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Dynamic variation and the fast acceleration of particles in Earth's radiation belt

Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第6期56卷 1118-1140页

作者： ZONG QiuGang YUAN ChongJing wang YongFu su ZhenPeng Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Sate Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

We have quantitatively investigated the radiation belt's dynamic variations of 1.5-6.0 MeV electrons during 54 CME (coronal mass ejection)-driven storms from 1993 to 2003 and 26 CIR (corotating interaction region)-driven recurrent storms in 1995 by utilizing case and statistical studies based on the data from the SAMPEX satellite. It is found that the boundaries determined by fitting an exponential to the flux as a function of L shell obtained in this study agree with the observed outer and inner boundaries of the outer radiation belt. Furthermore, we have constructed the Radiation Belt Content (RBC) index by integrating the number density of electrons between those inner and outer boundaries. According to the ratio of the maximum RBC index during the recovery phase to the pre-storm average RBC index, we conclude that CME-driven storms produce more relativistic electrons than CIR-driven storms in the entire outer radiation belt, although the relativistic electron fluxes during CIR-related storms are much higher than those during CME-related storms at geosynchronous orbit. The physical radiation belt model STEERB is based on the three-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation and includes the physical processes of local wave-particle interactions, radial diffusion, and adiabatic transport. Due to the limitation of numerical schemes, formal radiation belt models do not include the cross diffusion term of local wave-particle interactions. The numerical experiments of STEERB have shown that the energetic electron fluxes can be overestimated by a factor of 5 or even several orders (depending on the pitch angle) if the cross diffusion term is ignored. This implies that the cross diffusion term is indispensable for the evaluation of radiation belt electron fluxes. Formal radiation belt models often adopt dipole magnetic field; the time varying Hilmer-Voigt geomagnetic field was adopted by the STEERB model, which self-consistently included the adiabatic transport process. The test

关键词： radiation belt killer electrons CME magnetic storm CIR magnetic storm wave-particle interaction ULF wave VLFwave

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Liquid-metals-induced formation of MXene/polyacrylamide composite organohydrogels for wearable flexible electronics

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1913-1922页

作者： Minying Wu Bin Chen Xueliang Fan Tong Ye Yuanyuan fang Qian Zhang fangzhou Zhou Yajun wang Yi Tang Department of Chemistry Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China College of Chemistry&Materials Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325027China

Organohydrogels have demonstrated superior environmental adaptability and frost resistance compared to conventional hydrogels,thereby prompting considerable interests in the development and design of innovative ***,we report an effective one-pot method for fabricating MXene/polyacrylamide(MXene/PAM)composite organohydrogel(MAOH)by employing Ga liquid metals(Ga LMs)as a highly reactive component in the induced free radical polymerization reaction,without the need for additional heating or cross-linking *** synthetic protocol addresses the time-consuming and organic solvent waste concerns associated with traditional solvent displacement methods for organohydrogel *** incorporation of MXene not only highly enhances the conductivity but also confers improved mechanical properties of *** MAOH exhibits excellent environmental adaptability(>7 d),sustained moisture retention,remarkable self-healing capabilities,and outstanding mechanical properties under low temperatures(-20℃).It demonstrates exceptional performance in micro-motion monitoring,rapid response time(125 ms),superior stretchability,and a broad range of strains(0.3%–600%).Therefore,the designed MAOH has great potential for applications in diverse fields such as prosthetics,electronic skin,human–machine interaction,and smart terminals.

关键词： organohydrogels MXene conductivity mechanical properties environmental adaptability

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Engineering biocompatible TeSex nano-alloys as a versatile theranostic nanoplatform

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National Science Review 2021年第6期8卷 148-159页

作者： Xiang Ling Zhaokui Jin Qi Jiang Xiaotao wang Bin Wei Zhongchang wang Yangsen Xu Tianye Cao Jonathan W.Engle Weibo Cai Chenliang su Qianjun He International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical UltrasoundSchool of Biomedical EngineeringHealth Science CenterShenzhen University Department of Quantum and Energy Materials International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison

Photothermal nanotheranostics, especially in the near infrared II（NIR-II） region, exhibits a great potential in precision and personalized medicine, owing to high tissue penetration of NIR-II ***-II-photothermal nanoplatforms with high biocompatibility as well as high photothermal effect are urgently needed but rarely reported so far. Te nanomaterials possess high absorbance to NIR-II light but also exhibit high cytotoxicity, impeding their biomedical applications. In this work, the controllable incorporation of biocompatible Se into the lattice of Te nanostructures is proposed to intrinsically tune their inherent cytotoxicity and enhance their biocompatibility, developing TeSexnano-alloys as a new kind of theranostic nanoplatform. We have uncovered that the cytotoxicity of Te nanomaterials primarily derives from irreversible oxidation stress and intracellular imbalance of organization and energy, and can be eliminated by incorporating a moderate proportion of Se（x = 0.43）. We have also discovered that the as-prepared TeSexnano-alloys have extraordinarily high NIR-II-photothermal conversion efficiency（77.2%）,64Cu coordination and computed tomography contrast capabilities, enabling high-efficacy multimodal photothermal/photoacoustic/positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal therapy of cancer. The proposed nano-alloying strategy provides a new route to improve the biocompatibility of biomedical nanoplatforms and endow them with versatile theranostic functions.

关键词： nanomedicine nano-alloys photothermal therapy cancer nanotheranostics biomedical imaging

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New insight into immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第4期66卷 875-878页

作者： Hu wang Zhiqiang Zhu Yihang Zhang Taiyi Jiang Mengmeng Zhang Zongping wang Yu Zhang An Zhao Bin su Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Urology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Urology The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Hangzhou 310022China Experimental Research Center The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and CancerChinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022China

Kidney cancer,accounting for 4%of all new cancer cases in men and 3%in women,is one of the ten most frequently diagnosed cancer types,of which renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most frequent kind of kidney cancer(responsible for70%of adult renal cancer cases).Before the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),RCC was considered an immunoreactive tumor and treated with IL-2 and other immunotherapies.

关键词： Kidney cancer renal

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Controllable synthesized step-scheme heterojunction of WO_(3)/CuBi_(2)O_(4) decorated WO_(3) plates for visible-light-driven CO_(2) reduction

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 5962-5969页

作者： Weina Shi Ji-Chao wang Xiaowei Guo Xiu Qiao fang Liu Renlong Li Wanqing Zhang Yuxia Hou Huijuan Han School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Xinxiang UniversityXinxiang 453000China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiang 453000China Henan Photoelectrocatalytic Material and Micro-Nano Application Technology Academician Workstation Xinxiang UniversityXinxiang 450003China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Rational design and construction of step-scheme(S-scheme)photocatalyst has received much attention in the field of CO_(2) reduction because of its great potential to solve the current energy and environmental *** this study,a series of plate-like WO_(3)/CuBi_(2)O_(4)(WO/CBO)photocatalysts were *** CO and CH4 yields over optimal composite reached 1,115.8 and 67.2μmol/m2 after 9 h visible light illumination(λ>400 nm),which was higher than those of two pure catalysts in CO_(2) *** product yields slightly decreased in the 7th ***,the staggered band structure of heterojunction was characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)and valence band-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(VB-XPS),and a S-scheme charge transfer mechanism was verified by detecting electron spin resonance(ESR)and XPS result about surface composition of WO/CBO catalyst in dark or *** work may be useful for rational designing of S-scheme photocatalyst and provides some illuminating insights into the S-scheme transfer mechanism.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction WO_(3)plate CuBi_(2)O_(4) step-scheme(S-scheme) photocatalyst

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Runoff components and the contributions of precipitation and temperature in a highly glacierized river basin in Central As

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第2期17卷 361-377页

作者： Anqian wang Buda su Jinlong HUANG Cheng JING Zbigniew WKUNDZEWICZ Hui TAO Mingjin ZHAN Tong JIANG College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster/Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geography Science Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan 60809Poland Jiangxi Eco-meteorological Center Nanchang 330000China

Understanding the main drivers of runoff components and contributions of precipitation and temperature have important implications for water-limited inland basins,where snow and glacier melt provide essential inputs to surface *** quantify the impact of temperature and precipitation changes on river runoff in the Tarim River basin(TRB),the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning(HBV)-light model,which contains a glacier routine process,was applied to analyze the change in runoff *** in the headstream parts of the TRB was more sensitive to temperature than to *** the TRB,overall,rainfall generated 41.22%of the total runoff,while snow and glacier meltwater generated 20.72%and 38.06%,*** values indicate that temperature exerted more major effects on runoff than did *** compositions were different in the various subbasins and may have been caused by different glacier *** runoff volumes generated by rainfall,snowmelt,glacier melt was almost equal in the Aksu River *** the Yarkand and Hotan River subbasins,glacier meltwater was the main supplier of runoff,accounting for 46.72%and 58.73%,*** the Kaidu-Kongque River subbasin,80.86%was fed by rainfall and 19.14%was fed by *** the TRB,runoff generated by rainfall was the dominant component in spring,autumn,winter,while glacier melt runoff was the dominant component in *** in the TRB significantly increased during 1961–2016;additionally,56.49%of the increase in runoff was contributed by temperature changes,and 43.51%was contributed by precipitation *** spring,the runoff increase in the TRB was mainly caused by the precipitation increase,opposite result in summer and *** of temperature was negative in *** findings have important implications for water resource management in high mountainous regions and for similar river basins in which melting glaciers strongly impact the hydrological

关键词： runoff components glacier meltwater contribution HBV-light model Tarim River basin

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Interval mapping for red/green skin color in Asian pears using a modified QTL-seq method

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 112-121页

作者： Huabai Xue Ting Shi fangfang wang Huangkai Zhou Jian Yang Long wang suke wang Yanli su Zhen Zhang Yushan Qiao Xiugen Li College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of AgricultureZhengzhou450009China Guangzhou Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co.Ltd Guangzhou510006China

Pears with red skin are attractive to consumers and provide additional health *** of the gene(s)responsible for skin coloration can benefit cultivar selection and *** use of QTL-seq,a bulked segregant analysis method,can be problematic when heterozygous parents are *** present study modified the QTL-seq method by introducing a|Δ(SNP-index)|parameter to improve the accuracy of mapping the red skin trait in a group of highly heterozygous Asian *** analyses were based on mixed DNA pools composed of 28 red-skinned and 27 green-skinned pear lines derived from a cross between the‘Mantianhong’and‘Hongxiangsu’red-skinned ***‘Dangshansuli’cultivar genome was used as reference for sequence *** average single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)index was calculated using a sliding window approach(200-kb windows,20-kb increments).Nine scaffolds within the candidate QTL interval were in the fifth linkage group from 111.9 to 177.1 *** was a significant linkage between the insertions/deletions and simple sequence repeat markers designed from the candidate intervals and the red/green skin(R/G)locus,which was in a 582.5-kb candidate interval that contained 81 predicted protein-coding gene models and was composed of two subintervals at the bottom of the fifth *** ZFRI 130-16,In2130-12 and In2130-16 markers located near the R/G locus could potentially be used to identify the red skin trait in Asian pear *** study provides new insights into the genetics controlling the red skin phenotype in this fruit.

关键词： mapping linkage modified

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Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Grafted Poly(vinyl chloride)s Synthesized via ATRP Process and Their Membranes for Dye Separation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2015年第11期33卷 1491-1491,1492-1502页

作者： Li-feng fang Na-chuan wang Ming-yong Zhou 朱宝库 Li-ping Zhu Angelin Ebanezar John Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization (Ministry of Education) Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment (Ministry of Education) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University

To functionalize poly（vinyl chloride）（PVC） for various applications, monomers containing tertiary amine group are incorporated into PVC via atom transfer radical polymerization（ATRP） initiated by the labile chlorines in their backbones. The kinetics of synthesis was carefully investigated, and it is proven that the grafting polymerization process can be effectively controlled by regulating the reaction time. The membranes are fabricated using PVC and copolymers by non-solvent induced phase separation（NIPS） process. The hydrophilicity and pore structure of copolymer membranes were enhanced as well, these membranes are endowed with positive charge. When PDMA%（i.e., the PDMA weight percentage in copolymer） is 31.1%, the flux and Victoria blue B rejection are 26.0 L·m·^-2·h^-1（0.5 MPa） and 91.2%, respectively. Thus, the newly synthesized polymer is proven to be a promising material for dye separation with positive charges.

关键词： Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(N N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Non-solvent induced phase separation Dye separation

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Phytoremediation of petroleum polluted soil

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Petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 167-171页

作者： wang Jing Zhang Zhongzhi su Youming He Wei He Feng Song Hongguang School of Chemical Science ＆ Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

An experimental study of the rhizosphere effect on phytoremediation of petroleum polluted soil was carried out with three species of grasses, namely Pannicum, Eleusine indica （L.） Gaerth, and Tall Fescue. After a period of 150 days, this pot experiment showed that the rhizosphere of these three species accelerated the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons to different extents. The results showed that the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere increased by three orders of magnitude. The induction of the plant rhizosphere and the coercion influence of petroleum changed the species and activity of microorganisms. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere was 3-4 times that in unplanted soil. The dehydrogenase activity in the rhizosphere was 1.61-2.20 times that in unplanted soil, but the catalase activity was 0.90-0.93 times that in unplanted soil, and soil moisture content increased by 5% compared with the unplanted soil.

关键词： Phytoremediation rhizosphere microbial number dehydrogenase activity catalaseactivity petroleum hydrocarbon degeneration

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Transcriptional search to identify and assess reference genes for expression analysis in Solanum lycopersicum under stress and hormone treatment conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3216-3229页

作者： DUAN Yao-ke HAN Rong su Yan wang Ai-ying LI Shuang suN Hao GONG Hai-jun Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering College of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000HenanP.R.China

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is a model plant for research on fruit development and stress response,in which gene expression analysis is frequently *** PCR(qPCR)is a widely used technique for gene expression analysis,and the selection of reference genes may affect the accuracy of results and even *** there have been some frequently used reference genes in tomato,it has been shown that the expressions of some of these genes are not constant in different tissues and environmental ***,little information on genomic identification of reference genes is available in ***,we mined the publicly available transcriptional sequencing data and screened out fifteen candidate reference genes,and the expression stability of these candidate genes and seven traditionally used ones were evaluated under stress and hormone *** results showed that over half of the selected candidate references were housekeeping genes in tomato *** the candidate reference genes and the traditionally used ones,the most stably expressed genes varied under different treatments,and most of these genes were recommended as preferred reference genes at least once except Solyc04g009030 and Solyc07g066610,two traditionally used reference *** study provides some novel reference genes in tomato,and the preferred reference genes under different environmental stimuli,which may be useful for future *** study suggests that excavating stably expressed genes from transcriptome sequencing data is a reliable approach to screening reference genes for qPCR analysis.

关键词： tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) gene expression qPCR reference gene expression stability

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