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Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Natural and Artificial Carbonaceous Substrates on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

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journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1773-1786页

作者： jürgen Kern judy Libra Christian Ammon York Neubauer Wenceslau Teixeira Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V.(ATB) Potsdam14469Germany TCKON Engineering Services Dr.-Ing.York Neubauer Berlin13088Germany Embrapa Soils Rio de Janeiro24600-000Brazil

The emissions of two greenhouse gases(GHG),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and nitrous oxide(N2O),from six substrates with different carbonaceous content were compared in short and long-term incubation *** natural soils and three artificial chars were mixed with carbon(C)poor soil(Cambisol)to simulate real conditions after application of char to *** natural soils were a Cambisol,an Anthrosol and a Histosol with C contents of 1.3%,4.4%and 13.2%,*** three chars produced through thermal conversion of wood chips by hydrothermal carbonisation(HTC),fluidized bed gasification and pyrolysis had C contents of 56.9%,75.4%and 79.9%,*** rates of CO_(2)and N2O from the rewetted substrates were measured by gas chromatography over a short time of 72 h and over a long period of nearly two *** short-term CO_(2)emissions from the natural soils showed a clear relationship to their C *** emission rate for the Histosol/Cambisol mixture was three times higher than that for the pure Cambisol,77.1 vs.23.5 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)organic matter(OM)per *** C emission rates for the char/Cambisol mixtures were much lower,ranging between 3.0 and 9.1 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1),and did not correspond to their total C *** between the two incubation lengths showed that the long-term CO_(2)emission rates were generally one order of magnitude lower than the short-term *** final emission rates for natural substrates over a period of two years were still twice those for artificial char substrates,between 2.2–3.5 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1)and 1.3–1.8 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1),*** the contents of total nitrogen(Ntot)and extractable nitrogen(Nmin)were considerable in the chars under study,enhanced N2O release was not observed in the incubation ***,N2O emission rates in the three mixtures of chars and Cambisol were lower by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the pure Cambisol in

关键词： Biochar HTC char incubation experiment GHG carbon stability

Preface: Metamorphism and Orogenic Belts——Response from Micro-to Macro-Scale

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journal of Earth Science 2019年第6期30卷 1075-1083页

作者： Xu-Ping Li Hans-Peter Schertl jürgen Reinhardt Shandong Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Ruhr-University Bochum Institute of GeologyMineralogy and GeophysicsD-44780 BochumGermany College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Department of Earth Sciences University of the Western CapeBellville 7535South Africa

The geological toolbox for the analysis of orogenic processes has seen substantial additions over the recent *** advances have been made in the ability to simulate geological conditions and processes by computer modeling,we have a much improved knowledge of geochemical processes(trace elements and isotopes in particular),and,last but not least,the range and versatility of micro-analytical methods and instrumentation available to us has been expanded *** latter aspect has had a particular impact on metamorphic petrology as the conventional tools to determine pressure-temperaturetime paths via rock and mineral analysis combined with isotope geochronology have generally gained in precision and accuracy through a much improved *** has moved from whole-grain analysis to spot analyses on zoned single grains while analyzing trace elements and isotopes at the same *** is therefore possible to recognize complex multi-stage orogenic events in single samples or single *** profiles in minerals provide us with time-scales of metamorphic and magmatic *** and trace elements as well as isotope profiles of mineral grains give us insight into changing ambient conditions during mineral *** special issue focuses on pressure-temperature conditions and geochronology of metamorphic rocks,isotope studies of magmatic rocks,partial melting and metasomatic processes,all with a view at tectonic implications and *** of the evidence has been gained from small-scale observation and *** field work and detailed microscopic examination remain indispensable,though,as demonstrated clearly by the"expansion"of the P-T space as applicable to crustal metamorphic processes towards extreme pressures and *** a consequence,much interest has thus focused on UHP and UHT rocks and the orogenic processes that generate *** is petrological evidence for subduction to,and subsequent exhumation fr

关键词： orogeny metasomatism UHP metamorphism UHT metamorphism geochemistry geochronology

Working models for the gravitational field of Phobos

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第2期55卷 358-364页

作者： SHI Xian WILLNER Konrad OBERST jürgen PING jinSong YE ShuHua Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy ofSciencesShanghai 200030China Departmentfor Geodesy and Geoinformation Science Technical University BerlinBerlin 10623Germany Institute of Planetary Research Planetary GeodesyGerman Aerospace CenterBerlin 12489Germany

Models for the gravitational field of Mars moon Phobos were developed using the latest shape model and assuming homogeneous density *** methods were applied in our *** were made between these methods and all were shown to yield consistent ***,the most accurate shape model of Phobos to date,complete up to degree and order 17 was used for the first time in our analysis.A set of spherical harmonic coefficients up to degree and order 17 were derived for the gravitational field of *** considered was the gravitational field on the surface of *** characteristics as well as some pronounced surface features of this irregular-shaped small body could be conveniently *** results are readily applicable for such purposes as spacecraft orbit analysis and assessing the dynamical environment of Phobos.

关键词： Phobos gravitational field forward modeling

Editorial for Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology

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Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology 2017年第1期1卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： Zhang Baichun jürgen Renn Institute for the History of Natural Sciences CASBeijing 100190China Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin 14195Germany

Chinese science and technology have interacted with other cultural traditions,both directly and indirectly,for thousands of *** ongoing discussions of“Silk Road,”or rather“Silk Roads”are emblematic of knowledge dissemination and the global connectivity of Chinese *** Chinese science and technology can be understood as the product of practical,technical and theoretical knowledge developments in China,and an exchange with Western learning and other knowledge *** distinctive history of Chinese science and technology can help us to understand how science and technology emerges and evolves and how it is communicated in globalization *** sources and new archaeological discoveries in China have been intensively studied since the beginning of the twentieth *** results of this research,however,have been published mainly in Chinese,so that the vast majority of results and historical data remain unknown to the international community.

关键词： discussions History knowledge

Assessing risks and uncertainties in forest dynamics under different management scenarios and climate change

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 169-189页

作者： Matthias Albert jan Hansen jürgen Nagel Matthias Schmidt Hermann Spellmann Northwest German Forest Research Station

Background: Forest management faces a climate induced shift in growth potential and increasing current and emerging new risks. Vulnerability analysis provides decision support based on projections of natural resources taking risks and uncertainties into account. In this paper we(1) characterize differences in forest dynamics under three management scenarios,(2) analyse the effects of the three scenarios on two risk factors, windthrow and drought stress, and(3) quantify the effects and the amount of uncertainty arising from climate projections on height increment and drought ***: In four regions in northern Germany, we apply three contrasting management scenarios and project forest development under climate change until 2070. Three climate runs(minimum, median, maximum) based on the emission scenario RCP 8.5 control the site-sensitive forest growth functions. The minimum and maximum climate run define the range of prospective climate ***: The projections of different management regimes until 2070 show the diverging medium-term effects of thinnings and harvests and long-term effects of species conversion on a regional scale. Examples of windthrow vulnerability and drought stress reveal how adaptation measures depend on the applied management path and the decision-maker’s risk attitude. Uncertainty analysis shows the increasing variability of drought risk projections with time. The effect of climate projections on height growth are quantified and uncertainty analysis reveals that height growth of young trees is dominated by the age-trend whereas the climate signal in height increment of older trees is ***: Drought risk is a serious issue in the eastern regions independent of the applied silvicultural scenario,but adaptation measures are limited as the proportion of the most drought tolerant species Scots pine is already high. Windthrow risk is no serious overall threat in any region, but adequate counter-measures such as spec

关键词： Climate change Silvicultural management strategies

Influence of unrecorded alcohol consumption on liver cirrhosis mortality

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7217-7222页

作者： Dirk W Lachenmeier Yulia B Monakhova jürgen Rehm Epidemiological Research Unit Institute for Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyTechnische Universit?t Dresden01187 DresdenGermany Chemisches und Veterin?runtersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe 76187 KarlsruheGermany Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) TorontoON M5S 2S1Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoON M5T 3M7Canada

Unrecorded alcohol includes illegally distributed alcohol as well as homemade or surrogate alcohol which is unintended for consumption by humans(e.g.,cosmetics containing alcohol).The highest unrecorded alcohol consumption occurs in Eastern Europe and some of these countries have an over proportional liver cirrhosis *** besides ethanol have been hypothesized as being responsible for this *** the other hand,chemical investigations were unable to prove that unrecorded alcohol regularly contains contaminants above toxicological ***,illegally produced spirits regularly contain higher percentages of alcohol(above 45%by volume),but for considerably less costs compared with licit beverages,potentially causing more problematic patterns of *** this review,it is investigated whether patterns of drinking rather than product composition can explain the liver cirrhosis mortality *** examination of World Health Organization country data shows that the originally detected correlation of the percentage of unrecorded alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality rates disappears when the data is adjusted for the prevalence of heavy episodic *** may be concluded that there is currently a lack of data to demonstrate causality between the composition of illicit spirits(e.g.,higher levels of certain contaminants in home-produced products)and liver toxicity on a population *** may be cases of poisoning with antiseptic liquids containing compounds such as polyhexamethyleneguanidine,which were reported to be consumed as surrogate alcohol in Russia,leading to an outbreak of acute cholestatic liver injury,histologically different from conventional alcoholic liver disease.

关键词： Epidemiology Liver cirrhosis Alcoholic beverages Unrecorded alcohol Risk assessment

Diversity, regeneration status and population structure of gum-and resin-bearing woody species in south Omo zone, southern Ethiopia

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journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 319-328页

作者： Muhamed Adem Adefires Worku Mulugeta Lemenih Wubalem Tadesse jürgen Pretzsch Madawalabu University Technical University of Dresden Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Forestry Research Sector

South Omo Administrative Zone in Ethiopia is home to 18 indigenous ethnic groups whose livelihood is vulnerable due to recurrent drought and degradation. Despite the preliminary observation showing the rich dry-forest resource base that, if sustainably managed could enhance livelihoods and biodiversity conservation, there is lack of empirical data on its current status. We conducted a study aiming at quantifying the population status of gum- and resin-bearing species in two randomly selected districts, Hamer and Bena-Tsemay. Seventy-five quadrats （35 at Hamer and 40 at Bena-Tsemay） each measuring 400 m2 were established along line transects to assess species diversity and equitability, density, frequency, dominance, importance value and population structure. We recorded a total of 27 woody species of 12 families and 14 genera. Fifteen species （9 at Hamer and 14 at Bena-Tsemay） of the genera Acacia, Boswellia, Commiphora and Sterculia, were identified as either major sources of commercial gums and resins or their adulterants. Gum- and resin-bearing species comprised 56% and 57% of species richness, 48% and 50% of total density per ha, 95% and 98% of basal area, and 64% and 56% of importance values at Hamer and Bena-Tsemay, respectively. Diversity of the entire woody species assemblage and of the gum- and resin-bearing species was slightly higher at Bena-Tsemay （H= 2.61, 1.4） than at Hamer （H＇= 2.48, 1.28）, respectively. The diversity and abundance of the resource base suggest potential for development of value-added commercialization of gum and resins to enhance livelihoods and encourage sustainable management of the forest at these study areas. We recorded, however, declining natural regeneration of most gum- and resin-bearing species, and this calls for integrated and participatory species management and landscape rehabilitation.

关键词： Acacia Boswellia Commiphora Sterculia gum and resins population status southern Ethiopia

Chatter identification of thin-walled parts for intelligent manufacturing based on multi-signal processing

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Advances in Manufacturing 2021年第1期9卷 22-33页

作者： Dong-Dong Li Wei-Min Zhang Yuan-Shi Li Feng Xue jürgen Fleischer School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804People's Republic of China Bosch Rexroth Endowed Chair for Automation&Electrification Solutions Sino-German College for Postgraduate StudyTongji UniversityShanghai 201804People's Republic of China China North Engine Research Institute Tianjin 300400People's Republic of China WBK Institute of Production Science Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

Machine chatter is still an unresolved and challenging issue in the milling process,and developing an online chatter identification and process monitoring system towards smart manufacturing is an urgent *** this paper,two indicators of chatter detection are *** is the real-time variance of milling force signals in the time domain,and the other one is the wavelet energy ratio of acceleration signals based on wavelet packet decomposition in the frequency ***,a novel classification concept for vibration condition,called slight chatter,is proposed and integrated successfully into the designed multi-classification support vector machine(SVM)***,a mapping model between image and chatter indicators is established via a distance threshold on the *** multi-SVM model is trained by the results of three signals as an *** data and detection accuracy of the SVM model are verified in actual *** identification accuracy of 96.66%has proved that the proposed solution is feasible and *** presented method can be used to select optimized milling parameters to improve machining process stability and strengthen manufacturing system monitoring.

关键词： Chatter Milling force Acceleration Wavelet packet decomposition Multi-sensor

Cuticular hydrocarbons in two parapatric species of ants and their hybrid

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 259-265页

作者： Mohamed EL-SHEHABY Mohamed Sayed SALAMA Elisabeth BRUNNER jürgen HEINZE Biologie I University of RegensburgRegensburgGermany Department of Entomology Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt

Discrimination between nestmates and non-nestmates in social insects is thought to rely on the pattern of cuticular *** investigated the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of 2 parapatric sibling ant species,Temnothorax nylanderi(Förster,1850)and Temnothorax crassispinus(Karavaiev,1926),and their *** found that although the profiles show considerable similarities,a discriminant analysis based on the relative peak areas of cuticular hydrocarbons separates the 3 *** profiles of hybrids were not consistently intermediate between those of the paternal species,suggesting either non-additive interactions among the parental biosynthetic pathways or systematic differ-ences in environment-derived odor cues.

关键词： colony odor cuticular hydrocarbons hybridization Temnothorax