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Does progesterone show neuroprotective effects on traumatic brain injury through increasing phosphorylation of Akt in the hippocampus?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第21期9卷 1891-1896页

作者： Richard Justin Garling Lora Talley watts shane Sprague Lauren Fletcher David F.Jimenez Murat Digicaylioglu Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Research Imaging Institute University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Cellular and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA

There are currently no federally approved neuroprotective agents to treat traumatic brain injury. Progesterone, a hydrophobic steroid hormone, has been shown in recent studies to exhibit neu-roprotective effects in controlled cortical impact rat models. Akt is a protein kinase known to play a role in cell signaling pathways that reduce edema, inlfammation, apoptosis, and promote cell growth in the brain. This study aims to determine if progesterone modulates the phosphor-ylation of Aktvia its threonine 308 phosphorylation site. Phosphorylation at the threonine 308 site is one of several sites responsible for activating Akt and enabling the protein kinase to carry out its neuroprotective effects. To assess the effects of progesterone on Akt phosphorylation, C57BL/6 mice were treated with progesterone （8 mg/kg） at 1 （intraperitonally）, 6, 24, and 48 hours （subcutaneously） post closed-skull traumatic brain injury. The hippocampus was harvest-ed at 72 hours post injury and prepared for western blot analysis. Traumatic brain injury caused a signiifcant decrease in Akt phosphorylation compared to sham operation. However, mice treat-ed with progesterone following traumatic brain injury had an increase in phosphorylation of Akt compared to traumatic brain injury vehicle. Our ifndings suggest that progesterone is a viable treatment option for activating neuroprotective pathways after traumatic brain injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration Akt traumatic brain injury progesterone apoptosis neuroprotec-tion brain injury western blotting controlled cortical impact neural regeneration

TAAPP: Tiling Array Analysis Pipeline for Prokaryotes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2011年第1期9卷 56-62页

作者： Ranjit Kumar shane C. Burgess Mark L. Lawrence Bindu Nanduri College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi 39762 USA Institute for Genomics Biocomputing and Biotechnology Mississippi State University Mississippi 39762 USA Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Mississippi State University Mississippi 39762 USA

High-density tiling arrays provide closer view of transcription than regular microarrays and can also be used for annotating functional elements in genomes. The identified transcripts usually have a complex overlapping architecture when compared to the existing genome annotation. Therefore, there is a need for customized tiling array data analysis tools. Since most of the initial tiling arrays were conducted in eukaryotes, data analysis methods are well suited for eukaryofic genomes. For using whole-genome tiling arrays to identify previously unknown transcriptional elements like small RNA and antisense RNA in prokaryotes, existing data analysis tools need to be tailored for prokaryotic genome architecture. Furthermore, automation of such custom data analysis workflow is necessary for biologists to apply this powerful platform for knowledge discovery. Here we describe TAAPP, a web-based package that consists of two modules for prokaryotic tiling array data analysis. The transcript generation module works on normalized data to generate transcriptionally active regions （TARs）. The feature extraction and annotation module then maps TARs to existing genome annotation. This module further categorizes the transcription profile into potential novel non-coding RNA, antisense RNA, gene expression and operon structures. The implemented workflow is microarray platform independent and is presented as a web-based service. The web interface is freely available for acedemic use at http：//***/TAAPP-HTML/.

关键词： transcriptomics small RNA operon prokaryotes tiling arrays

Exploding lakes in Vanuatu ＂Surtseyan-style＂ eruptions witnessed on Ambae Island

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Episodes 2006年第2期29卷 87-92页

作者： Károly Németh shane J. Cronin Douglas Charley Morris Harrison Esline Garae Volcanic Risk Solutions Institute of Natural Resources Massey University PO Box 11 222 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Geology Mines and water Resources Private Bag Port Vila Vanuatu

After a long silence, Lake Vui on Ambae Island burst into spectacular life on November 28, 2005, disrupting the lives of the 10,000 inhabitants on this sleepy tropical island in the Sw Pacific. ＂Surtseyan-style＂ explosions burst through the Island＇s summit lake waters, forming a new tuff-cone, and threatening to form deadly lahars or volcanic floods. Such eruptions are rarely well observed, and these fleeting opportunities provide a chance to match volcanic processes with rock-sequences common in the geologic record...

关键词：瓦努阿图爆发湖泊岛屿

A history of low back pain affects pelvis and trunk coordination during a sustained manual materials handling task

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第1期5卷 52-60页

作者： Joseph F.Seay shane G.Sauer Tejash Patel Tanja C.Roy Military Performance Division US. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA 01760 USA Biophysics ancl Biomedical Modelling Division US. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA O1760 USA

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the coordination between the trunk and the pelvis during a sustained asymmetric repetitive lifting task between a group with a history of low back pain(LBP;HBP) and a group with no history of LBP(NBP).Methods:Volunteers lifted a 11-kg box from ankle height in front to a shelf 45° off-center at waist height,and lowered it to the start position at12 cycles/min for 10 *** side was alternated during the *** relative phase was used to calculate coordination between the pelvis and trunk rotation at the beginning(Min 1),middle(Min 5),and end of the bout(Min 9).Results:while there were no main effects for group,a significant interaction between time and group indicated that,in the frontal plane,the NBP group coordination was more anti-phase toward the end of the bout,with no such differences for the HBP *** of sagittal-axial(bend and twist) coordination revealed the HBP group coordination was more in-phase at the end of the bout over the entire cycle and for the lifting phase alone,with no such differences for the NBP ***:Differences between groups demonstrate residual consequences of LBP in an occupational scenario,even though the HBP group was pain-free for >6 months prior to data *** in-phase coordination in the HBP group may represent a coordination pattern analogous to'guarded gait' which has been observed in other studies,and may lend insight as to why these individuals are at increased risk for re-injury.

关键词： Lifting Lowering Occupational biomechanics Relative phase Relative phase variability

Elevational patterns of bird species richness on the eastern slope of ***,Sichuan Province,China

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Xingcheng He Xiaoyi wang shane DuBay Andrew Hart Reeve Per Alstrom Jianghong Ran Qiao Liu Yongjie wu Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan University Committee on Evolutionary Biology University of Chicago Life Sciences Section Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural History Biosystematics Section Natural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of Copenhagen Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background:In biological systems,biological diversity often displays a rapid turn-over across *** defining feature has made mountains classic systems for studying the spatial variation in *** patterns of elevational diversity can vary among lineages and mountain systems it remains difficult to extrapolate findings from one montane region to another,or among *** this study,we assessed patterns and drivers of avian diversity along an elevational gradient on the eastern slope of ***,the highest peak in the Hengduan Mountain Range in central China,and a mountain where comprehensive studies of avian diversity are still ***:we surveyed bird species in eight 400-m elevational bands from 1200 to 4400 m *** 2012 and *** test the relationship between bird species richness and environmental factors,we examined the relative importance of seven ecological variables on breeding season distribution patterns:land area(LA),mean daily temperature(MDT),seasonal temperature range(STR),the mid-domain effect(MDE),seasonal precipitation(SP),invertebrate biomass(IB) and enhanced vegetation index(EVI).Climate data were obtained from five local meteorological stations and three temperature/relative humidity smart sensors in ***:A total of 219 bird species were recorded in the field,of which 204 were recorded during the breeding season(April–August).Species richness curves(calculated separately for total species,large-ranged species,and smallranged species) were all ***-ranged species contributed more to the total species richness pattern than small-ranged *** and IB were positively correlated with total species richness and small-ranged species *** and MDT were positively correlated with small-ranged species richness,while STR and SP were negatively correlated with small-ranged species *** was positively correlated with large-ranged species *** we considered the combina

关键词： Mt.Gongga Elevational gradient Environmental factors Species richness Stable microclimate

Effect of synthetic fibers on the mechanical performance of asphalt mixture:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第3期10卷 331-348页

作者： Haichuan Jia Yanping Sheng Ping Guo shane Underwood Huaxin Chen Y.Richard Kim Yan Li Qingwei Ma School of Materials Science and Engineering Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Engineering Research Center of Transportation Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringChang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China Xi'an Highway Research Institute Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710065China

Numerous studies showed that synthetic fibers are effective for reinforcing the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture due to their high strength properties,ductility,and durability *** this paper,the objective is to present a review of the reinforcement effect of synthetic fiber on the mechanical performance of the asphalt *** paper reviews the relevant literature on the characterizations and applications of synthetic fibers to improve different mechanical properties of asphalt mixes,which can provide a reference for the applications and development of synthetic fibers in asphalt *** characteristics of common synthetic fibers are introduced and the utilization of synthetic fibers in asphalt mixture is *** surface treatment methods for fiber are reviewed and it is found that surface treatment can improve the performance of the synthetic fibers in asphalt mixtures,especially the chemical surface treatment *** influence of synthetic fiber addition on the mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete such as rutting resistance,tensile strength,water stability performance,and cracking resistance are then *** research results show that aramid,glass,and polyester fibers improve the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt *** fibers,polyamide fibers,and carbon fibers are used to improve resistance to the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement.

关键词： Fiber reinforced asphalt mixture Synthetic fibers Fiber characteristics Mechanical performance

Sports compression garments improve resting markers of venous return and muscle blood flow in male basketball players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 513-522页

作者： shane F.O'Riordan Rod McGregor Shona L.Halson David J.Bishop James R.Broatch Institute for Health and Sport(iHeS) Victoria UniversityFootscrayVIC 3011Australia Department of Physiology Australian Institute of SportBruceACT 2617Australia Faculty of Health University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic UniversityBanyoQLD 4014Australia

Background:The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood ***,findings are equivocal,possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow,the garment types used,and the pressures *** study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at ***:Resting lower-limb blood flow measures(markers of venous return,muscle blood flow,and muscle oxygenation)of 22 elite,junior,male basketball players(age=17.2±0.9 years,mean±SD)were assessed in 4 separate conditions:no compression(CON),compression tights(TIGHTS),compression shorts(SHORTS),and compression socks(SOCKS).Markers of venous return(cross-sectional area,time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity,and venous blood flow)were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral *** blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared ***:Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON(pwith SOCKS values higher compared with CON(pwere higher for all conditions compared to CON(pwith TIGHTS values also higher compared to SOCKS(pw was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.000),SOCKS(p=0.012),and SHORTS(p=0.000),with SOCKS higher compared to SHORTS(p=0.046).Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.028)and SOCKS(p=0.019),with SHORTS also higher compared to CON(p=0.012)and SOCKS(p=0.005).Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.003),SOCKS(p=0.033),and SHORTS(p=0.003),with SOCKS higher compared to CON(p=0.044)and SHORTS(p=0.032).Va

关键词： Arterial perfusion Lower-limb compression Pressure Venous flow

Structural confirmation of sulconazole sulfoxide as the primary degradation product of sulconazole nitrate

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第2期8卷 96-102页

作者： Qun Xu Ashraf Khan Di Gao Kristie M.Adams Fatkhulla Tadjimukhamedov shane Tan John T.Simpson Compendial Development Laboratory United States Pharmacopeia

Sulconazole has been reported to degrade into sulconazole sulfoxide via sulfur oxidation; however,structural characterization data was lacking and the potential formation of an N-oxide or sulfone could not be excluded. To clarify the degradation pathways and incorporate the impurity profile of sulconazole into the United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary(USP–NF) monographs, a multifaceted approach was utilized to confirm the identity of the degradant. The approach combines stress testing of sulconazole nitrate, chemical synthesis of the degradant via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation reaction,semi-preparative HPLC purification, and structural elucidation by LC–MS/MS and NMR *** determination was primarily based on the comparison of spectroscopic data of sulconazole and the oxidative degradant. The mass spectrometric data have revealed a Mc Lafferty-type rearrangement as the characteristic fragmentation pathway for alkyl sulfoxides with a β-hydrogen atom, and was used to distinguish the sulfoxide from N-oxide or sulfone derivatives. Moreover, the generated sulconazole sulfoxide was utilized as reference material for compendial procedure development and validation, which provides support for USP monograph modernization.

关键词： Sulconazole nitrate Sulconazole sulfoxide Forced degradation Structural characterization LC–MS/MS

鼓丘和巨型冰川线理的冰川摩擦学:剥蚀和沉积的争论之谜得到解决?

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地质学报 2021年第8期95卷 2306-2317页

作者：周维维 Nick EYLES shane SOOKHAN Niko PUTKINEN 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院地球科学系云南昆明650093 多伦多大学士嘉堡分校物理与环境科学系加拿大多伦多M1C1A4 芬兰地质调查局芬兰科科拉FI-67101

冰流是指冰盖中快速流动(高达10 km/a)的区域。冰流通常长达1000 km,宽200 km,嵌入在冰盖中。沿其流动方向形成了低幅度波纹状基岩床。这些波纹状基岩床由一些高度拉伸的沿着流向呈平行状分布的脊和沟槽(巨型冰川线理)组成。这些巨型冰... 详细信息

冰流是指冰盖中快速流动(高达10 km/a)的区域。冰流通常长达1000 km,宽200 km,嵌入在冰盖中。沿其流动方向形成了低幅度波纹状基岩床。这些波纹状基岩床由一些高度拉伸的沿着流向呈平行状分布的脊和沟槽(巨型冰川线理)组成。这些巨型冰川线理在空间上继承自体积大、拉伸程度低的鼓丘。由于鼓丘核部的地质条件复杂多变且不存在特征性的岩相,同时很难直接观察到现代冰盖下鼓丘的形成,因而鼓丘的起源在世界上仍然是未解之谜。基于新的高分辨率(0.5 m)LiDAR数据绘制的地形图和对更新世古冰流岩床进行野外地质考察表明,鼓丘和巨型冰川线理是底形连续体(后者由前者演化而来)。它们由基岩或部分岩石和早期较老的沉积物组成,基于此部分学者提出了鼓丘的侵蚀起源说。本文重点介绍了类似鼓丘和巨型冰川线理的椭圆-流线型和带有沟槽的表面,这些表面广泛形成于多种非冰川的地质环境中(无论是在地球上还是在火星上),它们是由于受限剪切作用下颗粒状碎屑对基底面的磨损所产生的。变质核杂岩中的大型滑脱断层和俯冲带巨型逆冲断层的表面显示出槽状表面,其形状和规模能够与巨型冰川线理相类比。多尺度的断层面上都表现出了逐渐消除的类似鼓丘状的"椭圆形凸起",形成带凹槽的岩石光滑面,从而减少了阻力并允许继续滑动。现代冰流岩床记录的冰下地震的独特"纹理"与凹槽内基底面遭受的局部侵蚀和剪切一致,冰下地貌特征加强了与断层运动学的联系。火山碎屑流、陨石撞击坑周围的溅射毯以及滑坡和块体搬运沉积体系的滑动,它们的下垫面都会形成类似巨型冰川线理的沟槽。在人造和生物材料的摩擦接触表面上,也可以重现这些由粒状"磨损碎屑"(被定义为"第三层")切割形成的类似鼓丘的椭圆形凸起和类似巨型冰川线理的沟槽表面。因此,我们提议将鼓丘和巨型冰川线理作为冰川动力学研究的相关组成部分,可以称之为"磨损痕迹"或者"流向剪切痕"。它们是由于不同的冰流速度拖曳粗颗粒的变形冰碛物切割底面(沉积物或者岩石(或其他岩相组合))形成的。地学界颇具争议的鼓丘-冰川线理成因谜团已逐渐清晰。

关键词：鼓丘巨型冰川线理流线型沟槽侵蚀起源摩擦磨损冰川摩擦学