes, chalcones, phenolic acids, and coumarins. Bioactivities of RM include antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, neuroprotective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, renoprotective, antihyperuricemic, analgesic, antifungal, DNA protective, anticancer, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-hair aging, anti-arthritic, and antiplatelet aggregation properties. The most active compounds from RM are mulberrin, oxyresveratrol, and mulberroside A. All four clinical trials on RM are focused on the treatment of diabetes. The patents entail using RM extracts as cosmetics for skin whitening and as agents for hypoglycemia. Topics for further research on RM are suggested.

关键词： Clinical trials mulberrin mulberroside A oxyresveratrol patents Sangzhi

Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides:An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第1期31卷 1-12页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin wong hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

Genipin and geniposide are iridoids from the fruits of Gardenia *** compounds have a methyl acetate(-COOCH_(3))group at C4 and a hydroxyl(-OH)group at *** an iridoid glucoside with a glucose moiety at C1,geniposide is also known as genipin-1-O-β-*** the glucose moiety,genipin is an iridoid and the aglycone of ***-OH group at C1 of genipin is responsible for its cytotoxic *** without the-OH group at C1 lacks the cytotoxic *** are more publications on the anti-cancer properties of genipin than *** have reported the potentiation of genipin when used in combination with anti-cancer *** anti-cancer properties of geniposide have been investigated using human intestinal microflora that hydrolyzes geniposide to *** genipin and geniposide exert antiproliferative and apoptotic activities via different molecular targets and *** pharmacological properties of genipin and geniposide include antidepressant,antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,anti-obesity,anti-thrombotic,hepatoprotective,and neuroprotective *** research on genipin and geniposide is suggested.

关键词： Iridoid Iridoid glucoside Anti-cancer Cytotoxicity

An overview of Pu-erh tea and its health-promoting effects of lipid-lowering and anti-obesity

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021年第8期30卷 623-633页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin wong hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 Cher asKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

As a dark tea,Pu-erh tea(PET)is produced from sun-dried leaves of Camellia sinensis *** mainly in Yunnan Province of *** microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of *** them,Aspergillus niger is most *** is believed that the longer the preservation period,the better is the quality and taste of PET,which is commercially available as loose,compressed or instant tea *** components of PET include flavones,flavanols,flavonols,phenolic acids,alkaloids and *** this overview,the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects of PET were discussed based on animal models and human trials,and our study provided some insights into possible mechanisms of bioactive compounds,such as theabrownin,catechins,lovastatin and gallic *** bioactivities of PET and some information on Fuzhuan brick tea were also *** of information cited were from Google Scholar,Pub Med,Pub Med Central,Science Direct,J-Stage,Pub Chem,Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).

关键词： Pu-erh tea Fuzhuan brick tea Fermentation Lipid-lowering Anti-obesity

Chronic ulcerative gastroduodenitis as a first gastrointestinal manifestation of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in a 10-year-old child

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第18期14卷 2939-2941页

作者： Anselm Chi-Wai Lee Kin-hung Poon Wing-Hong Lo Lap-Gate wong Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine Tuen Mun Hospital New Territories Hong Kong 999077 China Department of Clinical Pathology Tuen Mun Hospital New Territories Hong Kong 999077 China

A 10-year-old Chinese boy who had a history of congenital thrombocytopathy presented with severe iron deficiency anemia secondary to chronic gastric inflammation and duodenal ulcerations. Subtle oculocutaneous albinism led to the finding of diminished dense bodies in the platelets under electron microscopy, hence the diagnosis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Biopsies from the stomach and duodenum revealed a lymphocytic infiltration in the submucosa, but H pylori infection was absent. The gastroduodenitis responded to the treatment with omeprazole while iron deficiency anemia was corrected by oral iron therapy. HPS is a rare cause of congenital bleeding disorder with multisystemic manifestations. Upper gastrointestinal involvement is rare and should be distinguished from a mere manifestation of the bleeding diathesis.

关键词： Albinism Duodenal ulceration Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Thrombocytopathy

Impact of antiviral therapy on post-hepatectomy outcome for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6006-6012页

作者： Charing Ching Ning Chong Grace Lai hung wong Paul Bo San Lai Division of Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of Surgery Prince of Wales Hospital the Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales Hospital the Chinese University of Hong Kong

The outcome after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains unsatisfactory due to the high recurrence rate after *** patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related HCC,which is the majority of patients with HCC in Asia,a high viral load is a strong risk factor for HCC *** is logical to believe that antiviral therapy may improve the postoperative outcome by promoting viral clearance and hepatocyte regeneration,as well as improving residual liver volume in HCC patients with hepatitis ***,the effect of antiviral therapy on clinical outcomes after liver resection in patients with HBV-related HCC remains to be *** are two main groups of antiviral treatment for HBV-oral nucleos(t)ide analogues and *** treatment reduces the overall incidence of HBV-related HCC in sustained ***,side effects may limit its long-term clinical ***(t)ide analogues carry fewer side effects and are potent in terms of viral suppression when compared to interferon and are typically implemented for patients with more advanced liver *** may also improve the outcome after curative resection for HBV-related *** are increasing evidence to suggest that antiviral therapy could suppress HBV,decrease the perioperative reactivation of viral replication,reduce liver injury,preserve the liver function before and after operation,and may lower the risk of HCC *** all,antiviral therapy may improve the survival after liver resection by reducing recurrence and delaying the liver damage by the virus,resulting in a higher chance of receiving aggressive salvage therapy during HCC recurrence.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Hepatitis B infection Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatectomy Liver resection Outcome