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Martensitic twinning transformation mechanism in a metastable IVB element-based body-centered cubic high-entropy alloy with high strength and high work hardening rate

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第29期124卷 217-231页

作者： Yuhe Huang Junheng Gao Vassili Vorontsov Dikai Guan Russell Goodall David Dye Shuize wang Qiang Zhu w.mark Rainforth Iain Todd Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUnited Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Materials Royal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUnited Kingdom

Realizing high work hardening and thus elevated strength–ductility synergy are prerequisites for the practical usage of body-centered-cubic high entropy alloys(BCC-HEAs).In this study,we report a novel dynamic strengthening mechanism,martensitic twinning transformation mechanism in a metastable refractory element-based BCC-HEA(TiZrHf)Ta(at.%)that can profoundly enhance the work hardening capability,leading to a large uniform ductility and high strength *** from conventional transformation induced plasticity(TRIP)and twinning induced plasticity(TwIP)strengthening mechanisms,the martensitic twinning transformation strengthening mechanism combines the best characteristics of both TRIP and TwIP strengthening mechanisms,which greatly alleviates the strengthductility trade-off that ubiquitously observed in BCC structural *** characterization,carried out using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD)shows that,upon straining,α”(orthorhombic)martensite transformation,self-accommodation(sa)α”twinning and mechanicalα”twinning were activated *** electron microscopy(TEM)analyses reveal that continuous twinning activation is inherited from nucleating mechanical{351}type I twins within sa“{351}”typeⅡtwinnedα”variants on{351}twinning plane by twinning transformation through simple shear,thereby accommodating the excessive plastic strain through the twinning shear while concurrently refining the grain ***,consistent high work hardening rates of 2–12.5 GPa were achieved during the entire plastic deformation,leading to a high tensile strength of 1.3 GPa and uniform elongation of 24%.Alloy development guidelines for activating such martensitic twinning transformation strengthening mechanism were proposed,which could be important in developing new BCC-HEAs with optimal mechanical performance.

关键词： Metastable high entropy alloy work hardening rate Martensitic transformation Self-accommodating martensite Twinning transformation

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Magnetic resonance imaging characterization of circumferential and longitudinal strain under various coronary interventions in swine

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world Journal of Radiology 2013年第12期5卷 472-483页

作者： Mohammed sa Suhail mark w wilson Steven w Hetts Maythem saeed Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging School of Medicine University of California San Francisco School of Medicine University of California San Diego

AIM:To compare the acute changes in circumferential and longitudinal strain after exposing a coronary artery to various interventions in ***:Percutaneous balloon angioplasty catheter was guided to location aid device(LAD)under X-ray fluoroscopy to create different patterns of ischemic ***(n=32)were equally divided into 4 groups:controls,90 min LAD occlusion/reperfusion,LAD microembolization,and combined LAD occlusion/microembolization/*** days after interventions,cine,tagged and viability magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were acquired to measure and compare left and right circumferential strain,longitudinal strain and myocardial viability,*** were obtained using HARP and semi-automated threshold method and statistically analyzed using unpaired *** and vascular damage was characterized ***:Coronary microemboli caused greater impairment in l left ventricular(LV)circumferential strain and dyssynchrony than LAD occlusion/reperfusion despite the significant difference in the extent of myocardial *** also caused significant decrease in peak systolic strain rate of remote myocardium and LV *** MRI demonstrated the interaction between LV and right ventricular(RV)at 3 d after *** increase in RV free wall longitudinal strain was seen in response to all *** MRI,histochemical staining and microscopy revealed different patterns of myocardial damage and microvascular ***:Cine MRI revealed subtle changes in LV strain caused by various ischemic *** also demonstrated the interaction between the right and left ventricles after coronary *** microemboli with and without acute myocardial infarction(AMI)cause complex myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction that is not replicated in solely AMI.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Percutaneous coronary interventions Acute myocardial infarct Microembolization Myocardial strain

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Dim artificial light at night reduces the cellular immune response of the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 571-582页

作者： Joanna Durrant mark P.Green Theresa M.Jones The School of BioSciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia

A functioning immune system is crucial for protection against disease and illness,yet increasing evidence suggests that species living in urban areas could be suffering from immune suppression,due to the presence of artificial light at night(ALAN).This study examined the effects of ecologically relevant levels of ALAN on three key measures of immune function(haemocyte concentration,lytic activity,and phenoloxidase activity)using a model invertebrate species,the Australian black field cricket,Teleogryllus *** reared crickets under an ecologically relevant daily light‐cycle consisting of 12 hr bright daylight(2600 lx)followed by either 12 h darkness(0 lx)or dim environmentally relevant ALAN(1,10,100 lx),and then assessed immune function at multiple time points throughout adult life using haemolymph *** found that the presence of ALAN had a clear negative effect on haemocytes,while the effects on lytic activity and phenoloxidase activity were more complex or largely unaffected by ***,the effects of lifelong exposure to ALAN of 1 lx were comparable to those of 10 and 100 *** data suggest that the effects of ALAN could be large and widespread,and such reductions in the core immune response of individuals will likely have greater consequences for fitness and survival under more malign conditions,such as those of the natural environment.

关键词： circadian rhythm ecophysiology immune function immunomodulation invertebrate light pollution melatonin urbanization

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3D Raman mapping as an analytical tool for investigating the coatings of coated drug particles

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第3期13卷 276-286页

作者： Georgia Koutentaki Pavel Krýsa Dan Trunov Tomás Pekarek marketa Pislova Miroslav Soos Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague 616628Czech Republic Zentiva k.s.Prague 1010237Czech Republic

The properties of dry-coated paracetamol particles(fast-dissolving model drug)with carnauba wax particles as the coating agent(dissolution retardant)were *** mapping technique was used to non-destructively examine the thickness and homogeneity of coated *** results showed that the wax existed in two forms on the surface of the paracetamol particles,forming a porous coating layer:i)whole wax particles on the surface of paracetamol and glued together with other wax surface particles,and ii)deformed wax particles spread on the *** of the final particle size fraction(between 100 and 800 mm),the coating thickness had high variability,with average thickness of 5.9±4.2 *** ability of carnauba wax to decrease the dissolution rate of paracetamol was confirmed by dissolution of powder and tablet *** dissolution was slower for larger coated *** further reduced the dissolution rate,clearly indicating the impact of subsequent formulation processes on the final quality of the product.

关键词： Raman mapping Dry-coating Dissolution Particle coating thickness Polymers

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Strength and Toughness of Steel Fibre Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Under Blast Loading

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2006年第B9期12卷 70-74页

作者： KUZNETSOV Valerian A REBENTROST mark wASCHL John weapons Systems Division DSTOEdinburgh SA 5111Australia VSL Australia Noble Park VIC 3174Australia

The blast resistance of structures used in buildings needs to be investigated due to the increased threat of a terrorist attack. The damage done by Composition B or Powergel to steel fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete （SFRPC） panels and ordinary reinforced concrete （RC） panels of equivalent static flexural strength is compared. A 0. 5 kg charge was detonated at a distance of 0. 1 m from the 1. 3 m × 1. 0 m × 0. 1 m （thick） panels, which were simply supported and spaning 1.3 m. Dynamic displacement measurements, high-speed video recording and visual examination of the panels for spall and breach were undertaken. The SFRPC panels withstood the bare charge blast better than the reinforced ordinary concrete panels. Neither type of panel was breached using a O. 5 kg charge, The RC panel exhibited more spalling when Composition B was used. Under successive Composition B loading conditions, the RC panel was breached. In comparison the SFRPC panel was not breached. Exposure to fragmenting charge loading conditions confirmed these performance differences between the SFRPC panel and the reinforced ordinary concrete panel.

关键词： steel fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete blast loading spalling explosive blast loading

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Mechanical behavior of micaceous clays

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第5期11卷 1044-1054页

作者： Jiahe Zhang Amin Soltani An Deng mark B.Jaksa School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

This study aims to investigate the effect of mica content on the mechanical properties of *** available ground mica was blended with a locally available clayey soil,at varying mica contents by mass of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%and 30%,to artificially prepare various micaceous clay *** preliminary testing phase included consistency limits and standard Proctor compaction *** primary testing program consisted of unconfined compression(UC),direct shear(DS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)*** test results showed that the liquid and plastic limits exhibited a linear,monotonically increasing trend with increase in mica *** rate of increase in the plastic limit,however,was found to be greater than that of the liquid limit,thereby leading to a gradual transition towards a non-plastic,cohesionless *** soft,spongy fabric and high water demand of the mica mineral led to higher optimum water contents and lower maximum dry unit weights with increasing mica *** low confinement conditions,*** UC test and the DS test at low normal stresses,the shear strength was adversely affected by ***,the closer packing of the clay and mica components in the matrix under high confinement conditions offsets the adverse effects of mica by inducing frictional resistance at the shearing interface,thus leading to improved strength resistance.

关键词： Micaceous clay Mica content Consistency limits Compaction Shear strength Confinement Frictional resistance

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Biopolymer stabilization of clayey soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahdieh Azimi Amin Soltani Mehdi Mirzababaei mark B.Jaksa Nanjappa Ashwath College of Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

This study investigates the efficacy of sodium alginate(sa),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitosan(CS)d each applied at five different solid biopolymer-to-water mass ratios(or dosages)and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)performance of a high plasticity clayey ***,on identifying the optimum biopolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared against conventional stabilization using hydrated *** a given curing time,the UCS for all biopolymers followed a riseefall trend with increasing biopolymer dosage,peaking at an optimum dosage and then subsequently decreasing,such that all biopolymer-stabilized samples mobilized higher UCS values compared to the unamended *** optimum dosage was found to be 1.5%for sa,XG and CS,while a notably lower dosage of 0.5%was deemed optimum for ***,for a given biopolymer type and dosage,increasing the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCS,with the achieved improvements being generally more pronounced for XG-and CS-treated *** of the investigated biopolymers was able to produce UCS improvements equivalent to those obtained by the 28-d soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and CS dosages,particularly after 28 d of curing,were easily able to replicate 7-d lime stabilization outcomes achieved with as high as twice the soil’s lime ***,the fundamental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed to identify and discuss the clayebiopolymer stabilization mechanisms.

关键词： Soil stabilization High plasticity clay Biopolymer dosage Hydrated lime Curing time Unconfined compressive strength(UCS)

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Characterization of Ion Contents and Metabolic Responses to salt Stress of Different Arabidopsis AtHKT1;1 Genotypes and Their Parental Strains

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 350-368页

作者： Camilla B. Hill Deepa Jha Antony Bacic mark Tester Ute Roessner Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metabolomics Australia School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell walls School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediat-ing ion fluxes by transmembrane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure by accumulating osmolytes. The HKT （high-affinity potassium transporter） gene family comprises Na^＋ and Na^＋/K^＋ transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1,1 as the only member in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has been shown to prevent shoot Na^＋ overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a broad range of metabolites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains before and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metabolite differences between an AtHKT1;1 knockout line （hktl;1） and the AtHKT1;1 overex- pressing lines （E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 and J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1）. Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in both AtHKTI,1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmopro-tectants trehalose, gentiobiose, and melibiose, whereas J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hktl,1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carbon influx into the TCA cycle at a constant rate of C-efflux from the cycle, which might be needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations between the Na^＋ content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metabolism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.

关键词： abiotic stress salinity salt tolerance HKT sodium transporter, metabolomics enhancer trap system.

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Spatial Abilities as a Predictor to Success in the Kangaroo Contest

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2017年第6期7卷 154-163页

作者： mark Applebaum Kaye Academic College of Education Israel

In the few years since the Kangaroo Contest arrived in Israel, we have discovered that all the winners in grades 2-6 succeeded in spatial abilities （sa）-oriented tasks. In this study, we investigate a potential relationship between spatial abilities and mathematical performance （focusing on non-standard problems） in mathematically-motivated students （MMS） who participated in the Kangaroo Contest. we also sought to ascertain whether the correlation between scores of sa tasks and the rest [of the] non-standard problems （RNSP） in the contest is age-dependent. A strong correlation between sa tasks and mathematical performance, together with well-known malleable spatial abilities can lead us to the conclusion that the development of spatial abilities in early childhood is necessary as a predictor of later mathematics achievement. This issue is important for students at all levels and especially for MMS, some of whom will later become mathematically promising students.

关键词： spatial ability mathematics performance competitions student motivation

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Substantial subpial cortical demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis: have we underestimated the extent of cortical pathology?

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第1期7卷 51-67页

作者： Lauren Griffiths Richard Reynolds Rhian Evans Ryan J.Bevan mark I.Rees Djordje Gveric James w.Neal Owain w.Howell Institute of Life Sciences Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea UniversitySwansea SA28PPUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W53EHUK Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales NSW 2006Australia

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Much of the complex symptomatology relates to pathology outside the classic white matter plaque, whereby lesions of the cortical grey matter, which are difficult to resolve by conventional clinical imaging, are in part predictive of outcome. we investigated the extent of grey matter pathology in whole coronal macrosections to reassess the contribution of cortical pathology to total demyelinating lesion area in progressive MS. Methods: Twenty-two cases of progressive MS were prepared as whole bi-hemispheric macrosections for histology, immunostaining and quantitative analysis of lesion number and relative area, leptomeningeal inflammation and microglial/macrophage activation. Results: Cortical grey matter demyelination was seen in all cases, which was more extensive than in white and deep grey matter (hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia) and accounted for 0.8%-60.2% of the entire measurable cortical ribbon. The pattern of cortical grey matter demyelination was predominantly subpial (mean 90.9%, range 60%-100%, of total cortical grey matter lesion area) and cases with the largest areas of subpial cortical lesions had more and larger deep grey matter lesions, greater numbers of activated microglia/macrophages, both in lesions as well as in normal cortical grey matter, together with elevated leptomeningeal inflammation and lymphoid-like ;structures. white matter lesion area was unchanged when compared with the progressive MS cases with little subpial cortical demyelination. Conclusion: Analysis of whole coronal macrosections reveals cortical demyelination is more extensive than reported by conventional histological methods. Cases of progressive MS with substantial subpial cortical demyelination that is independent of underlying white matter lesion area support the implications that these lesions may in-part arise through different pathogenetic mechanisms. Biomarkers and/or i

关键词： Leptomeninges B cell follicle microglia activation normal appearing grey matter

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