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Optimization of nitrogen fertilization improves rice quality by affecting the structure and physicochemical properties of starch at high yield levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1576-1592页

作者： ZHOU Tian-yang LI zhi-kang LI En-peng wang Wei-lu YUAN Li-min ZHANG Hao LIU Li-jun wang zhi-qin GU Jun-fei YANG Jian-chang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

A major challenge in modern rice production is to achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental *** study was designed to determine whether optimized nitrogen(N)fertilization could fulfill these multiple *** two-year experiments,two high yielding‘super’rice cultivars were grown with different N fertilization management regimes,including zero N input,local farmers’practice(LFP)with heavy N inputs,and optimized N fertilization(ONF).In ONF,by reducing N input,increasing planting density,and optimizing the ratio of urea application at different stages,N use efficiency and the physicochemical and textural properties of milled rice were improved at higher yield *** with LFP,yield and partial factor productivity of applied N(PFP)under ONF were increased(on average)by 1.70 and 13.06%,*** increased starch and amylose content,and significantly decreased protein *** contents of the short chains of A chain(degree of polymerization(DP)6-12)and B1 chain(DP 13-25)of amylopectin were significantly increased under ONF,which resulted in a decrease in the stability of rice starch *** increased viscosity values and improved the thermodynamic properties of starch,which resulted in better eating and cooking quality of the ***,ONF could substantially compensate the negative effects caused by N fertilizer and achieve the multiple goals of higher grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)at high yield *** results will be useful for applications of high quality rice production at high yield levels.

关键词： nitrogen fertilization rice starch starch structure physicochemical properties chain length distribution

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Grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and physiological performance of indica/japonica hybrid rice in response to various nitrogen rates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 63-79页

作者： ZHOU Qun YUAN Rui ZHANG Wei-yang GU Jun-fei LIU Li-jun ZHANG Hao wang zhi-qin YANG Jian-chang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Utilizing the heterosis of indica/japonica hybrid rice(IJHR)is an effective way to further increase rice grain *** application of nitrogen(N)fertilizer plays a very important role in using the heterosis of IJHR to achieve its great yield ***,the responses of the grain yield and N utilization of IJHR to N application rates and the underlying physiological mechanism remain *** purpose of this study was to clarify these *** rice cultivars currently used in rice production,an IJHR cultivar Yongyou 2640(YY2640),a japonica cultivar Lianjing 7(LJ-7)and an indica cultivar Yangdao 6(YD-6),were grown in the field with six N rates(0,100,200,300,400,and 500 kg ha^(-1))in 2018 and *** results showed that with the increase in N application rates,the grain yield of each test cultivar increased at first and then decreased,and the highest grain yield was at the N rate of 400 kg ha^(-1)for YY2640,with a grain yield of 13.4 t ha^(-1),and at 300 kg ha^(-1)for LJ-7 and YD-6,with grain yields of 9.4–10.6 t ha^(-1).The grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)of YY2640 were higher than those of LJ-7 or YD-6 at the same N rate,especially at the higher N *** compared with LJ-7 or YD-6,YY2640 exhibited better physiological traits,including greater root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rate,higher cytokinin content in the roots and leaves,and more remobilization of assimilates from the stem to the grain during grain *** results suggest that IJHR could attain both higher grain yield and higher NUE than inbred rice at either low or high N application *** shoot and root traits of the IJHR contribute to its higher grain yield and NUE,and a higher content of cytokinins in the IJHR plants plays a vital role in their responses to N application rates and also benefits other physiological processes.

关键词： indica/japonica hybrid rice grain yield nitrogen use efficiency cytokinins non-structural carbohydrate root activity

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Deciphering the morpho–physiological traits for high yield potential in nitrogen efficient varieties(NEVs):A japonica rice case study

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 947-963页

作者： ZHU Kuan-yu YAN Jia-qian SHEN Yong ZHANG Wei-yang XU Yun-ji wang zhi-qin YANG Jian-chang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

The use of nitrogen(N)-efficient rice(Oryza sativa L.) varieties could reduce excessive N input without sacrificing yields. However, the plant traits associated with N-efficient rice varieties have not been fully defined or comprehensively explored. Here, three japonica N-efficient varieties(NEVs) and three japonica N-inefficient varieties(NIVs) of rice were grown in a paddy field under N omission(0 N, 0 kg N ha^(-1)) and normal N(NN, 180 or 200 kg N ha^(-1)) treatments. Results showed that NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) than NIVs under both treatments, due to improved sink size and filled-grains percentage in the former which had higher root oxidation activity and greater root dry weight, root length and root diameter at panicle initiation(PI), as well as higher spikelet-leaf ratio and more productive tillers during the grain-filling stage. Compared with NIVs, NEVs also exhibited enhanced N translocation and dry matter accumulation after heading and improved flag leaf morpho-physiological traits, including greater leaf thickness and specific leaf weight and higher contents of ribulose^(-1),5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, chlorophyll, nitrogen, and soluble sugars, leading to better photosynthetic performance. Additionally, NEVs had a better canopy structure, as reflected by a higher ratio of the extinction coefficient for effective leaf N to the light extinction coefficient, leading to enhanced canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. These improved agronomic and physiological traits were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield and internal NUE, which could be used to select and breed N-efficient rice varieties.

关键词： rice N-efficient varieties nitrogen use efficiency root morpho–physiological traits nitrogen translocation leaf morphology canopy structure

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Measurement of the high energyγ-rays from heavy ion reactions usingČerenkov detector

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 123-130页

作者： Da-Wei Si Yan Zhou Sheng Xiao zhi qin Dong Guo Yu-Hao qin Yi-Jie wang Bo-Yuan Zhang Bai-Ting Tian zhi-Gang Xiao Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The energetic bremsstrahlung photons up to 100 MeV produced in heavy ion collisions can be used as a sensitive probe for short-range correlation in atomic nuclei. The energy of the γ-rays can be measured by collecting the Čerenkov light in the medium induced by the fast electrons generated in the Compton scattering or electromagnetic shower of the incident γray. Two types of detectors based on pure water and lead glass as sensitive materials were designed for this purpose. The γresponse and optical photon propagation in the detectors were simulated based on electromagnetic and optical processes in Geant4. The inherent energy resolutions of 0.022(4) + 0.51(2)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for water and 0.0026(3) + 0.446(3)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for lead glass were obtained. The geometry sizes of the lead glass and water were optimized to 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm ×120 cm, respectively, to detect high-energy γ-rays at 160 MeV. The Hough transform method was applied to reconstruct the direction of the incident γ-rays, providing the ability to experimentally distinguish the high-energy γ-rays produced in the reactions on the target from random background cosmic-ray muons.

关键词： Bremsstrahlungγ-rays Čerenkov Geant4 Energy resolution Direction reconstruction Hough transform

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Ultra-Robust and High-Performance Rotational Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Bearing Charge Pumping

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 347-353页

作者： Xianpeng Fu Yuhan qin zhi Zhang Guoxu Liu Jie Cao Beibei Fan Zhaozheng wang Zheng wang Chi Zhang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micronano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University

As an emerging technology to convert environmental high-entropy energy into electrical energy, triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG) has great demands for further enhancing the service lifetime and output performance in practical applications. Here, an ultra-robust and high-performance rotational triboelectric nanogenerator(R-TENG) by bearing charge pumping is proposed. The R-TENG composes of a pumping TENG(P-TENG), an output TENG(O-TENG), a voltage-multiplying circuit(VMC), and a buffer *** P-TENG is designed with freestanding mode based on a rolling ball bearing, which can also act as the rotating mechanical energy harvester. The output low charge from the P-TENG is accumulated and pumped to the noncontact O-TENG, which can simultaneously realize ultralow mechanical wear and high output performance. The matched instantaneous power of R-TENG is increased by 32 times under 300 r/min. Furthermore, the transferring charge of R-TENG can remain 95% during 15 days(6.4 × 10～6cycles)continuous operation. This work presents a realizable method to further enhance the durability of TENG, which would facilitate the practical applications of high-performance TENG in harvesting distributed ambient micro mechanical energy.

关键词： bearing charge pumping triboelectric nanogenerators ultralow mechanical wear ultra-robust voltage-multiplying circuit

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心房颤动首次导管射频消融术患者趋化素与半乳糖凝集素-3和内脂素水平与术后复发的关联性及临床意义评价

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中国心血管病研究 2024年第3期22卷 261-266页

作者：周涛龚萍徐敏王志琴李双菲张大勇四川绵阳四○四医院心血管内科四川省绵阳市621000

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)首次导管射频消融术患者趋化素(chemerin)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Gal-3)、内脂素(visfatin)水平与术后复发的关联性及临床意义。方法选取四川绵阳四○四医院2021年9月至2023年8月首次行导管射频消融术的105例房颤患者... 详细信息

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)首次导管射频消融术患者趋化素(chemerin)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Gal-3)、内脂素(visfatin)水平与术后复发的关联性及临床意义。方法选取四川绵阳四○四医院2021年9月至2023年8月首次行导管射频消融术的105例房颤患者进行前瞻性队列研究,随访3个月根据有无复发分为复发组和未复发组。比较两组基线资料、术前Chemerin、Gal-3及visfatin水平,logistic回归分析复发的预警因素,以方差膨胀因子和容忍度评价logistic回归分析是否存在多重共线性问题,以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各相关因素对复发的预测价值,以精准-召回(PR)曲线评价联合预测方案的召回率和精准率。结果复发组OSAS患者占比(27.59%)高于未复发组(3.95%),行神经节丛消融患者占比(37.93%)低于未复发组(61.84%)(P<0.05);复发组Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin水平高于未复发组[(170.54±36.83)ng/ml比(122.69±31.50)ng/ml、(6.13±2.00)μg/L比(3.99±1.25)μg/L、(34.17±10.22)g/ml比(21.58±6.97)g/ml,均P<0.05]。Logistic回归显示,OSAS、Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin均是复发的相关危险因素,行神经节丛消融是复发的相关保护因素(P<0.05),多重共线性检验显示,各相关因素的方差膨胀因子介于1.045~2.007,容忍度介于0.544~0.901,多重共线性可能性低。将OSAS、行神经节丛消融、Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin原始数据按照20%、20%、60%随机划分为测试集、验证集、训练集,得到OSAS、行神经节丛消融、Chemerin、Gal-3联合visfatin的ROC曲线显示,各相关因素联合的AUC为0.911,高于OSAS(0.842)、行神经节丛消融(0.501)、Chemerin(0.780)、Gal-3(0.841)、visfatin(0.727)(P<0.05)。PR曲线显示,各相关因素联合方案的AUC为0.858,具有较高的召回率和精准率。结论房颤首次导管射频消融术患者术前Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin水平与术后复发密切相关,三者联合OSAS、行神经节丛消融预测复发呈现出较高的预测性能,可为临床识别房颤复发高风险人群提供客观数据参考,有助于制定预防策略,从而减少术后的复发。

关键词：心房颤动首次导管射频消融术趋化素半乳糖凝集素-3 内脂素术后复发

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Full waveform inversion based on hybrid gradient

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1660-1670页

作者： Chuang Xie zhi-Liang qin Jian-Hua wang Peng Song Heng-Guang Shen Sheng-Qi Yu Ben-Jun Ma Xue-qin Liu qingdao Innovation and Development Base Harbin Engineering UniversityQingdao266000ShandongChina qingdao Innovation and Development Center Harbin Engineering UniversityQingdao266000ShandongChina CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing100028China College of Marine Geoscience Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100ShandongChina Weihai Sunfull Geophysical Exploration Equipment Co. Ltd.Weihai264209ShandongChina

The low-wavenumber components in the gradient of full waveform inversion(FWI)play a vital role in the stability of the ***,when FWI is implemented in some high frequencies and current models are not far away from the real velocity model,an excessive number of low-wavenumber components in the gradient will also reduce the convergence rate and inversion *** solve this problem,this paper firstly derives a formula of scattering angle weighted gradient in FWI,then proposes a hybrid *** hybrid gradient combines the conventional gradient of FWI with the scattering angle weighted gradient in each inversion frequency band based on an empirical formula derived *** weighted hybrid mode,we can retain some low-wavenumber components in the initial lowfrequency inversion to ensure the stability of the inversion,and use more high-wavenumber components in the high-frequency inversion to improve the convergence *** results of synthetic data experiment demonstrate that compared to the conventional FWI,the FWI based on the proposed hybrid gradient can effectively reduce the low-wavenumber components in the gradient under the premise of ensuring inversion *** also greatly enhances the convergence rate and inversion accuracy,especially in the deep part of the *** the field marine seismic data experiment also illustrates that the FWI based on hybrid gradient(HGFWI)has good stability and adaptability.

关键词： Full waveform inversion Hybrid gradient Scattering angle weighted Low-wavenumber component

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Reinfection and Risk Factors of SARS-CoV-2 during an Omicron Wave 2022 in Shanghai

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 204-209页

作者： wang Pei qin wang Xiao Hang wang Jian SHI zhi Wen CHU Dong Mei wang zhi Fei ZHANG Mu Bai LIU Wei ZHOU Zi Jie XIE Wei Fen Department of Gastroenterology Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200003China Health examination center Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200003China

Multiple waves of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreaks have affected numerous countries worldwide. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was reported in Hong Kong in August 2020^([1]), leading to increased interest in the effectiveness of natural immunity acquired from primary infection. While data reports vary across countries, all findings indicate that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides substantial protection against reinfection^([2]). However, natural immunity from infection with previous non-Omicron or early Omicron sub-lineages offers lower levels of protection against Omicron reinfection, with rates below 60%^([3]) and approximately 75%[4], respectively.

关键词： immunity infection Omi

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The Coarse l^(p)-Novikov Conjecture and Banach Spaces with Property(H)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第2期45卷 193-220页

作者： Huan wang qin wang Research Center for Operator Algebras School of Mathematical SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of MEA Ministry of Educationand Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMPEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

In this paper,for 1

关键词： The coarse l^(p)-Novikov conjecture Banach spaces with Property(H) Coarse geometry K-Theory

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al/Ti clad plates prepared via powder-in-tube method

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 670-687页

作者： Xian-lei Hu qin-cheng Xie Yi Yuan Ying zhi State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Suzhou Dongbao Haixing Metal Material Technology Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215600JiangsuChina School of Material Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

The Ti/Al/Ti clad plates exhibit a broad spectrum of potential ***,the conventional techniques of hot-pressing composite and explosive composite are intricate and environmentally hazardous.A novel method was introduced for preparing clad plates,namely,the powder-in-tube *** method involves a combination of cold rolling,annealing at a temperature of 550℃,and double *** morphology of the intermetallic compound layer was analyzed through the utilization of interface stripping test,tensile test,and microscopic *** interface morphology,interface bonding properties,tensile fracture structures,and properties of plates under the first and second rolling were compared,along with the effects of intermetallic compounds on the interface *** results indicate that the powder-in-tube method,when annealed at 550℃,can produce a composite plate featuring a complete and uniform Ti/Al *** obtained plate exhibits a peeling strength of 21.5 N/mm,tensile strength of 424 MPa,and elongation of 11.5%.Furthermore,a systematic analysis was conducted to determine the causes of performance degra-dation observed during annealing at temperatures of 600 and 650℃.

关键词： Powder-in-tube method-Ti/Al/Ti clad plate Annealing Cold rolling-Mechanical property

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