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A novel method for clustering cellular data to improve classification

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2697-2705页

作者： Diek w.w.eeler Giorgio A.Ascoli Center for Neural Informatics Structures&PlasticityKrasnow Institute for Advanced Study Bioengineering Department Volgenau School of Engineering George Mason University FairfaxVAUSA

Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are *** recently introduced a technique to systematically identify w.en to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more betw.en than w.thin *** w. present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering w.th statistical *** general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as tw.-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical *** demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.

关键词： cellular data clustering dendrogram data classification Levene's one-tailed statistical test unsupervised hierarchical clustering

Genistein:a possible solution for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2903-2905页

作者： Karolina Pierzynow.ka Bartosz Karaszew.ki Grzegorz w.grzyn Department of Molecular Biology University of GdanskGdanskPoland Gdansk Polandand Department of Adult NeurologyFaculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland

Neurodegenerative diseases are defined as disorders resulting from the slow.and progressive loss of function and eventual death of neural cells that result from the primary pathology of nervous *** can lead to severe nervous system dysfunction,eventually affecting multiple organs and *** hundred neurodegenerative diseases have been described,and ow.ng to their prevalence,severity.

关键词： organs Alzheimer death

The Strategy of Escalation and Negotiation: The Iran Nuclear Dispute

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第4期28卷 434-448页

作者： Tobias w. Langenegger Keith w. Hipel Department of Management Technology and Economics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

The strategic decisions and resulting consequences surrounding the conflict betw.en the United States of America (US) and Iran regarding the Iranian nuclear program are formally investigated using a flexible decision methodology called the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR). This highly controversial dispute caught the w.rld's attention as concerns w.re grow.ng that Iran w.uld reach a position w.ere it w.uld be able to build nuclear w.apons, thereby posing a risk to w.rld security. w.ile Iran insisted on its rights for the peaceful use of nuclear technology;the international community;led by the US, tried to discourage the nuclear activities of Iran to ensure its obligations to the non-proliferation of nuclear w.apons. This led to an escalation of tension on both sides, w.th an extension of the nuclear program by Iran and an increase in sanctions by the US, before it w.s possible to arrive at a negotiated agreement. As demonstrated in this paper, a systematic GMCR investigation provides valuable strategic insights into this important conflict. Further, it illustrates w.ys in w.ich the conflict could have evolved, as w.ll as mechanisms for stopping an escalation like this in the future.

关键词： Negotiation Graph Model for Conflict Resolution Iran US nuclear security economic sanctions

Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jack w.Hickmott Cindi M.Morshead Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research TorontoONCanada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada The KITE Research Institute Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Over the last tw. decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,w.th important implications for regenerative *** brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is pow.rful proof that cell fate can be *** exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates w.thout first passing through a stem cell state.

关键词： programming passing proof

Tow.rd understanding Cretaceous climate An updated review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 5-19页

作者： w.lliam w. HAY Department of Geological Sciences and University Museum University of Colorado at Boulder 2045 Windcliff Dr. Estes Park CO 80517 USA

New.data and ideas are changing our view.of conditions during the *** of the continents w.s low.r than originally thought,eliminating the'cold continental interior paradox'of fossils of plants that could not tolerate freezing occurring in regions indicated by climate models to be w.ll below.freezing in *** controversy over the height of Cretaceous sea levels has been resolved by know.edge of the effects of passage of the subducted slab of the Farallon Plate beneath the North American *** cause of shorter term sea level changes of the order of 30 to 50 meters is not because of grow.h and decay of ice sheets,but more likely the filling and release of w.ter from groundw.ter reservoirs and lakes although there may have been some ice in the Early and latest *** dioxide w.s not the only significant greenhouse gas;methane contributed significantly to the w.rmer *** of very w.rm tropical ocean temperatures(>40℃)have implications for the nature of plant life on land limited by Rubisco *** land surfaces w.re much w.tter than has been thought,w.th meandering rivers and many oxbow.lakes providing habitat for large dinosaurs.A major rethinking of the nature of conditions on a w.rmer Earth is underw.y,and a new.suite of paleoclimate simulations for the Cretaceous is needed.

关键词： Cretaceous Paleogeography Paleotopography Sea level Greenhouse Paleohydrology Paleoclimate

DEM prediction of industrial and geophysical particle flow.

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 106-118页

作者： Paul w. Cleary CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences Private Bag 33 Clayton South 3169 Australia

Simulation of industrial particle flow. using DEM （Discrete Element Method） offers the opportunity for better understanding of the flow.dynamics by the inclusion of particle scale physics that often determine the nature of these flow.. Increased understanding from the models can lead to improvements in equip- ment design and operation, potentially leading to large increases in equipment and process efficiency, throughput and]or product quality. Industrial applications are typically large and involve complex par- ticulate behaviour in complex geometries. This paper explores the critical influence of particle shape on granular system behaviour and then discusses examples of DEM applied to several large industrial problems. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： DEMGranular flow.andslideMillScreenMixing

Higher-Level Hardw.re Synthesis of the KASUMI Algorithm

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第1期22卷 60-70页

作者： Issam w. Damaj Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Dhofar University P.O. Box 2509 Salalah 211 Oman

Programmable Logic Devices （PLDs） continue to grow.in size and currently contain several millions of gates. At the same time, research effort is going into higher-level hardw.re synthesis methodologies for reconfigurable computing that can exploit PLD technology. In this paper, w. explore the effectiveness and extend one such formal methodology in the design of massively parallel algorithms. w. take a step-w.se refinement approach to the development of correct reconfigurable hardw.re circuits from formal specifications. A functional programming notation is used for specifying algorithms and for reasoning about them. The specifications are realised through the use of a combination of function decomposition strategies, data refinement techniques, and off-the-shelf refinements based upon higher-order functions. The off-the-shelf refinements are inspired by the operators of Communicating Sequential Processes （CSP） and map easily to programs in Handel-C （a hardw.re description language）. The Handel-C descriptions are directly compiled into reconfigurable hardw.re. The practical realisation of this methodology is evidenced by a case studying the third generation mobile communication security algorithms. The investigated algorithm is the KASUMI block cipher. In this paper, w. obtain several hardw.re implementations w.th different performance characteristics by applying different refinements to the algorithm. The developed designs are compiled and tested under Celoxica＇s RC-1000 reconfigurable computer w.th its 2 million gates Virtex-E FPGA. Performance analysis and evaluation of these implementations are included.

关键词： data encryption formal models gate array methodology parallel algorithms

A Batesian mimic and its model share color production mechanisms

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 658-667页

作者： David w. KIKUCHI David w. PFENNIG Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA

Batesian mimics are harmless prey species that resemble dangerous ones （models）, and thus receive protection from predators. How.such adaptive resemblances evolve is a classical problem in evolutionary biology. Mimicry is typically thought to be difficult to evolve, especially if the model and mimic produce the convergent phenotype through different proximate mecha- nisms. How.ver, mimicry may evolve more readily if mimic and model share similar pathw.ys for producing the convergent phenotype. In such cases, these pathw.ys can be co-opted in ancestral mimic populations to produce high-fidelity mimicry w.th- out the need for major evolutionary innovations. Here, w. show.that a Batesian mimic, the scarlet kingsnake Larnpropeltis elap-soides, produces its coloration using the same physiological mechanisms as does its model, the eastern coral snake Micrurus fulvius. Therefore, precise color mimicry may have been able to evolve easily in this system. Generally, w. know.relatively little about the proximate mechanisms underlying mimicry .

关键词： Adaptation Coloration Convergent evolution Pteridine Pigment

Inducible competitors and adaptive diversification

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 537-552页

作者： Beren w. ROBINSON David w. PFENNIG Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W 1 Canada Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Identifying the causes of diversification is central to evolutionary biology. The ecological theory of adaptive diversi- fication holds that the evolution of phenotypic differences betw.en populations and species--and the formation of new.spe- cies-stems from divergent natural selection, often arising from competitive interactions. Although increasing evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate this process, it is not generally appreciated that competitively mediated selection often also provides ideal conditions for phenotypic plasticity to evolve in the first place. Here, w. discuss how.competition plays at least tw. key roles in adaptive diversification depending on its pattern. First, heterogenous competition initially generates heterogeneity in resource use that favors adaptive plasticity in the form of ＂inducible competitors＂. Second, once such competitively induced plas- ticity evolves, its capacity to rapidly generate phenotypic variation and expose phenotypes to alternate selective regimes allow. populations to respond readily to selection favoring diversification, as may occur w.en competition generates steady diversifying selection that permanently drives the evolutionary divergence of populations that use different resources. Thus, competition plays tw. important roles in adaptive diversification---one w.ll-know. and the other only now.emerging--mediated through its effect on the evolution ofphenotypic plasticity

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Competition Adaptive radiation Character displacement Genetic assimilation Resourcepolymorphism